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61.
Determination of bioavailable Fe redox fractions of sediment pore waters by DGT passive sampling and BDS detection
Hanna Budasheva, Dorota Korte, Arne Bratkič, Mladen Franko, 2019, published scientific conference contribution abstract

Abstract: The bioavailability and toxicity of contaminants in sediments to benthic organisms depend on the speciation of the contaminant [1]. The level of iron supply to sediments creates contrasting chemical pathways, each producing distinctive mineral assemblag- es. Reliable measurement of Fe redox species (Fe2+ and Fe3+) in sediments is essential for studies of pollutants or trace-element cycling. This is, however, a difficult task, because the distribution of chemical species often changes during sampling and storage. In this work the Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films technique (DGT) is investigated as a passive sampling approach used in combination with photothermal beam deflection spectroscopy (BDS) as a detection method for determination of labile Fe-redox species in sediments and natural waters. DGT offers the advantage of pre-concentration of labile (i.e. bioavailable) Fe species from the total dissolved Fe pool in sediment pore waters [2]. The advantage of using BDS [3-4] is also in avoiding contamination by using additional steps as extraction or pre-concentration. Furthermore, combined DGT-BDS provides 2D information about distribution of Fe2+ and the total Fe content in the resin hydrogels [5]. The goal of this research is to show the repeatability of this technique for determining trace amounts of Fe redox species in environmental samples.
Keywords: beam deflection spectrometry, diffusive gradients in thin-films, iron species
Published in RUNG: 16.07.2019; Views: 3340; Downloads: 0
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62.
Modulation of Pinot Noir wine colour by yeast selection
Jelena Topić Božič, Lorena Butinar, Dorota Korte, Branka Mozetič Vodopivec, 2019, published scientific conference contribution abstract

Keywords: yeast, HCDC activity, wine colour, Pinot Noir, pyranoanthocyanins
Published in RUNG: 27.05.2019; Views: 3349; Downloads: 0
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63.
Photothermal lens technique: a comparison between conventional and self-mixing schemes
Humberto Cabrera, Imrana Ashraf, Fatima Matroodi, Evelio E. Ramírez-Miquet, Jehan Akbar, Jose Juan Suárez-Vargas, John Fredy Barrera Ramírez, Dorota Korte, Hanna Budasheva, Joseph J. Niemela, 2019, original scientific article

Abstract: This work focuses on assessing the analytical capabilities of a new photothermal lens method based on the self-mixing effect to reliably measure metallic traces in water-ethanol solutions. We compare it with the conventional thermal lens scheme, considering the low detection limit and versatility. A theoretical model is presented to describe the laser power variations as a function of the photothermal parameters of the analyzed sample. The experimental results demonstrate that the laser intensity variations, induced by the external optical feedback, are governed by the photothermal lens effect. Measurements of Fe(II)-1,10-phenanthroline in water–ethanol solutions show a favourable correspondence and agreement with the theory. The low detection limits obtained by the two analytic techniques also agree very well. Nevertheless, our instrument presents advantages regarding compactness and simplicity, suggesting that this platform could be potentially useful as a robust analytical tool for metallic trace detection. In addition, calibration of the method is performed by measuring the so-called self-mixing constant.
Keywords: thermal lens, photothermal spectroscopy, self-mixing effect, trace detection
Published in RUNG: 05.04.2019; Views: 3292; Downloads: 0
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Determination of Dissolved Iron Redox Species in Freshwater Sediment using DGT Technique Coupled to BDS
Hanna Budasheva, Aleksander Kravos, Dorota Korte, Arne Bratkič, Yue Gao, Mladen Franko, 2019, original scientific article

Abstract: In this work we have developed a novel method for determination of iron redox species by the use of diffusive gradients in thin-film (DGT) technique coupled to photothermal beam deflection spectroscopy (BDS). The combination of both methods achieved low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.14 μM for Fe (II) ions. The total Fe concentration determined in the Vrtojbica river sediment (Slovenia, Rožna Dolina, 5000 Nova Gorica) was 49.3 μgL–1. The Fe (II) and Fe (III) concentra- tion amounted to 12.8 μgL–1 and 39.9 μgL–1, respectively. Such an approach opens new opportunities for monitoring the content of iron species in natural waters and sediments and provides highly sensitive chemical analysis and an accurate qualitative and quantitative characteristic of the materials under study.
Keywords: Beam deflection spectroscopy, diffusive gradients in thin-film technique, iron redox species, photothermal techniques, sediment
Published in RUNG: 26.02.2019; Views: 3613; Downloads: 114
.pdf Full text (452,58 KB)

66.
Določevanje železa v naravnih vodah s tehniko FIA-TLS
Gaja Tomsič, 2019, master's thesis

Abstract: Vodni organizmi potrebujejo železo za bistvene metabolne procese. Vendar pa se večina raztopljenega železa v vodi, ki ni vezana na organske molekule ali kompleksirana z anorganskimi ligandi, oksidira v železove ione Fe(III) in tvori oborino Fe(OH)3. Zato je aktivnost biomase na vodni gladini pogosto omejena z razpoložljivostjo raztopljenega železa, ki je lahko nižja od 1 nM. To dejstvo lahko vpliva tudi na širše okolje, saj ima vpliv na hitrost fiksiranja CO2 zaradi fotosinteze avtotrofne biomase. Določanje elementov v sledovih, med katerimi je tudi železo, predstavlja zaradi kompleksnosti naravne vode izziv. Določitev koncentracije železa je v preteklosti zahtevala predhodno koncentracijo vzorca z ekstrakcijo s topilom. V tem delu poročamo o rezultatih spektrometrije s toplotnimi lečami s pretočno injekcijsko analizo, ki ne potrebuje predkoncentracije železa v vzorcu. Koncentracije železa v različnih redoks oblikah smo določali s pretočno injekcijsko analizo (FIA) z uporabo 1,10 - fenantrolina, ki kompleksira železove Fe(II) ione v stabilen kompleks z absorpcijskim maksimumom pri 508 nm. Skupno količino raztopljenega železa (Fe(II) in Fe(III)) smo določili po redukciji Fe(III) iona v Fe(II) z askorbinsko kislino. V sistemu FIA smo za detekcijo uporabili spektrometer s toplotnimi lečami (TLS); tipalni žarek je imel valovno dolžino 633 nm, vzbujevalni pa 450 nm ali 530 nm. Posledica absorpcije svetlobe vzbujevalnega žarka je segrevanje vzorca zaradi neradiacijske relaksacije absorbirane energije. Tvori se toplotna leča (TL). Detekcija temelji na razprševanju tipalnega žarka na TL. Analize vzorcev smo izvajali v »šaržnem« in »on-line« načinu. Z »on-line« konfiguracijo (1,10 - fenantrolin je sestavljal nosilno raztopino za FIA) smo lahko injicirali vzorce brez kakršnekoli predhodne priprave ali dodajanja reagentov, razen askorbinske kisline pri določevanju skupnega železa. V tem magistrskem delu smo primerjali spodnje meje detekcije (LOD) različnih tehnik in pogojev (valovne dolžine laserske svetlobe in koncentracija nosilne raztopine v pretočnem sistemu) s ciljem, da bi dosegli najboljšo občutljivost za železove ione. FIA-TLS je primerna tudi za tehniko standardnega dodatka. Uporabnost in pravilnost FIA-TLS smo preverili z določevanjem koncentracij železa v rečni vodi.
Keywords: železove zvrsti, pretočna injekcijska analiza (FIA), spektrometrija s toplotnimi lečami (TLS)
Published in RUNG: 19.02.2019; Views: 4794; Downloads: 140
.pdf Full text (2,30 MB)

67.
Characterization of lactic bacteria for biogenic amine formation
Jelena Topic, Lorena Butinar, Martina Bergant Marušič, Dorota Korte, Branka Mozetič Vodopivec, 2018, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph

Abstract: Biogenic amines are compounds present in many different foods and beverages (wine, beer, dairy products, fermented vegetables and soy products, fish, etc.). Their presence in foodstuff is a result of a microbial action during storage and ageing. The most important are histamine, tryptamine, β-phenylethylamine and tryptamine, which can induce undesirable physiological effects in humans. They are formed through decarboxylation of corresponding amino acids, through the action of enzymes. Consumption of food containing biogenic amines can lead to food poisoning such as histamine poisoning. Histamine, the most studied biogenic amine, is known to cause headaches, oedema, vomiting, etc. [1]–[4]. Monitoring of the content of biogenic amines in foods is of concern for public health in their relation to the food safety, food spoilage and food intolerance. Because microorganisms are used in food productions as starters and biopreservers, characterization of microorganisms for their ability to produce biogenic amines is equally important. Lactic acid bacteria are often used as biopreservers as they can produce antimicrobial metabolites and antifungal peptides. Some strains can also produce undesirable biogenic amines [5]. In order to use lactic acid bacteria as starters or biopreservers, the selection of strains that would not produce biogenic amines is necessary. When considering studies of biogenic amines in foods, focus should be on developing new or improving analysis methods for biogenic amines detection. Secondly, the connections between microorganisms capable of producing biogenic amines and the content of biogenic amines in foods should be investigated [3]. The most widely technique used for quantification of biogenic amines in foodstuff is liquid chromatography, Alternatively to chromatographic techniques, other techniques such as enzymatic biosensors, ELISA and flow-injection analysis have also been employed. Sensors are interesting due to the fact that they do not require special instrumentations, and there is no need for sample clean-up and derivatization, which are the main drawback of chromatographic methods [4]. Detection of biogenic amines producing lactic bacteria is important due to the concerns for public health and there is a need for the early and rapid detection of such microorganisms. Most of the methods that are used for screening involved the measurement of amino acid-decarboxylase activity, although there were been some methods reported that used differential media and pH indicators. Nowadays, molecular methods are replacing culture methods. Molecular approaches are used to determine the presence or absence of genes responsible for biogenic amines formation. The main advantages of DNA hybridization and PCR methods are speed, simplicity, sensitivity and specificity as they allow detection of targeted genes. Culture independent methods which are based on PCR techniques are now regarded as most suitable methods for screening isolates [5]. [1] A. R. Shalaby, “Significance of biogenic amines to food safety and human health,” Food Res. Int., vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 675–690, Oct. 1996. [2] J. M. Landete, S. Ferrer, and I. Pardo, “Biogenic amine production by lactic acid bacteria, acetic bacteria and yeast isolated from wine,” Food Control, vol. 18, pp. 1569–1574, 2007. [3] F. B. Erim, “Recent analytical approaches to the analysis of biogenic amines in food samples,” TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry, vol. 52. pp. 239–247, 2013. [4] J. L. Ordóñez, A. M. Troncoso, M. D. C. García-Parrilla, and R. M. Callejón, “Recent trends in the determination of biogenic amines in fermented beverages – A review,” Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 939. pp. 10–25, 2016. [5] R. M. Elsanhoty and M. F. Ramadan, “Genetic screening of biogenic amines production capacity from some lactic acid bacteria strains,” Food Control, vol. 68, pp. 220–228, Oct. 2016.
Keywords: lactic bacteria, biogenic amines
Published in RUNG: 13.12.2018; Views: 3369; Downloads: 0
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68.
Določevanje aktivnosti AChE encima v človeškem serumu z uporabo FIA-TLS metode : Magistrsko delo
Andrej Jerkič, 2018, master's thesis

Abstract: Acetilholinesteraza (AChE) in butirilholinesteraza (BChE) sta encima, odgovorna za razgradnjo nevrotransmitorja acetilholina oziroma butirilholina. Encima spadata v skupino holinesteraz in imata poleg razgradnje nevrotransmiterjev pomembno vlogo v telesu kot indikatorja za različne bolezni ter zastrupitve z organofosfati in drugimi kemikalijami. Cilji magistrskega dela so razviti občutljivo metodo za določevanje aktivnosti AChE encima v človeškem serumu, določiti celokupno aktivnost AChE ter BChE encimov v vzorcih človeškega seruma neznanih pacientov z uporabo FIA-TLS tehnike ter izmeriti aktivnost AChE v človeškem serumu z uporabo inhibitorja BChE. Opravili smo meritve kinetike pretvorbe acetiltioholina v 5-tio-2-nitrobenzoat (TNB), na podlagi katerih smo izračunali specifično aktivnost AChE encima in aktivnosti različnih njegovih redčitev ter izvedli spektralno karakterizacijo proučevanih vzorcev. Vzorce AChE encima smo pripravili v raztopini 5,5'DITIO-bis (2-nitrobenzoični) kislini (reagent) in raztopini acetiltioholin jodida (substrat). Ugotovili smo, da je absorpcijski vrh za raztopine AChE pri valovni dolžini približno 412 nm. Z meritvami absorpcijskega spektra različnih redčitev AChE smo ugotovili, da absorbanca hitreje narašča v vzorcih z višjo koncentracijo AChE, ker se je povečevala aktivnost encima. Ugotovili smo tudi, da z nižanjem molarnosti DTNB iz 0,50 mM na 0,05 mM lahko znižamo LOD metode zaradi znižanja vrednosti signala slepega vzorca. Tega ne moremo trditi pri znižanju koncentracije DTNB iz 0,05 mM na 0,025 mM zaradi nepopolne reakcije med acetilholinom (ACh), 5-tio-2-nitrobenzoatom (TNB) in acetilholinesterazo (AChE). Metodo FIA-TLS smo optimizirali z uporabo daljše mešalne zanke ter s povečanjem moči vzbujevalnega žarka. Z optimizacijo FIA-TLS sistema nam je uspelo izmeriti vrednosti TLS signala vzorcev z nižjo koncentracijo AChE encima (70 μV) v primerjavi z neoptimiziranim TLS sistemom (110 μV). Izračunana vrednost LOD UV-Vis metode znaša 3,6 mU/ml, medtem ko za FIA-TLS metodo znaša 0,6 mU/ml. V prvem sklopu meritev smo izmerili 14 vzorcev krvnega seruma. Aktivnosti celotne ChE v teh vzorcih znašajo med 2118 mU/ml in 15172 mU/ml, povprečna aktivnost BChE in AChE v vzorcih znaša 4561 mU/ml, mediana meritev pa znaša 2964 mU/ml. V drugem sklopu meritev smo merili 19 vzorcev krvnega seruma z in brez dodatka BChE inhibitorja. Aktivnosti vzorcev brez BChE inhibitorja (celotne ChE) znašajo med 1642 mU/ml in 5958 mU/ml s povprečno vrednostjo 2910 mU/ml in mediano 2228 mU/ml, medtem ko aktivnosti istih vzorcev z dodanim inhibitorjem (samo AChE) znašajo od 519 mU/ml do 1118 mU/ml s povprečno vrednostjo 822 mU/ml in mediano 816 mU/ml. Po dodatku BChE se je aktivnost ChE v vzorcih v povprečju zmanjšala za 3,5-krat oziroma od 55 % do 85 %.
Keywords: Acetilholinesteraza, butirilholinesteraza, FIA-TLS, aktivnost AChE encima, inhibicija BChE encima
Published in RUNG: 30.11.2018; Views: 4638; Downloads: 173
.pdf Full text (2,51 MB)

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