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11.
The effect of Zr loading on photocatalytic activity of Cu modified TiO2
Olena Pliekhova, O. L. Pliekhov, Mattia Fanetti, Iztok Arčon, Nataša Novak Tušar, Urška Lavrenčič Štangar, 2018, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci

Ključne besede: Titanium diokside, acidic sites, surface titration, copper, zirconium
Objavljeno v RUNG: 10.09.2018; Ogledov: 3808; Prenosov: 0
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12.
Surface modified titanium dioxide using transition metals : nickel as a winning transition metal for solar light photocatalysis
Andraž Šuligoj, Iztok Arčon, Matjaž Mazaj, Goran Dražić, Denis Arčon, Pegie Cool, Urška Lavrenčič Štangar, Nataša Novak Tušar, 2018, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: Titanium dioxide has been widely used as an antimicrobial agent, UV-filter and catalyst for pollution abatement. Herein, surface modifications with selected transition metals (Me) over colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles and immobilization with a colloidal SiO2 binder as composite films (MeTiO2/SiO2) on a glass carrier were used to enhance solar-light photoactivity. Colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles were modified by loading selected transition metals (Me ¼ Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) in the form of chlorides on their surface. They were present primarily as oxo-nanoclusters and a portion as metal oxides. The structural characteristics of bare TiO2 were preserved up to an optimal metal loading of 0.5 wt%. We have shown in situ that metal-oxo-nanoclusters with a redox potential close to that of O2/O2 were able to function as co-catalysts on the TiO2 surface which was excited by solar-light irradiation. The materials were tested for photocatalytic activity by two opposite methods; one detecting O2 (reduction, Rz ink test) while the other detecting OH (oxidation, terephthalic acid test). It was shown that the enhancement of the solar-light activity of TiO2 by the deposition of transition metal oxo-nanoclusters on the surface depends strongly on the combination of the reduction potential of such species and appropriate band positions of their oxides. The latter prevented excessive self-recombination of the photogenerated charge carriers by the nanoclusters in Ni and Zn modification, which was probably the case in other metal modifications. Overall, only Ni modification had a positive effect on solar photoactivity in both oxidation and reduction reactions.
Ključne besede: surface modified TiO2, XANES, EXAFS, Nickel, solar light photocatalyst
Objavljeno v RUNG: 01.06.2018; Ogledov: 3421; Prenosov: 0
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13.
Zamenjava obstoječih reaktivnih barvil v tiskarni tekstilne tovarne
Gašper Čefarin, 2017, diplomsko delo

Opis: Dandanes se v tekstilni industriji uporabljajo različna barvila za barvanje in tiskanje tekstila. Različne vrste barvil se razlikujejo po kemijskih in fizikalnih lastnostih. Manjše razlike, ki imajo v tiskarni lahko velik pomen, so opazne tudi pri barvilih iste vrste različnih proizvajalcev. Pri izbiri barvil je potrebno biti pozoren na to, kakšen ton ima barva na tekstilu, koliko je barva čista ali motna, ter kakšna koncentracija barvila je potrebna, da dosežemo določeno svetlost barve. Cilj barvanja in tiskanja v tekstilni tovarni je namreč velikokrat tudi poustvariti določeno barvo na tekstilu, ki si jo kupec zaželi. To izvedejo tako, da barvila različnih barv zmešajo skupaj v pravem razmerju, pri čemer uporabljajo različno opremo in računalniške programe. V podjetju Tekstina so se odločili za primerjavo do sedaj uporabljanih barvil s cenejšimi barvili drugega dobavitelja. Menjava barvne palete barvil je proces, ki zahteva svojevrsten projekt ovrednotenja ter medsebojne primerjave barvil različnih proizvajalcev in sicer čimbolj natančno, tako z vidika nastalih barv na tekstilu pri tiskanju, ter s finančnega, tehnološkega in okoljskega vidika. Namen diplomske naloge je prikazati, ali je zamenjava obstoječih reaktivnih barvil z novimi v tiskarni tekstilne tovarne smotrna. V okviru diplomske naloge sem izvedel primerjalni tisk in primerjal nastale barve na tekstilu ter razlike v ceni, vplivih na okolje ter tehnološke lastnosti barvil oziroma kvaliteto barvil obeh dobaviteljev. Ugotovil sem, da bi bila najbolj smotrna menjava treh barvil, ki so v tiskarni podjetja količinsko najbolj uporabljana, menjava ostalih barvil pa zahteva dodatno presojo s strani izkušenih ljudi in strokovnjakov na tem področju.
Ključne besede: tekstilna industrija, tiskarna, tiskanje, reaktivna barvila, barvna paleta, zamenjava dobavitelja
Objavljeno v RUNG: 25.09.2017; Ogledov: 5162; Prenosov: 243
.pdf Celotno besedilo (2,84 MB)

14.
Contribution of Cu and Zr to the Properties of TiO2 for Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Olena Pliekhova, Iztok Arčon, Nataša Novak Tušar, Urška Lavrenčič Štangar, 2017, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci

Ključne besede: Photocatalysis, water treatment, surface modification, durability
Objavljeno v RUNG: 23.08.2017; Ogledov: 4462; Prenosov: 0
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15.
Role of Surface Cu-O-Zr Sites in the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Nanoscale Particles
Olena Pliekhova, Iztok Arčon, Nataša Novak Tušar, Urška Lavrenčič Štangar, 2016, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci

Ključne besede: Photocatalysis, Titanium dioxide, Copper, Zirconia, co-doping, EXAFS, XANES
Objavljeno v RUNG: 23.08.2017; Ogledov: 4586; Prenosov: 0
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16.
STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF MANGANESE-FUNCTIONALIZED SILICA AEROGELS : MASTER'S THESIS
Tatjana Kobal, 2016, magistrsko delo

Opis: Manganese-functionalized silica with interparticle mesoporosity and isolated Mn sites (Mn/Si = 0.01) is an excellent Fenton catalyst for water cleaning. However, there is a problem that needs to be solved, i.e., Mn leaching from the silica support during the reaction. The solution may lie in using aerogels as the silicate supports for the manganese. The goal of this master thesis is the synthesis and characterization of manganese-functionalized silica aerogels with different Mn/Si molar ratios and a determination of their structural properties. The emphasis is on the preparation of manganese-functionalized silica aerogels with isolated manganese sites. Firstly, manganese-functionalized microporous and mesoporous silicates with a molar ratio Mn/Si = 0.005–0.02 were synthesized according to the literature and characterized as reference materials for manganese-functionalized aerogels. Manganese silicalite-1 (MnS-1) as a microporous zeolite-type silicate and manganese-functionalized silica (MnKIL-2) as a mesoporous silicate were prepared by the sol-gel process with a hydrothermal and solvothermal treatment, respectively. MnS-1 and MnKIL-2 with a molar ratio of Mn/Si ≤ 0.01 contain manganese as isolated sites in the silica framework and with a molar ratio of Mn/Si > 0.01 contain manganese as manganese oxides. Secondly, manganese-functionalized aerogels (MnAEG) with a molar ratio Mn/Si = 0.005–0.02, were prepared according to the acid-base of the sol-gel polymerization of a tetraethylorthosilicate precursor, which is followed in combination with a supercritical drying using CO2. The prepared materials were characterized using the following techniques: X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray elemental analysis (EDX), nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characterization results on manganese-functionalized aerogels (MnAEG) showed Mn oxide nanoparticles incorporated into the aerogel already at a low Mn concentration (Mn/Si = 0.005), which means that Mn aerogels are not promising silica supports for Mn catalysts applied for water cleaning, because they do not contain isolated Mn sites.
Ključne besede: : SiO2 aerogels, manganese-functionalized SiO2 aerogels, sol–gel process, CO2 supercritical drying
Objavljeno v RUNG: 02.09.2016; Ogledov: 5786; Prenosov: 239
.pdf Celotno besedilo (4,37 MB)

17.
Photocatalytic Activity of Zirconium- and Manganese- Codoped Titania in Aqueous Media: The Role of the Metal Dopant and its Incorporation Site
O. L. Pliekhov, Iztok Arčon, Nataša Novak Tušar, Urška Lavrenčič Štangar, 2016, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: The development of efficient TiO2-based photocatalysts for water treatment is mainly performed by doping with transition metals or by establishing junctions between different phases, metal–semiconductor or semiconductor–semiconductor. We present, for the first time, the synthesis of Zr- and Mn-modified TiO2 by a redesigned sol–gel technique that allows the formation of heterometallic bridges on the TiO2 surface. Cations of the doping metals are located in the pores of mesoporous anatase and attached to the crystalline TiO2 walls. The presence of the Zr enhances the photoactivity of the TiO2 catalyst. However, the introduction of Mn decreases the photocatalytic efficiency in a nonadditive manner. The inhibition effect was assigned to the side reaction between hydroxyl radicals and Mn ions. The fact that Mn effectively scavenges the hydroxyl radicals and, consequently, inhibits the whole oxidation process is direct proof that hydroxyl radicals are the main reactive species in the photocatalytic oxidative processes on TiO2 surfaces in aqueous media and the process of COH generation is the rate-determining step, which was confirmed using a method based on the decolorization of a commercial dye Bezaktiv Blau in a reaction with Fenton’s reagent as a source of hydroxyl radicals.
Ključne besede: doping, manganese, oxidation, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, zirconium
Objavljeno v RUNG: 21.07.2016; Ogledov: 4106; Prenosov: 0
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18.
Removal of manganese in batch and fluidized bed systems using beads of zeolite a as adsorbent
Mina Jovanovic, Iztok Arčon, Janez Kovač, Nataša Novak Tušar, Bojana Obradovic, Nevenka Rajić, 2016, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: In this study the uptake capacity of Mn(II) ions by zeolite A beads was investigated for different initial Mn concentration (100e400 mg Mn dm^-3) in batch mode at 25e55 C. The obtained adsorption capacity varying from 30 to 50 mg Mn g^-1 demonstrated a high affinity of zeolite A towards Mn(II) present in solutions. Kinetic studies indicated the intra-particle diffusion as the rate limiting step up to 45 C with apparent diffusivities in the range (1.2e2.0) x 10^-13 m2 s^-1 and the activation energy of 21.9 kJ mol^-1, which implies strong interactions between the zeolite A and Mn ions. At 55 C ion-exchange became the rate limiting step. The adsorption isotherms were studied at 25 C showing that the Mn adsorption is the best described by the Langmuir model suggesting a homogenous zeolite surface. XPS analysis of the Mnloaded beads showed that there is no surface accumulation of Mn but an almost uniform Mn distribution inside zeolite A, whereas XANES and EXAFS suggested that the adsorption of Mn(II) was followed by the Mn(II) oxidation and oxide formation. Regeneration of the spent zeolite was examined in 8 adsorption/desorption cycles by a chelating Na2EDTA in a fluidized column. It has been found that zeolite A beads could be reused for at least 4 cycles with satisfactory Mn(II) adsorption efficiencies of about 70%.
Ključne besede: Zeolite A Manganese Adsorption kinetics EXAFS/XANES XPS
Objavljeno v RUNG: 01.04.2016; Ogledov: 5183; Prenosov: 0
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19.
Photocatalytic activity of Zr and Mn co-doped TiO2 in aqueous media
Urška Lavrenčič Štangar, O. L. Pliekhov, Nataša Novak Tušar, 2015, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci

Ključne besede: mechanism, influence of dopants, Mn scavenger of hydroxyl radicals
Objavljeno v RUNG: 01.02.2016; Ogledov: 4884; Prenosov: 1
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20.
Development of Advanced TiO2/SiO2 Photocatalyst for Indoor Air Cleaning
Andraž Šuligoj, 2015, doktorska disertacija

Opis: TiO2 - SiO2 composites were synthesized by low-temperature sol-gel impregnation method, using four different titania sources (P-25 from Degussa, PC500 from Millennium, CCA 100 AS and CCA 100 BS from Cinkarna, later denoted as AS and BS, respectively) and deposited on aluminium and glass carriers. Ordered and disordered mesoporous silicas were impregnated with ce{TiO2} in powder or suspension form in the Ti : Si molar ratio 1 : 1. Structure, size, band gap, chemical composition and specific surface area of nanoparticles were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DR-UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ce{N2} physisorption. Additionally, quantity of surface hydroxyl groups, surface acidity and mechanical stability of the coatings were determined by temperature programmed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TPD-IR) and Wolff-Wilborn method, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and TiO2 - SiO2 composites was evaluated in the photodegradation of toluene and formaldehyde, as model VOCs, under UVA light irradiation in lab-made photoreactor system with two different regimes; batch and plug-flow mode. These two VOCs are being considered as examples of two of the six major classes of indoor air contaminants. Adsorption properties of the samples with toluene, have shown that the addition of mesoporous silica was beneficial. The increase of the adsorption of the bare AS TiO2 (9.5 %) was higher in the case of ordered silica, SBA-15 (2.8 times for AS/SBA15 to 26.8 %) than disordered SiO2 KIL-2 (2.4 times for AS/KIL2 to 22.7 %) although it was significant in both types of mesoporous silica supports (over 20 %). Adsorption was found to be dependent mostly on the quantity of surface Si-OH groups. Regarding the photocatalytic activities towards toluene degradation, the results with pure TiO2 showed the fastest kinetics in case of sample AS followed by PC500 and P25. The observed behaviour was ascribed to smaller particle size, and consequently higher specific surface area. Grafting titania onto silica showed the importance of structural parameters. Most importantly, if the pore structure of bare TiO2 collapsed, this resulted in decreased activity. On the other hand, retainment of the pore structure improved the distribution of nanoparticles, crystallinity and optical properties, which resulted in improved photocatalytic activity. In the degradation of formaldehyde, it was found that adsorption and degradation abilities of the materials were much more dependent on the structural properties of the samples, i.e., the pore structure. This was explained as a consequence of the different degradation mechanisms of both pollutants. Toluene degradation is governed by the oxidation through photogenerated holes - direct oxidation, whereas in the degradation of formaldehyde, the major oxidative species are OH radicals. In addition, the same as in toluene oxidation, the activity was dependent mainly on the number of crystal defects and the band gap values, that is the oxidation and reduction potentials of the catalysts. The degradation efficiency was increased from 88 % in pure AS TiO2 to 97 % when this titania was grafted onto colloidal silica (7C). An important highlight of the thesis is synthesis of a novel photocatalyst, labelled AS7C, which comprises an acidic colloidal suspension AS as TiO2 source and colloidal silica, using a low-temperature sol-gel impregnation method. This sample used all the above mentioned properties that improve photocatalytic activity towards both pollutants. Mechanical stability of the samples was also tested. The tests showed that binder, in the form of colloidal SiO2 (in size of 25 nm) in combination with colloidal titania of appropriate size - 6 nm, produced the highest mechanical stability of the coatings, which also showed excellent photocatalytic activity. Stability of the coatings, using AS as titania source, was greatly improved. The Wolff-Wilborn test on AS coating showed no mechanical resistance, while with the optimal (in terms of photocatalytic performance) addition of 7C SiO2 binder stability was excellent (F, which is in the middle of 6B-6H hardness scale). This sample (AS7C) was also tested for release of aerosols, during operation of the reactor, which could be harmful for human health at longer exposure times. It was found that aerosols are formed, probably as a consequence of detachment of nanoparticles in the first period of photodegradation test. However, their formation in consecutive tests was greatly reduced. Last but not least, a pilot plug-flow reactor was constructed to test the photocatalyst's efficiency in one-pass degradation of toluene. Sample AS7C was able to degrade toluene at conditions applied (v= 400 mL/min, m(catalyst) = 1049 mg, C(0) = 1 ppmv), which means that the out-flow from reactor was clean of the pollutant and any possible intermediates, comprising only of humid air and CO2. Deactivation of the catalyst was found at higher air flow and higher initial concentration of the pollutant. However, the concentrations of pollutants in living conditions are few orders of magnitude lower, hence this is a promising result.
Ključne besede: Air remediation, TiO2 photocatalysis, Immobilization, Thin layers, TiO2/SiO2 composites
Objavljeno v RUNG: 31.08.2015; Ogledov: 8579; Prenosov: 200
.pdf Celotno besedilo (33,47 MB)

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