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Uncovering the life of a transgender person in Pakistan : diploma thesis
Reeba Sufyan, 2021, undergraduate thesis

Abstract: Documentary photography is the narrative based on facts and records of events in a report format. Although racial injustice and biased differences were common initially, the underlying objectivity of this thesis involves the main aim to display the utmost reality. It is a way to report stark realities that come into perspective with images of persons, places, or events. On the other hand, it is a form of representation from the photographer’s point of view. Although, there is no denying that a picture represents a thousand words and displays several perspectives. As a source of revealing the importance of documentary photography in the Indian subcontinent, this thesis will help to expose the sore point of a country that belittles a community of transgender persons. This photography documentary is showing the cruelty that is confronted by transgender persons in Pakistan. Based upon the timeline of nine months, the comparative study of two transgender persons reflects the complexity of their survival. My photography documentary has captured and frozen the instances from the daily existence of transgender persons, focusing on their lifestyle, living conditions, community environment, and personal life. Transgender identity, by birth or by choice, is a chilling fact marginalizing a person to a community where existence is difficult.
Keywords: Photography, Story, Documentary, Transgender, Pakistan, Narrative, Picture, Life, Documentary photography
Published in RUNG: 09.09.2021; Views: 2408; Downloads: 142
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3.
Quantifiers and pragmatic enrichment
Penka Stateva, unpublished invited conference lecture

Abstract: One of the most studied scales in the literature on scalar implicatures is the quantifier scale. While the truth of 'some' is entailed by the truth of 'all', 'some' is felicitous only when 'all' is false. This opens the possibility that 'some' would be felicitous if, e.g., almost all of the objects in the restriction of the quantifier have the property ascribed by the nuclear scope. This prediction from the standard theory of quantifier interpretation clashes with native speakers’ intuitions. In Experiment 1 we report a questionnaire study on the perception of quantifier meanings in English, French, Slovenian and German which points to a cross-linguistic variation with respect to the perception of numerical bounds of the existential quantifier. In Experiment 2, using a picture choice task, we further examine whether the numerical bound differences correlate with differences in pragmatic interpretations of the quantifier 'some' in English and 'quelques' in French and interpret the results as supporting our hypothesis that 'some' and its cross-linguistic counterparts are subjected to different processes of pragmatic enrichment.
Keywords: quantifier, cross-linguistic variation, experimental pragmatics, picture choice task
Published in RUNG: 15.05.2019; Views: 3116; Downloads: 0
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4.
On the nature of the plurality inference
Penka Stateva, Sara Andreetta, Arthur Stepanov, unpublished invited conference lecture

Keywords: Plural, implicature, presupposition, sentence-picture verification task, pragmatics
Published in RUNG: 07.02.2018; Views: 3604; Downloads: 0
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5.
Two “many”-words in Slovenian : Experimental evidence for pragmatic strengthening
Penka Stateva, Arthur Stepanov, 2017, original scientific article

Abstract: Slovenian features at least two lexical items that are potential semantic counterparts of the English many, namely "veliko" and "precej", whose meaning appears close to identical. Yet speakers are certain that the two items are not equivalent, although they find intuitively felt differences hard to pinpoint. We argue that "precej" and "veliko" are lexically synonymous, but their meanings are pragmatically strengthened under relevant conditions, which leads to subtle interpretative differences. Specifically, we extend Krifka’s (2007) analysis of double negatives and propose that "veliko" is assigned the stereotypical interpretation of a quantity degree word, whereas "precej" is identified with the non-stereotypical one and consequently relates to moderately big amounts. To support this claim, we report the results of an experiment involving a sentence-picture verification task, which highlight the similarities and contextually determined differences in the use of both determiners. Our results suggest that the interpretation of "precej" is not consistent with relations in the upper part of the proportional scale and is dependent on whether or not it is in direct competition with "veliko" in the appropriate contexts.
Keywords: quantity determiner, Slovenian, pragmatic strengthening, stereotypical interpretation, sentence–picture verification task
Published in RUNG: 25.09.2017; Views: 4214; Downloads: 0
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