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Opis: Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a major component of submicron particulate matter (PM), with significant health and climate impacts. Many cities in emerging countries lack comprehensive knowledge about BC emissions and exposure levels. This study investigates BC concentration levels, identifies its emission sources, and characterizes the optical properties of BC at urban background sites of the two largest high-altitude Bolivian cities: La Paz (LP) (3600 m above sea level) and El Alto (EA) (4050 m a.s.l.), where atmospheric oxygen levels and intense radiation may affect BC production. The study relies on concurrent measurements of equivalent black carbon (eBC), elemental carbon (EC), and refractory black carbon (rBC) and their comparison with analogous data collected at the nearby Chacaltaya Global Atmosphere Watch Station (5240 m a.s.l). The performance of two independent source apportionment techniques was compared: a bilinear model and a least-squares multilinear regression (MLR). Maximum eBC concentrations were observed during the local dry season (LP: eBC = 1.5 ± 1.6 µg m−3; EA: 1.9±2.0 µg m−3). While eBC concentrations are lower at the mountain station, daily transport from urban areas is evident. Average mass absorption cross sections of 6.6–8.2 m2 g−1 were found in the urban area at 637 nm. Both source apportionment methods exhibited a reasonable level of agreement in the contribution of biomass burning (BB) to absorption. The MLR method allowed the estimation of the contribution and the source-specific optical properties for multiple sources, including open waste burning.
Ključne besede: black carbon, aerosol absorption, source apportionment, mass absorption cross-section
Objavljeno v RUNG: 29.10.2024; Ogledov: 222; Prenosov: 0
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Opis: Approximately one hundred sources of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays are known in the Milky Way, detected with a combination of targeted observations and surveys. A survey of the entire Galactic Plane in the energy range from a few tens of GeV to a few hundred TeV has been proposed as a Key Science Project for the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO). This article presents the status of the studies towards the Galactic Plane Survey (GPS). We build and make publicly available a sky model that combines data from recent observations of known gamma-ray emitters with state-of-the-art physically-driven models of synthetic populations of the three main classes of established Galactic VHE sources (pulsar wind nebulae, young and interacting supernova remnants, and compact binary systems), as well as of interstellar emission from cosmic-ray interactions in the Milky Way. We also perform an optimisation of the observation strategy (pointing pattern and scheduling) based on recent estimations of the instrument performance. We use the improved sky model and observation strategy to simulate GPS data corresponding to a total observation time of 1620 hours spread over ten years. Data are then analysed using the methods and software tools under development for real data. Under our model assumptions and for the realisation considered, we show that the GPS has the potential to increase the number of known Galactic VHE emitters by almost a factor of five. This corresponds to the detection of more than two hundred pulsar wind nebulae and a few tens of supernova remnants at average integral fluxes one order of magnitude lower than in the existing sample above 1 TeV, therefore opening the possibility to perform unprecedented population studies. The GPS also has the potential to provide new VHE detections of binary systems and pulsars, to confirm the existence of a hypothetical population of gamma-ray pulsars with an additional TeV emission component, and to detect bright sources capable of accelerating particles to PeV energies (PeVatrons). Furthermore, the GPS will constitute a pathfinder for deeper follow-up observations of these source classes. Finally, we show that we can extract from GPS data an estimate of the contribution to diffuse emission from unresolved sources, and that there are good prospects of detecting interstellar emission and statistically distinguishing different scenarios. Thus, a survey of the entire Galactic plane carried out from both hemispheres with CTAO will ensure a transformational advance in our knowledge of Galactic VHE source populations and interstellar emission.
Ključne besede: very-high-energy gamma rays, Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, CTAO Galactic Plane Survey, galactic cosmic rays, pulsar wind nebulae, supernova remnants, galactic PeVatrons, binary systems, diffuse emission
Objavljeno v RUNG: 28.10.2024; Ogledov: 224; Prenosov: 0
Celotno besedilo (4,26 MB)
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Opis: V prvem delu članka je predstavljena Andrićeva reprezentacija Slovenk v potopisnem in esejističnem diskurzu v ZNAMENJU OB POTI (ZNAKOVI PORED PUTA, 1976) in tekstu O POČITNICAH V SLOVENIJI (O LETOVANJU U SLOVENIJI, 1981). Njegovi opisi slovenske ženske so analizirani z vidika študijev spolov in ženskih podob v cilju razumevanja pomena izpostavljenih značilnosti Andrićevih Slovenk. Drugi del članka je posvečen povezanosti Iva Andrića z ženskami slovenskega literarnega sistema. Poudarjeno je nekaj ključnih točk, kot so Andrićev prevod Vide Jeraj v srbohrvaščino, njegovo pismo ob smrti Zofke Kveder ter odzivi Mire Mihelič in Zlate Vokač na njegovo delo.
Ključne besede: recepcija, reprezentacija žensk, srbski književniki
Objavljeno v RUNG: 25.10.2024; Ogledov: 190; Prenosov: 0
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Opis: Delo zavzema raziskovanje suženjskega vsakdana v času starega Rima ter omembe sužnjev na epigrafskih spomenikih v nekdanjem rimskem provincialnem mestu Celeja. Rimsko cesarstvo je bilo v svojem času zelo razvito, zato so rimski voditelji iz dneva v dan želeli več, tako v razvitosti kot tudi pri geografski širitvi. Ker pa je bilo idej veliko, delovne sile, ki bi jih uresničila pa ne, so v Rimu začeli uveljavljati družbenogospodarsko ureditev, ki je danes poznana pod terminom suženjstvo.
Ključne besede: diplomske naloge, obdobje starega Rima, suženjstvo, suženjska dela, gladiatorji, gladiatorske šole, Kolosej, krščanstvo, epigrafski spomeniki, Celeia
Objavljeno v RUNG: 24.10.2024; Ogledov: 169; Prenosov: 4
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Opis: This paper will discuss the work of Roksanda Njeguš (1915–2009) in the context of Serbian literature. Roksanda Njeguš was a translator from Slovenian and Italian into Serbo-Croatian, a writer, and a cultural worker. She published a book of literary reportage Normirac u srcu (1949) and the novels Kidanje (1959), Stolice na kiši (1978), and Otpisani iz ružičaste zone (1998). This paper aims to outline one possible line of interpretation of the author’s oeuvre regarding the broader political and cultural context of its creation. The author’s narrative focus is women’s experience during the National Liberation Struggle, and her last novel is dedicated to the breakup of Yugoslavia. Therefore, this work will attempt to view her novels as a literary chronicle of Socialist Yugoslavia through the female experience of struggle. By analysing her novels, this paper will critically reevaluate the author’s marginal position in the canon of the Serbian literary system.
Ključne besede: Serbian literature, gender perspective, socialist Yugoslavia
Objavljeno v RUNG: 23.10.2024; Ogledov: 216; Prenosov: 1
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