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1.
Urban tracer dispersion experiments during the second DAPPLE field campaign in London 2004
Damien Martin, Catheryn S Price, Iain R. White, Graham Nickless, K Fredrik Petersson, Rex E Britter, Alan G Robins, Stephen E Belcher, Janet F Barlow, Marie Neophytou, Samantha J Arnold, Alan S Tomlin, Robert J Smalley, Dudley E. Shallcross, 2010, original scientific article

Abstract: As part of the DAPPLE programme two large scale urban tracer experiments using multiple simultaneous releases of cyclic perfluoroalkanes from fixed location point sources was performed. The receptor concentrations along with relevant meteorological parameters measured are compared with a three screening dispersion models in order to best predict the decay of pollution sources with respect to distance. It is shown here that the simple dispersion models tested here can provide a reasonable upper bound estimate of the maximum concentrations measured with an empirical model derived from field observations and wind tunnel studies providing the best estimate. An indoor receptor was also used to assess indoor concentrations and their pertinence to commonly used evacuation procedures.
Keywords: Dapple, dispersion
Published in RUNG: 18.07.2019; Views: 2749; Downloads: 0
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2.
Dispersion experiments in central London: The 2007 DAPPLE project
Curtis R Wood, Samantha J Arnold, Ahmed A Balogun, Janet F Barlow, Stephen E Belcher, Rex E Britter, Hong Cheng, Adrian Dobre, Justin J N Lingard, Damien Martin, Marina K Neophytou, Fredrik K Petersson, Alan G Robins, Dudley E. Shallcross, Robert J Smalley, James E Tate, Alison S Tomlin, Iain R. White, 2009, original scientific article

Abstract: In the event of a release of toxic gas in the center of London, emergency services personnel would need to determine quickly the extent of the area contaminated. The transport of pollutants by turbulent flow within the complex streets and building architecture of London, United Kingdom, is not straightforward, and we might wonder whether it is at all possible to make a scientifically reasoned decision. Here, we describe recent progress from a major U.K. project, Dispersion of Air Pollution and its Penetration into the Local Environment (DAPPLE; information online at www.dapple.org.uk). In DAPPLE, we focus on the movement of airborne pollutants in cities by developing a greater understanding of atmospheric flow and dispersion within urban street networks. In particular, we carried out full-scale dispersion experiments in central London from 2003 through 2008 to address the extent of the dispersion of tracers following their release at street level. These measurements complemented previous studies because 1) our focus was on dispersion within the first kilometer from the source, when most of the material was expected to remain within the street network rather than being mixed into the boundary layer aloft; 2) measurements were made under a wide variety of meteorological conditions; and 3) central London represents a European, rather than North American, city geometry. Interpretation of the results from the full-scale experiments was supported by extensive numerical and wind tunnel modeling, which allowed more detailed analysis under idealized and controlled conditions. In this article, we review the full-scale DAPPLE methodologies and show early results from the analysis of the 2007 field campaign data.
Keywords: Air quality, Atmospheric thermodynamics, Dispersions, Experiments
Published in RUNG: 18.07.2019; Views: 3904; Downloads: 0
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3.
Short-range urban dispersion experiments using fixed and moving sources
Dudley E. Shallcross, Damien Martin, Catheryn S Price, Graham Nickless, Iain R. White, Fredrik Petterson, Rex E Britter, Marina K Neophytou, James Tate, Alison S Tomlin, Stephen E Belcher, Janet F Barlow, Alan Robins, 2009, original scientific article

Abstract: Four perfluorocarbon tracer dispersion experiments were carried out in central London, United Kingdom in 2004. These experiments were supplementary to the dispersion of air pollution and penetration into the local environment (DAPPLE) campaign and consisted of ground level releases, roof level releases and mobile releases; the latter are believed to be the first such experiments to be undertaken. A detailed description of the experiments including release, sampling, analysis and wind observations is given. The characteristics of dispersion from the fixed and mobile sources are discussed and contrasted, in particular, the decay in concentration levels away from the source location and the additional variability that results from the non-uniformity of vehicle speed.
Keywords: dapple, perfluorocarbon, tracer, mobile source
Published in RUNG: 18.07.2019; Views: 2843; Downloads: 0
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