21. Sentence comprehension test for Russian : a tool to assess syntactic competenceDaria Chernova, Artem Novozhilov, Natalia Slioussar, 2023, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Although all healthy adults have advanced syntactic processing abilities in their native language, psycholinguistic studies report extensive variation among them. However, very few tests were developed to assess this variation, presumably, because when adult native speakers focus on syntactic processing, not being distracted by other tasks, they usually reach ceiling performance. We developed a Sentence Comprehension Test for the Russian language aimed to fill this gap. The test captures variation among participants and does not show ceiling effects. The Sentence Comprehension Test includes 60 unambiguous grammatically complex sentences and 40 control sentences that are of the same length, but are syntactically simpler. Every sentence is accompanied by a comprehension question targeting potential syntactic processing problems and interpretation errors associated with them. Grammatically complex sentences were selected on the basis of the previous literature and then tested in a pilot study. As a result, six constructions that trigger the largest number of errors were identified. For these constructions, we also analyzed which ones are associated with the longest word-by-word reading times, question answering times and the highest error rates. These differences point to different sources of syntactic processing difficulties and can be relied upon in subsequent studies. We conducted two experiments to validate the final version of the test. Getting similar results in two independent experiments, as well as in two presentation modes (reading and listening modes are compared in Experiment 2) confirms its reliability. In Experiment 1, we also showed that the results of the test correlate with the scores in the verbal working memory span test.
Ključne besede: syntax, comprehension, Russian language, psycholinguistics
Objavljeno v RUNG: 05.04.2024; Ogledov: 284; Prenosov: 3
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24. The interpretation of the German additive particle auch ('too, also') in quantificational contextsMadeleine Butschety, 2022, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: This article discusses an unexpected interpretation that arises for the German additive particle auch (‘too, also’) in quantificational contexts. It will be proposed that what auch conveys in such contexts is a superset-to-subset relation between two of its arguments. This rather unusual meaning and its alternation with the classical additive meaning will be argued to be tied to specific syntactic constructions in which the particle occurs. The main purpose of this article is to present novel data and make a tentative suggestion on how the correspondence between syntactic structure and semantic interpretation could be explained.
Ključne besede: additive particle, quantification, appositive, superset-to-subset relation, German, inclusion, presupposition, anaphora
Objavljeno v RUNG: 04.04.2024; Ogledov: 260; Prenosov: 1
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28. O smeri naslanjanja slovenskih naslonk : predavanje v okviru Lingvističnega krožka Filozofske fakultete v Ljubljani, 18. 3. 2024, LjubljanaGuy Tabachnick, Franc Marušič, Rok Žaucer, 2024, druga izvedena dela Opis: Stavčne naslonke naj bi se v slovenščini privzeto naslanjale na predhodno besedo kot enklitike, obstaja pa glede tega v jezikoslovni literaturi tudi nasprotno mnenje. To razpravo smo želeli osvetliti z eksperimentalnimi podatki. V poskusu smo v stavek, prebran z nevtralno intonacijo in brez očitnih premorov, dodali kratek pisk na različna mesta, sodelujoči pa so morali povedati, kje dodani pisk slišijo. Piska večinoma niso slišali, kjer je bil predvajan, temveč so ga zaznavali na prozodičnih mejah, še posebej na večjih prozodičnih mejah. V običajnih stavkih brez večjih prozodičnih mej so pisk pogosteje zaznali pred naslonskim nizom kot za njim, kar pomeni, da govorci občutijo obstoj večje prozodične meje pred naslonkami kot za naslonkami in da se naslonke očitno privzeto navezujejo kot proklitike na naslednjo besedo in ne kot enklitike na predhodno besedo.
Ključne besede: naslonke, poskus, prozodične meje, skladnja, slovenščina
Objavljeno v RUNG: 29.03.2024; Ogledov: 252; Prenosov: 1
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29. Novel bispecific nanobody mitigates experimental intestinal inflammation in mice by targeting TNF-▫$\alpha$▫ and IL-23p19 bioactivitiesJiewen Wang, Guangbo Kang, Huiying Lu, Ario De Marco, Haibin Yuan, Zelin Feng, Mengxue Gao, Xiaoli Wang, Huahong Wang, Xiaolan Zhang, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: bispecific constructs, nanobodies, intestinal inflammation
Objavljeno v RUNG: 27.03.2024; Ogledov: 274; Prenosov: 3
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30. Chemical composition of apple cider : a comparative study of Norwegian and French cidersIngunn Ovsthus, Mitja Martelanc, Tatjana Radovanović, Marko Lesica, Lorena Butinar, Branka Mozetič Vodopivec, Guillaume Antalick, 2024, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: Norwegian apple ciders have recently gained attention at the levels of international competitiveness. Accordingly, a comparative study on the chemical composition of selected Norwegian and French apple ciders was conducted to gain knowledge on what ubiquitous chemical parameters make the Norwegian ciders different from ciders from well-established producing regions. A total of 43 ciders, 24 Norwegian and 19 French, in the category of acidic dominant ciders, were included in the study. Ethanol, individual sugars and organic acids, pH, total phenols, aroma compounds including esters, C6-alcohols, volatile phenols and terpenoids, were analysed. Norwegian ciders showed higher contents in ethanol, malic and citric acids, whereas total phenols, pH, glucose, and fructose were higher in French counterparts. Regarding the aromatic profile, no significant differences were observed for C6-alcohols. In contrast, differences were more expressed in the case of esters and volatile phenols. Norwegian ciders were characterised by higher average concentration for all the groups of esters, with the most important differences measured for higher alcohol acetates. Norwegian ciders also displayed higher contents of 4-vinylphenol and 4-vinylguaiacol while French ciders contained substantially higher levels of 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol. These results are in mutual correlation with the empirical observation reporting Norwegian apple ciders as more acidic, alcoholic and with lighter body but fruitier profile. Whereas French ciders are often perceived with more structure and animalistic profile.
Ključne besede: alcohol, acidity, total phenols, aroma-compounds, apple cider
Objavljeno v RUNG: 25.03.2024; Ogledov: 268; Prenosov: 2
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