Two regimes in the regularity of sunspot number
Sunspot numbers WN display quasi-periodical variations that undergo regime changes. These irregularities could indicate a chaotic system and be measured by Lyapunov exponents. We define a functional λ (an "irregularity index") that is close to the (maximal) Lyapunov exponent for dynamical systems and well defined for series with a random component: this allows one to work with sunspot numbers. We compute λ for the daily WN from 1850 to 2012 within 4 yr sliding windows: λ exhibit sharp maxima at solar minima and secondary maxima at solar maxima. This pattern is reflected in the ratio R of the amplitudes of the main versus secondary peaks. Two regimes have alternated in the past 150 yr, R1 from 1850 to 1915 (large λ and R values) and R2 from 1935 to 2005 (shrinking difference between main and secondary maxima, R values between 1 and 2). We build an autoregressive model consisting of Poisson noise plus an 11 yr cycle and compute its irregularity index. The transition from R1 to R2 can be reproduced by strengthening the autocorrelation a of the model series. The features of the two regimes are stable for model and WN with respect to embedding dimension and delay. Near the time of the last solar minimum (~2008), the irregularity index exhibits a peak similar to the peaks observed before 1915. This might signal a regime change back from R2 to R1 and the onset of a significant decrease of solar activity.
2013
2021-04-19 13:02:15
1033
Lyapunov exponent, solar activity, solar cycle
Alexander
Shapoval
70
Jean-Louis
Le Mouël
70
Vincent
Courtillot
70
M.
Shnirman
70
COBISS_ID
3
60297987
UDK
4
52
ISSN pri članku
9
1538-4357
DOI
15
10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/108
NUK URN
18
URN:SI:UNG:REP:DS30PACA
0
Predstavitvena datoteka
2021-04-19 14:46:07
2013Shapoval_et_al_ApJ.pdf
5209624
Predstavitvena datoteka
2021-04-19 13:03:15
0
Izvorni URL
2021-04-19 13:02:16