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1.
Biotechnological recycling and recovery of metals from secondary raw materials through biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles
Svetlin Toshev, Alexandre Loukanov, Saim Emin, Seilichiro Nakabayashi, 2021, original scientific article

Abstract: The waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is an important secondary source for renewable extraction of valuable metals and raw materials. The mineral biotechnologies are promising alternative to the current industrial chemical technologies for waste treatment, which are often accompanied with negative environmental impact. Here we report a systematic biotechnological strategy for recycling, recovering and extraction of metals from WEEE as biogenic formed nanoparticles. The process is based on two general steps – bioleaching (through autotrophic/heterotrophic bacteria), and extraction from the effluent as biosynthesised nanoscale materials. The obtained analytical data revealed that copper was bioleached in the form of nanoparticles, the efficiency being more than 90 %, which was the highest achieved value in comparison with the other metals. The recovered content of gold was less than 50 %, but the efforts for improvement of microbial leaching efficiency of Au are still in progress. The reported eco–friendly biotechnological approach enables proper implementation of new resource recovery–oriented recycling strategies with reduced risk of negative impact on nature.
Keywords: biotechnological recycling, secondary raw materials, nanoparticles
Published in RUNG: 10.01.2025; Views: 101; Downloads: 0
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2.
Electron Microscopic Visualization of Complementary Labeled DNA With Platinum-Containing Guanine Derivative
Alexandre Loukanov, Chavdar Filipov, Polina Mladenova, Svetlin Toshev, Saim Emin, 2016, original scientific article

Abstract: The object of the present report is to provide a method for a visualization of DNA in TEM by complementary labeling of cytosine with guanine derivative, which contains platinum as contrast-enhanced heavy element. The stretched single-chain DNA was obtained by modifying double-stranded DNA. The labeling method comprises the following steps: (i) stretching and adsorption of DNA on the support film of an electron microscope grid (the hydrophobic carbon film holding negative charged DNA); (ii) complementary labeling of the cytosine bases from the stretched single-stranded DNA pieces on the support film with platinum containing guanine derivative to form base-specific hydrogen bond; and (iii) producing a magnified image of the base-specific labeled DNA. Stretched single-stranded DNA on a support film is obtained by a rapid elongation of DNA pieces on the surface between air and aqueous buffer solution. The attached platinum-containing guanine derivative serves as a high-dense marker and it can be discriminated from the surrounding background of support carbon film and visualized by use of conventional TEM observation at 100 kV accelerated voltage. This method allows examination of specific nucleic macromolecules through atom-by-atom analysis and it is promising way toward future DNA-sequencing or molecular diagnostics of nucleic acids by electron microscopic observation.
Keywords: DNA stretching and visualization, contrast-enhanced Pt-containing guanine, DNA sequences
Published in RUNG: 02.02.2017; Views: 5704; Downloads: 0
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