1. A novel tool for the absolute end-to-end calibration of fluorescence telescopes : the XY-scannerChristoph Schäfer, Andrej Filipčič, Jon Paul Lundquist, Shima Ujjani Shivashankara, Samo Stanič, Serguei Vorobiov, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, 2023, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: The Pierre Auger Observatory uses 27 large-aperture wide-angle Schmidt telescopes to measure the longitudinal profile of air showers using the air-fluorescence technique. Up to the year 2013, the absolute calibration of the telescopes was performed by mounting a uniform large-diameter light source on each of the telescopes and illuminating the entire aperture with a known photon flux. Due to the high amount of work and person-power required, this procedure was only carried out roughly once every three years, and a relative calibration was performed every night to track short-term changes. Since 2013, only the relative calibration has been performed. In this paper, we present a novel tool for the absolute end-to-end calibration of the fluorescence detectors, the XY-Scanner. The XY-Scanner uses a portable integrating sphere as a light source, which has been absolutely calibrated. This light source is installed onto a motorized rail system and moved across the aperture of each telescope. We mimic the illumination of the entire aperture by flashing the light source at ∼1700 positions evenly distributed across the telescope aperture. For the absolute calibration of the light source, we built a dedicated setup that uses a NIST-calibrated photodiode to measure the average photon flux and a PMT to track the pulse-to-pulse stability. We present the laboratory setups used to study the characteristics of the employed light sources and discuss
the inter-calibration between selected telescopes.
Ključne besede: ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Pierre Auger Observatory, fluorescence detectors, longitudinal profile
Objavljeno v RUNG: 23.01.2024; Ogledov: 459; Prenosov: 6
 Celotno besedilo (5,33 MB)
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2. Measurement of the average electromagnetic longitudinal shower profile at the Pierre Auger ObservatoryFrancisco Diogo, Andrej Filipčič, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Ahmed Saleh, Samo Stanič, Marta Trini, Darko Veberič, Serguei Vorobiov, Lili Yang, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, 2015, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: In addition to the standard Xmax and energy, the longitudinal
profiles of extensive air showers contain some more interesting
information. For energies above 10[sup]17.8 eV, we present the
average profiles as a function of atmospheric depth measured
for the first time at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The profile
shapes for different energy ranges are all well reproduced by a
Gaisser-Hillas function within the range studied. A detailed
analysis of the systematic uncertainties is performed using
data and a full detector simulation, and the results are
compared with predictions of hadronic interaction models for different primaries.
Ključne besede: Pierre Auger Observatory, extensive air showers, longitudinal shower profile, Gaisser-Hillas finction
Objavljeno v RUNG: 03.03.2016; Ogledov: 4198; Prenosov: 188
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3. Measurements of Xmax above 10[sup]17 eV with the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger ObservatoryAlessio Porcelli, Andrej Filipčič, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Ahmed Saleh, Samo Stanič, Marta Trini, Darko Veberič, Serguei Vorobiov, Lili Yang, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, 2015, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: For the first time the Pierre Auger Collaboration
presents〈Xmax〉and σ(Xmax) measurements covering nearly three decades of energy. In this analysis we include
new Xmax data obtained with the High Elevation Auger
Telescopes (HEAT) enhancement. The HEAT telescopes cover
a field of view ranging from 30◦ to 60◦ of elevation and are
located next to one of the standard fluorescence detector sites
(Coihueco). The combination of the HEAT and Coihueco telescopes
covers a field of view from ∼2◦ up to ∼60◦ of elevation. Thus,
the combination can sample the longitudinal profile of nearby
lower energy showers, allowing us to extend the energy range
down to 10[sup]17 eV.
Ključne besede: extensive atmospheric showers, longitudinal shower profile, depth of the shower maximum, Pierre Auger Observatory
Objavljeno v RUNG: 03.03.2016; Ogledov: 5341; Prenosov: 236
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