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21.
Measuring free word order: Some empirical and modeling perspectives
Arthur Stepanov, invited lecture at foreign university

Abstract: Languages manifesting flexibility of word order (within the sentence's compositional meaning) have always presented a challenge for modern theories of syntax requiring any deviation from the canonical word order to be grammatically motivated. Parasyntactic motivations such as information structural or stylistic requirements may account for some portion of this flexibility, but not all of it. In addition, native speakers do not necessarily accept canonical and non-canonical word orders to an equal extent. In fact, the latter typically receive lower acceptability scores than the former, albeit above the subjective threshold for what would count as "ungrammatical". Some of the combinatorially possible word orders are not acceptable at all. In this experimental study we scrutinize different word order sequences in a free word order language (Serbo-Croatian) and attempt to isolate independent displacement factors responsible for various elements of the sentence appearing away from their canonical structural positions. We explore differential and cumulative effects of these independent factors to predict speakers' acceptability scores.
Keywords: Free word order, experimental syntax, Serbo-Croatian, sentence acceptability task
Published in RUNG: 11.02.2021; Views: 2446; Downloads: 0
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22.
23.
How good a cue is a resumptive pronoun? Processing relative clauses in Slovenian
Matic Pavlič, Arthur Stepanov, 2020, published scientific conference contribution abstract

Abstract: We explore the time course of processing Slovenian subject and object relative clauses (SRC and ORC, respectively) and the role of resumptive pronouns (RP). Participants (adult native speakers of Slovenian, Exp1: N=37; Exp2: N=33, Exp3: N=35) read the sentences in the self-paced mode, followed by a comprehension question after each sentence. In Exp.1 we ask whether the basic SRC/ORC processing asymmetry obtains in Slovenian, despite the presence of an RP. Results: The RC verb was read longer in ORCs compared to SRCs, and postverbal NPs were read longer than preverbal NPs (Figure 1). Both observations are likely to reflect integration effects, suggesting that the presence of RP does not cancel the stand-ard SRC/ORC processing asymmetry. In Exp. 2, we ask whether this asymmetry depends on the structural position of the RC within the sentence. We manipulated RC type and structural position (center-embedded, right-peripheral), across four conditions. Results: similarly to Exp.1, a SRC/ORC asymmetry was observed at the RC verb as well as between the postverbal vs. preverbal NPs, independently of the structural position of RC. The main clause predicate was read slower in sentences with center-embedded RCs compared to those with right-peripheral RCs, in accordance of predictions of metric-based theories of integration cost. Questions following ORCs took somewhat longer to answer than those following SRCs. At the same time, all RCs were read slower in the right-peripheral position than in the center-embedded position, and questions following right-peripheral RCs were answered significantly less accurately than those following center-embedded RCs. We attribute the greater complexity associated with the right-peripheral position to availability of a competitive parse based on a pseudo-relative structures. In Exp.3, we investigate how the feature structure of an RC head and its corresponding RP may affect retrieval of the RC head with the ORC subject as a featural intervenor. Design: by crossing values for number (sg., pl.) and gender (masc.,fem.) between the RC head, RP and the ORC subject we created a continuum of feature matching across four conditions. Results: the integration effect at the RC verb was significantly greater in the conditions with non-matching gender, but not those with non-matching number, suggesting that an RP does not cancel the intervention effect caused by featural similarity, while supporting the conjecture that different patterns of processing nominal features may correlate with their grammatical status (e.g. semantic vs. morphological).
Keywords: relative clause, Slovenian, resumptive pronoun, self-paced reading, structural complexity, psycholinguistics
Published in RUNG: 02.09.2020; Views: 2500; Downloads: 0
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25.
When a Wh-Word Refuses to Stay in Situ
Arthur Stepanov, Ali Al Moussaoui, 2020, original scientific article

Abstract: Richards (2010, 2016) suggests that a language’s choice between the wh-movement option and the wh-in-situ option is made on the basis of language-specific prosodic properties that determine whether or not a prosodic wh-domain containing both the interrogative C and the wh-phrase can be established. A wh-domain in this sense roughly corresponds to a piece of prosodic structure in which these two key elements are separated by as few prosodic boundaries as possible, ideally zero. Prosodic boundaries demarcate structural units of the sentence, known as Minor or Intermediate Phrases that may trivially or nontrivially correspond to syntactic constituents.
Keywords: prosodic domain, Minor Phrase, wh-in-situ, wh-movement, Lebanese Arabic, French, Italian
Published in RUNG: 01.04.2020; Views: 3170; Downloads: 256
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26.
The role of working memory in children’s ability for prosodic discrimination
Arthur Stepanov, Karmen Brina Kodrič, Penka Stateva, 2020, original scientific article

Abstract: Previous research established that young children are sensitive to prosodic cues discriminating between syntactic structures of otherwise similarly sounding sentences in a language unknown to them. In this study, we explore the role of working memory that children might deploy for the purpose of the sentence-level prosodic discrimination. Nine-year old Slovenian monolingual and bilingual children (N = 70) were tested on a same-different prosodic discrimination task in a language unknown to them (French) and on the working memory measures in the form of forward and backward digit span and non-word repetition tasks. The results suggest that both the storage and processing components of the working memory are involved in the prosodic discrimination task.
Keywords: multilingualism, working memory, phonology
Published in RUNG: 10.03.2020; Views: 2670; Downloads: 94
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27.
Dileme pri usvajanju pomožnih glagolov v italijanščini s strani slovenskih govorcev
Lionella Costantini, 2019, undergraduate thesis

Abstract: Tema diplomske naloge so pomožni glagoli v italijanščini in v slovenščini, izvedena je bila eksperimentalna študija. Glavni cilj raziskave je bil pojasniti, ali imajo Slovenci dileme z izbiro pomožnih glagolov v italijanščini glede na to, da sta v italijanščini dva t.j. essere in avere, v slovenščini pa le eden, t.j. glagol biti. Kot izhodišče sem uporabila študijo Antonelle Sorace (1992). Za raziskavo je bila uporabljena metodologija vprašalnika z likertovo lestvico. S c-testom pa sem ugotovila nivo znanja italijanskih in slovenskih učencev iz srednjih šol. Analiza pridobljenih rezultatov je pokazala, da drži, kar smo predvidevali. Govorci slovenščine raje izberejo stavke s pomožnim glagolom essere, ker ga v slovenščini poznajo. Glagol avere pa uporabljajo manj, ker ga slovenščina nima.
Keywords: Pomožni glagoli v italijanščini, pomožni glagoli v slovenščini, jezikovni prenos, c-test, Likertova lestvica, usvajanje drugega jezika
Published in RUNG: 05.12.2019; Views: 4311; Downloads: 144
.pdf Full text (1,49 MB)

28.
LE IN SAMO KOT SPROŽILCA POMENSKIH PREDPOSTAVK: EKSPERIMENTALNA ŠTUDIJA V SLOVENŠČINI
Zala Zbičajnik, 2019, undergraduate thesis

Abstract: V svojem diplomskem delu se ukvarjam s posebno vrsto pomenskih predpostavk in njihovimi sprožilci. Uvod se osredotoča na pragmatične in semantične značilnosti predpostavk. Pregledane so teoretične in eksperimentalne raziskave o pomenskih predpostavkah in njihovem sprožilcu only (samo/le) ter med nekaterimi njenimi tujimi ustreznicami. V svojem delu predstavim rezultate eksperimentalne študije, posvečene slovenskima ustreznicama angleške besede only, le in samo. Preučujem, kako materni govorci slovenščine sodijo o obeh sprožilcih pomenske predpostavke s pragmatičnega vidika. Študija odgovarja na vprašanje, ali sta besedi sinonimni, katera beseda je rabljena pogosteje ter kako sta uporabljeni v določenih slovenskih dialektih. Bolj nazorno, študija predlaga, da slovenski ustreznici besede only v prevodu pripadata skupini trdih sprožilcev, ki jih določi Abusch (2009), ti pa so opredeljeni kot sprožilci v pomenskih predpostavkah, ki ne morejo biti preklicane.
Keywords: Pomenska predpostavka, sprožilec, only, le, samo, pragmatično procesiranje
Published in RUNG: 04.09.2019; Views: 4349; Downloads: 156
.pdf Full text (1,08 MB)

29.
Structuring linguistic noise : The children's remarkable capacity for syntactic segmentation
Arthur Stepanov, invited lecture at foreign university

Abstract: How do young children acquiring their native language master complex abstract properties of adult sentences, more specifically, their syntactic structure? A good portion of recent research in child language acquisition is devoted to the nature of 'segmentation' strategies allowing children to deduce some of these abstract structural properties from the linguistic input they are exposed to, and the role of linguistic (e.g. prosodic), cognitive (e.g. working memory, probabilistic) and experience (e.g. bilingualism, music training) factors that affect the segmentation task. In this talk I give a broad outline of this research agenda including our own work and reflect on promising new directions that emerge in this domain.
Keywords: segmentation, prosody, child language
Published in RUNG: 28.06.2019; Views: 3210; Downloads: 0
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30.
Cross-Linguistic Variation in the Meaning of Quantifiers : Implications for Pragmatic Enrichment
Penka Stateva, Arthur Stepanov, Viviane Déprez, Ludivine Dupuy, Anne Reboul, 2019, original scientific article

Abstract: One of the most studied scales in the literature on scalar implicatures is the quantifier scale. While the truth of some is entailed by the truth of all, some is felicitous only when all is false. This opens the possibility that some would be felicitous if, e.g., almost all of the objects in the restriction of the quantifier have the property ascribed by the nuclear scope. This prediction from the standard theory of quantifier interpretation clashes with native speakers’ intuitions. In Experiment 1 we report a questionnaire study on the perception of quantifier meanings in English, French, Slovenian, and German which points to a cross-linguistic variation with respect to the perception of numerical bounds of the existential quantifier. In Experiment 2, using a picture choice task, we further examine whether the numerical bound differences correlate with differences in pragmatic interpretations of the quantifier some in English and quelques in French and interpret the results as supporting our hypothesis that some and its cross-linguistic counterparts are subjected to different processes of pragmatic enrichment.
Keywords: quantifier, numerical bound, scalar implicature, R/I-implicature, M-implicature
Published in RUNG: 15.05.2019; Views: 3114; Downloads: 168
.pdf Full text (3,30 MB)

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