1. Vertical profiling of aerosol properties with two-wavelength polarization Raman lidar over the Vipava valleyWilliam Eichinger, Klemen Bergant, Griša Močnik, Luka Drinovec, Samo Stamoč, Asta Gregorič, Longlong Wang, 2018, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Opis: Presence of atmospheric aerosols affects the Earth’s radiation budget and thus also atmospheric thermal structure,
which in turn affects cloud and planetary boundary layer (PBL) dynamics. We combine in-situ and remote
measurements to determine aerosol properties in a representative hot-spot for air pollution in a complex terrain
configuration. Vertical profiles of aerosol properties were investigated using a two-wavelength polarization
Raman lidar system in the Vipava valley. Using lidar-obtained particle depolarization ratio, lidar ratio and
backscatter Ångström exponent (355 nm / 1064 nm), which depend on aerosol shape, size and refractive index,
thus the aerosols can be identified and the roles of different aerosol types in the observed atmospheric processes
were investigated. In addition, aerosol absorption coefficients were measured in-situ by Aethalometers (AE33,
Magee Scientific / Aerosol d.o.o.) on the valley floor and on the adjacent mountain range, 850 m above the lidar site.
Our primary goal was to study the variability of aerosol types within and above the Vipava valley, which
was performed using the entire lidar dataset from August – December 2017. Primary anthropogenic aerosols
within the valley is mainly emitted from two sources: individual domestic heating systems, which mostly use
biomass fuel and traffic. Natural aerosols, transported by long-range transport, such as mineral dust and sea salt,
were observed both above the PBL and entering into the PBL. Vertical distributions of aerosol properties, in par-
ticular the particle depolarization ratio, indicated atmospheric stratification with different aerosol types occupying
different height ranges. In the presence of Bora (strong down-slope wind), Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities were
observed between the PBL and the free troposphere. Using aerosol type identification capability of our system,
we discovered that this instability was responsible for ejecting aerosols from the PBL up to 2 km into the free
troposphere.
In addition, we improved the reliability of aerosol identification in vertical profiles using absorption coeffi-
cient measured by Aethalometer. Combining it with the aerosol extinction coefficient at 355 nm derived from
lidar data, we derived aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA), which is an important parameter for aerosol
characterization.
Ključne besede: Aerosol, Vipava valley, lidar
Objavljeno: 23.04.2018; Ogledov: 27; Prenosov: 0
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2. Primjena pivskog tropa u proizvodnji bioplinaMario Panjicko, Gregor Drago Zupančič, Marina Tišma, Bruno Zelić, 2017, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: Pivarska industrija je veliki generator otpadnih tokova. Pivski trop, kao jedan od tri glavna otpada toka, po kemijskom je sastavu lignocelulozni materijal. Zbog sve većeg porasta cijena energije i povećane brige za očuvanjem okoliša, u zadnje vrijeme se provode brojna istraživanja procesa anaerobne razgradnje (anaerobne digestije) pivskog tropa u svrhu proizvodnje bioplina.
Bioplin proizveden prilikom procesa anaerobne razgradnje sastoji se najvećim dijelom od metana (CH4) i ugljikovog dioksida (CO2), s malim udjelima sumporovodika (H2S) i amonijaka (NH3) te plinova koji se mogu naći u tragovima, kao što su vodik (H2), dušik (N2), ugljikov monoksid (CO), zasićeni ili halogenirani ugljikovodici te kisik (O2).
Osnovni problem primjene pivskog tropa u procesu anaerobne razgradnje u svrhu proizvodnje bioplina je njegov složen kemijski sastav. Strukturna kompleksnost lignina, njegova kemijska stabilnost i netopljivost posebice otežavaju proces anaerobne razgradnje.
U ovom pregledu prikazane su osnove procesa anaerobne razgradnje, vrste reaktora za provedbu procesa anaerobne razgradnje te su opisane mogućnosti primjene pivskog tropa u procesu anaerobne razgradnje.
Ključne besede: anaerobna razgradnja, bioreaktori, lignoceluloza, bioplin, pivski trop
Objavljeno: 23.04.2018; Ogledov: 27; Prenosov: 0
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7. Hemichrome Determination by Thermal Lensing with Polyethylene Glycols for Signal Enhancement in Aqueous SolutionsMikhail Proskurnin, Mingqiang Liu, Mladen Franko, Viktoriya Galimova, 2018, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The thermal lens technique is proposed for the determination of total hemoglobin in the form of reversible hemichrome. The conditions were optimized (concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 2 mM) to attain the maximum sensitivity with the use of polyethylene glycols as signal enhancers. For polyethylene glycols with molecular weights 1500–35000 Da in a concentration range of 5–15% w/w (5–25 mM), the influence on thermal lens signal enhancement was estimated. It is shown that the use of 5% w/w polyethylene glycol 2000 provides the maximum increase in the thermal lens enhancement factor (by 40%) in comparison with unmodified aqueous solutions. The detection limit of iron(II) tris(1,10-phenanthrolinate) as a model system is 60 nM. Under these conditions, the thermal lens detection limit of hemichrome is 10 nM, which shows a 15-fold enhancement compared to spectro- photometry. Modification of the medium with polyethylene glycols decreases the limit of detection of hemichrome determination by 15% in comparison with unmodified aqueous solutions due to better reproducibility for the range of concentrations from 0.02 to 0.9 μM.
Ključne besede: Hemoglobin, hemikrom, optotermična spektroskopija, etilenglikol, spektrometrija s toplotnimi lečami
Objavljeno: 16.04.2018; Ogledov: 120; Prenosov: 0
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