1. Cluster-lensed supernova yields from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and Nancy Grace Roman Space TelescopeMateusz Bronikowski, Tanja Petrushevska, Justin Pierel, A. Acebron, D. Donevski, B. Apostolova, Nadejda Blagorodnova, Taj Jankovič, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Through gravitational lensing, galaxy clusters can magnify supernovae (SNe) and thereby create multiple images of the same SN. This enables measurements of cosmological parameters (primarily the Hubble constant), which will be increasingly important in the context of upcoming surveys from the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope ( Roman ) and Vera C. Rubin Observatory. We study the prospects of detecting strongly lensed supernovae in cluster fiels with Roman 's High Latitude Time Domain Survey (HLTDS) and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). We employed two approaches: one focusing on known multiply imaged galaxies (arcs) behind cluster fields, along with the SN rates specific to those galaxies (arc-specific), while the second is based on the expected number of lensed SNe exploding in a given volume behind a galaxy cluster (volumetric). We collected all the clusters in the literature that feature a) a well-constrained lens model and b) multiply imaged galaxies behind clusters with high-quality data for the multiply imaged galaxies behind clusters. This allowed us to determine the supernova rate for each galaxy. We provide predictions for 46 clusters visible to the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, as well as for 9 observable by Roman ’s HLTDS, depending on whether the clusters fall within the survey’s observing field. We predict that the number of multiply imaged SNe discovered by LSST in its first three years is $3.95 ± 0.89$ from the first approach or $4.94±1.02$ from the second. Based on the current proposed observing strategy for the HLTDS, which specifies the requirements on galactic and ecliptic latitudes, the expected number of multiply imaged supernovae ranges from $0.38 ± 0.15$ to $5.2 ± 2.2$, depending on the specific cluster observed. However, the exact fields to be targeted remain a matter of discussion. We conclude that LSST offers great prospects for detecting multiply imaged SNe. If adequate follow-up campaigns are conducted, these capabilities will enable measurements of cosmological parameters independent of conventional probes. These predictions are effectively lower limits, as we only considered the most massive and well-studied clusters in the present work. Here, we provide a recommendation for HLTDS observing field selection, namely: either MACS J0553.4-3342 or Abell 1758a should be observed by the survey to maximize the number of potential multiply imaged SN discoveries. Keywords: supernovae, gravitational lensing Published in RUNG: 14.05.2025; Views: 435; Downloads: 6
Full text (3,67 MB) This document has many files! More... |
2. LensWatch. II. improved photometry and time-delay constraints on the strongly lensed type Ia supernova 2022qmx ("SN Zwicky") with Hubble Space Telescope template observationsC. Larison, Justin Pierel, M. J. B. Newman, S. W. Jha, D. Gilman, E. E. Hayes, A. Agrawal, N. Arendse, Mateusz Bronikowski, Tanja Petrushevska, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Abstract
Strongly lensed supernovae (SNe) are a rare class of transient that can offer tight cosmological constraints that are complementary to methods from other astronomical events. We present a follow-up study of one recently discovered strongly lensed SN, the quadruply imaged type Ia SN 2022qmx (aka “SN Zwicky”), at z = 0.3544. We measure updated, template-subtracted photometry for SN Zwicky and derive improved time delays and magnifications. This is possible because SNe are transient, fading away after reaching their peak brightness. Specifically, we measure point-spread-function photometry for all four images of SN Zwicky in three Hubble Space Telescope WFC3/UVIS passbands (F475W, F625W, and F814W) and one WFC3/IR passband (F160W), with template images taken ∼11 months after the epoch in which the SN images appear. We find consistency to within 2σ between lens-model-predicted time delays (≲1 day) and measured time delays with HST colors (≲2 days), including the uncertainty from chromatic microlensing that may arise from stars in the lensing galaxy. The standardizable nature of SNe Ia allows us to estimate absolute magnifications for the four images, with images A and C being elevated in magnification compared to lens model predictions by about 6σ and 3σ, respectively, confirming previous work. We show that millilensing or differential dust extinction is unable to explain these discrepancies, and we find evidence for the existence of microlensing in images A, C, and potentially D that may contribute to the anomalous magnification. Keywords: supernova, strong lensing, astronomy Published in RUNG: 10.03.2025; Views: 838; Downloads: 9
Full text (1,27 MB) This document has many files! More... |
3. Spectroscopic analysis of the strongly lensed SN Encore : constraints on cosmic evolution of Type Ia supernovaeS. Dhawan, Justin Pierel, M. Gu, A. B. Newman, C. Larison, M. Siebert, Tanja Petrushevska, F. Poidevin, S. W. Jha, W. Chen, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Abstract
Strong gravitational lensing magnifies the light from a background source, allowing us to study these sources in detail. Here, we study the spectra of a z = 1.95 lensed Type Ia supernova SN Encore for its brightest Image A, taken 39 days apart. We infer the spectral age with template matching using the supernova identification (SNID) software and find the spectra to be at 29.0 ±5.0 and 37.4 ±2.8 rest-frame days post maximum respectively, consistent with separation in the observer frame after accounting for time-dilation. Since SNe Ia measure dark energy properties by providing relative distances between low- and high-z SNe, it is important to test for evolution of spectroscopic properties. Comparing the spectra to composite low-z SN Ia spectra, we find strong evidence for similarity between the local sample and SN Encore. The line velocities of common SN Ia spectral lines, Si II 6355 and Ca II NIR triplet are consistent with the distribution for the low-z sample as well as other lensed SNe Ia, e.g. iPTF16geu (z = 0.409)and SN H0pe (z = 1.78). The consistency between the low-z sample and lensed SNe at high-z suggests no obvious cosmic evolution demonstrating their using as high-z distance indicators, though this needs to be confirmed/refuted via a larger sample. We also find that the spectra of SN Encore match the predictions for explosion models very well. With future large samples of lensed SNe Ia e.g. with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, spectra at such late phases will be important to distinguish between different explosion scenarios. Keywords: Encore, supernovae Published in RUNG: 29.10.2024; Views: 1274; Downloads: 8
Full text (16,35 MB) This document has many files! More... |
4. Lensed type Ia supernova “Encore” at z=2 : the first instance of two multiply imaged supernovae in the same host galaxyJustin Pierel, A. B. Newman, S. Dhawan, M. Gu, B. A. Joshi, T. Li, S. Schuldt, L. G. Strolger, S. H. Suyu, Tanja Petrushevska, 2024, original scientific article Keywords: supernova, James Webb Space Telescope, Hubble constant Published in RUNG: 31.05.2024; Views: 1828; Downloads: 11
Full text (953,07 KB) This document has many files! More... |
5. JWST photometric time-delay and magnification measurements for the triply imaged type ia "SN H0pe" at z=1.78Justin Pierel, B. L. Frye, M. Pascale, Gabriel Bartosch Caminha, W. Chen, S. Dhawan, D. Gilman, M. Grayling, Mateusz Bronikowski, Tanja Petrushevska, 2024, original scientific article Keywords: supernova, strong lensing, cosmology, Hubble constant, James Webb Space Telescope Published in RUNG: 21.05.2024; Views: 2022; Downloads: 13
Full text (1,37 MB) This document has many files! More... |
6. LensWatch. I. resolved HST observations and constraints on the strongly lensed type Ia supernova 2022qmx (ʺSN Zwickyʺ)Justin Pierel, N. Arendse, S. Ertl, X. Huang, L. A. Moustakas, S. Schuldt, A. J. Shajib, Y. Shu, Mateusz Bronikowski, Tanja Petrushevska, 2023, original scientific article Keywords: supernova, strong lensing, astronomy Published in RUNG: 16.05.2023; Views: 3629; Downloads: 15
Full text (3,48 MB) This document has many files! More... |
7. Cluster-lensed supernovae with the Roman Space Telescope and Vera Rubin observatoryMateusz Bronikowski, Tanja Petrushevska, Justin Pierel, 2022, published scientific conference contribution abstract Abstract: I will present our current efforts to enable the use of strongly lensed supernovae behind galaxy clusters as powerful tools to tackle several open questions in astrophysics and cosmology. As a preparatory task, we are collecting all available gravitational telescopes into a database, and estimating the properties of all reported multiply-imaged galaxies behind clusters. We are building a tool that will enable accurate estimates of cluster-lensed supernova yields for a given survey. In addition, we are developing the methods to extract the cosmological parameters from cluster-lensed supernovae in the Rubin and Roman data. Keywords: supernova, gravitational lensing, Vera Rubin Observatory, Roman Space telescope, LSST, Hubble constant Published in RUNG: 09.11.2022; Views: 2734; Downloads: 9
Link to full text This document has many files! More... |
8. Atmospheric chemistry and physics in the atmosphere of a developed megacity (London): An overview of the REPARTEE experiment and its conclusionsRoy M Harrison, Manuel DallOsto, David C S Beddows, Alistair J Thorpe, William J Bloss, James D Allan, Hugh Coe, James R Dorsey, Martin W Gallagher, Claire Martin, John Whitehead, Paul I Williams, Roderick L Jones, Justin M Langridge, A K Benton, Stephen M Ball, Ben Langford, C Nicholas Hewitt, Brian Davison, Damien Martin, K Fredrik Peterson, Stephen J Henshaw, Iain R. White, Dudley E Shallcross, Janet F Barlow, Tyrone Dunbar, Fay Davies, Eiko Nemitz, Gavin J Phillips, Carole Helfter, Chiara F Di Marco, Steven Smith, 2012, review article Abstract: The Regents Park and Tower Environmental Experiment (REPARTEE) comprised two campaigns in London in October 2006 and October/November 2007. The experiment design involved measurements at a heavily trafficked roadside site, two urban background sites and an elevated site at 160-190 m above ground on the BT Tower, supplemented in the second campaign by Doppler lidar measurements of atmospheric vertical structure. A wide range of measurements of airborne particle physical metrics and chemical composition were made as well as measurements of a considerable range of gas phase species and the fluxes of both particulate and gas phase substances. Significant findings include (a) demonstration of the evaporation of traffic-generated nanoparticles during both horizontal and vertical atmospheric transport; (b) generation of a large base of information on the fluxes of nanoparticles, accumulation mode particles and specific chemical components of the aerosol and a range of gas phase species, as well as the elucidation of key processes and comparison with emissions inventories; (c) quantification of vertical gradients in selected aerosol and trace gas species which has demonstrated the important role of regional transport in influencing concentrations of sulphate, nitrate and secondary organic compounds within the atmosphere of London; (d) generation of new data on the atmospheric structure and turbulence above London, including the estimation of mixed layer depths; (e) provision of new data on trace gas dispersion in the urban atmosphere through the release of purposeful tracers; (f) the determination of spatial differences in aerosol particle size distributions and their interpretation in terms of sources and physico-chemical transformations; (g) studies of the nocturnal oxidation of nitrogen oxides and of the diurnal behaviour of nitrate aerosol in the urban atmosphere, and (h) new information on the chemical composition and source apportionment of particulate matter size fractions in the atmosphere of London derived both from bulk chemical analysis and aerosol mass spectrometry with two instrument types. Keywords: megacity, trace gas, urban atmosphere, atmospheric transport, chemical composition, aerosol Published in RUNG: 18.07.2019; Views: 4915; Downloads: 0 This document has many files! More... |
9. Dispersion experiments in central London: The 2007 DAPPLE projectCurtis R Wood, Samantha J Arnold, Ahmed A Balogun, Janet F Barlow, Stephen E Belcher, Rex E Britter, Hong Cheng, Adrian Dobre, Justin J N Lingard, Damien Martin, Marina K Neophytou, Fredrik K Petersson, Alan G Robins, Dudley E. Shallcross, Robert J Smalley, James E Tate, Alison S Tomlin, Iain R. White, 2009, original scientific article Abstract: In the event of a release of toxic gas in the center of London, emergency services personnel would need to determine quickly the extent of the area contaminated. The transport of pollutants by turbulent flow within the complex streets and building architecture of London, United Kingdom, is not straightforward, and we might wonder whether it is at all possible to make a scientifically reasoned decision. Here, we describe recent progress from a major U.K. project, Dispersion of Air Pollution and its Penetration into the Local Environment (DAPPLE; information online at www.dapple.org.uk). In DAPPLE, we focus on the movement of airborne pollutants in cities by developing a greater understanding of atmospheric flow and dispersion within urban street networks. In particular, we carried out full-scale dispersion experiments in central London from 2003 through 2008 to address the extent of the dispersion of tracers following their release at street level. These measurements complemented previous studies because 1) our focus was on dispersion within the first kilometer from the source, when most of the material was expected to remain within the street network rather than being mixed into the boundary layer aloft; 2) measurements were made under a wide variety of meteorological conditions; and 3) central London represents a European, rather than North American, city geometry. Interpretation of the results from the full-scale experiments was supported by extensive numerical and wind tunnel modeling, which allowed more detailed analysis under idealized and controlled conditions. In this article, we review the full-scale DAPPLE methodologies and show early results from the analysis of the 2007 field campaign data. Keywords: Air quality, Atmospheric thermodynamics, Dispersions, Experiments Published in RUNG: 18.07.2019; Views: 5596; Downloads: 0 This document has many files! More... |
10. |