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Opis: At the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we have developed a new method to measure the total amount of energy that is transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission. We find that this radiation energy is an estimator of the cosmic ray energy. It scales quadratically with the cosmic ray energy, as expected for coherent emission. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicular to the geomagnetic field at the Auger site, in the frequency band of the detector from 30 to 80 MHz. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated energies and arrival directions of the cosmic rays. We find energy resolutions of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the complete data set, and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five stations with signal.
Najdeno v: ključnih besedah
Povzetek najdenega: ...We find energy resolutions of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the complete data set,...
Ključne besede: Pierre Auger Observatory, the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA), extensive air showers, radio reconstruction: energy resolution
Objavljeno: 03.03.2016; Ogledov: 1977; Prenosov: 137
Polno besedilo (574,66 KB)

Opis: In this work, three surfaces, namely, Mg(0001), Mg(10 ̄1 0) and Mg(11 ̄2 0) are investigated by means of Density Functional Theory and Generalized Gradient Approximation first-principle calculations. The surfaces have been characterized in terms of their interlayer distances, surface energies, Projected Density of States and Surface Core Level Shifts. Contrary to what was found in previous studies based on Density Functional Theory-Local Density Approximation, the use of Generalized Gradient Approximation exchange correlation functional unravels the oscillatory behavior of both interlayer distances and Surface Core Level Shifts of Mg(10 ̄1 0). Moreover, the Projected Density Of States of un-reconstructed Mg(11 ̄2 0) exhibit the typical quantisation of electronic levels associated to a 2D-confinement of a 3D nearly-free electron gas, as observed in nano-wires, and a Peierls instability along the unconfined direction. Different possible reconstructions on Mg(11 ̄2 0) have then been investigated. In particular, it is found that the surface energy of (2X1) and (3X1) reconstructions is almost degenerate and lower than the surface energy of the unreconstructed Mg(11 ̄2 0) surface. Because of the quasi-degeneracy of surface energies, Mg(11 ̄2 0) surface should be composed by a combination of all the quasi degenerate phases.
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Ključne besede: Density Functional Theory, first-principle calculations, Mg surface, Surface Core-Level Shift, surface relaxation, surface reconstruction
Objavljeno: 04.07.2017; Ogledov: 2993; Prenosov: 1979
Polno besedilo (1,77 MB)

Najdeno v: ključnih besedah
Ključne besede: Pierre Auger Observatory, weather effects, reconstruction of extensive air showers
Objavljeno: 16.02.2018; Ogledov: 943; Prenosov: 83
Polno besedilo (942,34 KB)

Najdeno v: ključnih besedah
Ključne besede: AugerPrime, Offline simulation and reconstruction, Pierre Auger Observatory
Objavljeno: 19.02.2018; Ogledov: 1296; Prenosov: 82
Polno besedilo (996,51 KB)

Najdeno v: ključnih besedah
Ključne besede: Pierre Auger Observatory, extensive air showers, event reconstruction, deep learning
Objavljeno: 16.06.2020; Ogledov: 318; Prenosov: 15
Polno besedilo (1,16 MB)