61. PHOTO-EXCITATION ENERGY INFLUENCE ON THE PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY OF ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORSNadiia Pastukhova, 2018, doktorska disertacija Opis: In this work, we experimentally studied the influence of photoexcitation energy
influence on the charge transport in organic semiconductors. Organic semiconductors
were small molecules like corannulene, perylene and pentacene derivatives, polymers
such as polythiophene and benzothiophene derivatives, and graphene, along with
combinations of these materials in heterojunctions or composites.
The first part of this study is focused on the photoexcitation energy influence on
the transient photoconductivity of non-crystalline curved π-conjugated corannulene
layers. The enhanced photoconductivity, in the energy range where optical absorption
is absent, is deduced from theoretical predictions of corannulene gas-phase excited
state spectra. Theoretical analysis reveals a consistent contribution involving
transitions to Super Atomic Molecular Orbitals (SAMOs), a unique set of diffuse
orbitals typical of curved π-conjugated molecules. More, the photoconductivity of the
curved corannulene was compared to the π-conjugated planar N,N′-1H,1H-
perfluorobutyldicyanoperylene-carboxydi-imide
(PDIF-CN2),
where
the
photoexcitation energy dependence of photocurrent closely follows the optical
absorption spectrum.
We next characterized charge transport in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) layers
deposited from solution. Our results indicate that time-of-flight (TOF) mobility
depends on the photoexcitation energy. It is 0.4× 10 −3 cm 2 /Vs at 2.3 eV (530 nm) and
doubles at 4.8 eV (260 nm). TOF mobility was compared to field-effect (FET) mobility
of P3HT field-effect transistors (OFETs). The FET mobility was similar to the 2.3 eV
excitation TOF mobility. In order to improve charge mobility, graphene nanoparticles
were blended within a P3HT solution before the deposition. We found that the mobility
significantly improves upon the addition of graphene nanoparticles of a weight ratio
as low as 0.2 %. FET mobility increases with graphene concentration up to a value of
2.3× 10 −2 cm 2 /Vs at 3.2 %. The results demonstrate that phase segregation starts to
influence charge transport at graphene concentration of 0.8 % and above. Hence, the
graphene cannot form a bridged conduction channel between electrodes, which would
cancel the semiconducting effect of the polymer composite.
An alternative approach to enhance mobility is to optimize the molecular ordering
of organic semiconductors. For that purpose, we studied an innovative nanomesh
device. Free-standing nanomesh devices were used to form nanojunctions of N,N′-
iiDioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide (PTCDI-C8) nanowires and crystalline
bis(triisopropylsilylethinyl)pentacene (TIPS-PEN). We characterized the photocurrent
response time of this novel nanomesh scaffold device. The photoresponse time
depends on the photon energy. It is between 4.5 − 5.6 ns at 500 nm excitation
wavelength and between 6.7 − 7.7 ns at 700 nm excitation wavelength. In addition, we
found that thermal annealing reduces charge carrier trapping in crystalline nanowires.
This confirms that the structural defects are crucial to obtaining high photon-to-charge
conversion efficiency and subsequent transport from pn junction in heterostructured
materials.
Structural defects also influence the power conversion efficiency of organic
heterostructured photovoltaics (OPVs). Anticipating that polymers with different
backbone lengths produce different level of structural defects, we examined charge
transport
dependence
on
the
molecular
weight
of
poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-
ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-
ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl]
(PTB7-Th)
from 50 kDa to 300 kDa. We found p-type hopping transport in PTB7-Th,
characterized by 0.1 – 3× 10 −2 cm 2 /Vs mobility, which increases with temperature and
electric field. The polymer molecular weight exhibits a non-trivial influence on charge
transport. FET mobility in the saturation regime increases with molecular weight. A
similar trend is observed in TOF mobility and FET mobility in the linear regime,
except for the 100kDa polymer, which manifests in the highest mobility due to reduced
charge trapping. The lowest trapping at the dielectric interface of OFET is observed at
200 kDa. In addition, the 200 kDa polymer exhibits the lowest activation energy of the
charge transport. Although the 100 kDa polymer indicates the highest mobility, OPVs
using the 200 kDa polymer exhibit the best performance in terms of power conversion
efficiency. Ključne besede: organic
semiconductors, optical
absorption
spectroscopy, time-of-flight
photoconductivity, transient photocurrent spectroscopy, organic thin film transistors, atomic force microscopy, superatomic molecular orbitals, pn heterojunction, organic
nanowires, graphene, composites, charge mobility, charge trapping, temperature
dependence, photodetector, photovoltaic, solar cell, organic electronics Objavljeno v RUNG: 08.10.2018; Ogledov: 5716; Prenosov: 166 Celotno besedilo (4,56 MB) |
62. Bi-magnetic composite nanoplatelets combining hard-magnetic barium hexaferrite core covered with soft magnetic iron oxide layerBlaž Belec, Darko Makovec, Goran Dražić, Benjamin Podmiljšak, Tanja Goršak, Sašo Gyergek, Matej Komelj, Josep Nogues, vabljeno predavanje na konferenci brez natisa Ključne besede: bi-magnetic nanoparticles, composite nanoparticles, exchange coupling Objavljeno v RUNG: 05.06.2018; Ogledov: 3972; Prenosov: 0 Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
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64. Speciation and Determination of Ionic and Trace-Level Colloidal Silver in Selected Personal Care Products by Thermal Lens SpectrometryDorota Korte, Ales Grahovac, Andrej Jerkic, Olga Vajdle, Jasmina Anojčić, Valeria Guzsvány, Bojan Budič, Mladen Franko, 2018, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: Silver nanoparticles, Colloidal silver, Personal care
products, Thermal lens spectrometric determination, Flow injection
analysis Objavljeno v RUNG: 26.02.2018; Ogledov: 4405; Prenosov: 0 Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
65. Reconstructed properties of the sources of UHECR and their dependence on the extragalactic magnetic fieldDavid Wittkowski, Andrej Filipčič, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Ahmed Saleh, Samo Stanič, Marta Trini, Darko Veberič, Serguei Vorobiov, Lili Yang, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, 2017, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Ključne besede: extragalactic magnetic field, Pierre Auger Observatory, sources of UHECR Objavljeno v RUNG: 16.02.2018; Ogledov: 3529; Prenosov: 161 Celotno besedilo (356,61 KB) |
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67. Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Studies with nanostructured n and p-type semiconductor electrodesSaim Emin, Matjaž Valant, 2017, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci (vabljeno predavanje) Opis: Photoelectrochemical water splitting has been demonstrated as a promising way to efficiently split water. Currently, solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency using state-of-the-art material combinations in PEC system is in the order of 7%. Fabrication of nanostructured materials with unique morphologies and compositions is an important factor to fully utilize the possibilities in this field. We will present different strategies for the preparation of nanostructured metal oxide thin films by using electrodeposition and wet-chemistry techniques. Focus will be given on the preparation of ZnO and CuO thin films where intermediate phases like Zn(OH)8Cl2.H2O and CuX (X=Br, Cl) were electrodeposited. Wet-chemistry synthesis techniques will be also explored for the preparation of nanostructured WO3 and a-Fe2O3 thin films. Especially, the hot-pyrolysis technique for the preparation of colloidal W and Fe/Fe-oxide nanoparticles will be shown. Spin-coating of W and Fe/Fe-oxide NPs onto optically conductive substrates and subsequent heat treatment of the obtained films was found to be a convenient way for the preparation of nanostructured WO3 and a-Fe2O3 thin films. Ključne besede: photoelectrochemical water splitting, colloidal nanoparticles, semiconductor Objavljeno v RUNG: 24.10.2017; Ogledov: 4612; Prenosov: 0 Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
68. Metal oxide and metal carbides thin films for photo/electrochemical water splitting studiesSaim Emin, 2017, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Opis: We used wet-chemistry techniques to prepare colloidal tungsten (W) nanoparticles (NPs). The synthesis of W NPs was conducted using the so called hot-matrix method in 1-octadecene [1]. The sizes of obtained W NPs are in the order of 2 - 5 nm. These W NPs are coated with hydrophobic molecules which allow their dispersion in organic solvents like choloroform (CHCl3). It was found that the colloidal stability of the dispersions is exceptionally high exceeding several years. The stability of W NPs which prevents coagulation allows the preparation of thin films with uniform thicknesses by spin-coating, inkjet-printing and spray coating.
We have prepared both tungsten trioxide (WO3) and tungsten carbide (W2C, WC) thin films. The preparation of WO3 thin films was achieved by spin-coating of W NPs on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates and following thermal treatment in air at 500°C. The preparation of W2C and WC were done after spin-coating of W NPs on graphite substrate and following heat treatment under Ar atmosphere at 1000 and 1450°C.
The obtained WO3 and W2C (e.g WC) films were used both in photo/electrochemical water splitting studies. In conclusion, we have developed a procedure for the synthesis of W NPs which can be used for the preparation of different class of materials for water splitting studies. Ključne besede: metal oxides, metal carbides, tungsten nanoparticles Objavljeno v RUNG: 09.10.2017; Ogledov: 5491; Prenosov: 0 Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
69. Tungsten carbide thin films for electrochemical water splitting studiesSaim Emin, Cesur Altinkaya, Ali Semerci, Matjaž Valant, Hasan Okuyucu, Abdullah Yildiz, 2017, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Opis: We used wet-chemistry techniques to prepare colloidal tungsten (W) nanoparticles (NPs). The synthesis of W NPs was conducted using the so called hot-matrix method in 1-octadecene [1]. The sizes of obtained W NPs are in the order of 2 - 5 nm. These W NPs are coated with hydrophobic molecules which allow their dispersion in organic solvents like choloroform (CHCl3). It was found that the colloidal stability of the dispersions is exceptionally high exceeding several years. The stability of W NPs which prevents coagulation allows the preparation of thin films with uniform thicknesses by spin-coating, inkjet-printing and spray coating.
We have prepared tungsten carbide (W2C, WC) thin films. The preparation of W2C and WC was achieved by spin-coating of pre-synthesized W NPs on graphite substrate and following heat treatment under Ar atmosphere at 1000 and 1450°C.
The obtained W2C and WC films were used both in electrochemical water splitting studies. We also made a composite W2C-Pt films where we used only 5 at.% of Pt. The W2C-Pt composite has shown similar performance as pure Pt-C for hydrogen (H2) evolution. In conclusion, we have developed a procedure for the synthesis of W NPs which can be applied for the preparation of tungsten carbides films and their use for electrochemical water splitting. Ključne besede: water splitting, nanoparticles, hot-matrix Objavljeno v RUNG: 09.10.2017; Ogledov: 6181; Prenosov: 0 Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
70. Facile synthesis, structure, biocompatibility and antimicrobial property of gold nanoparticle composites from cellulose and keratinChieu D. Tran, Franja Prosenc, Mladen Franko, 2018, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: A novel, one-pot method was developed to synthesize gold nanoparticle composite from cellulose (CEL), wool keratin (KER) and chloroauric acid. Two ionic liquids, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride and ethylmethylimmidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide were used to dissolve CEL, KER and HAuCl4. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron results show that Au3+ was completely reduced to Au0NPs with size of (5.5 ± 1) nm directly in the composite with NaBH4. Spectroscopy and imaging results indicate that CEL and KER remained chemically intact and were homogeneously distributed in the com- posites with Au0NPs. Encapsulating Au0NPs into [CEL+KER] composite made the composite fully biocom- patible and their bactericidal capabilities were increased by the antibacterial activity of Au0NPs. Specifically, the [CEL+KER+Au0NPs] composite exhibited up to 97% and 98% reduction in growth of antibi- otic resistant bacteria such as vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and was not cytotoxic to human fibroblasts. While [CEL+KER] composite is known to possess some antibacterial activity, the enhanced antibacterial observed here was due solely to added Au0NPs. These results together with our previous finding that [CEL+KER] composites can be used for con- trolled delivery of drugs clearly indicate that the [CEL+KER+Au0NPs] composites possess all required properties for successful use as dressing to treat chronic ulcerous infected wounds. Ključne besede: Ionic liquid
Green
Sustainable
Polysaccharide
Keratin
Wound dressing
Gold nanoparticles Antibiotic-resistant bacteria Objavljeno v RUNG: 27.09.2017; Ogledov: 4538; Prenosov: 0 Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |