1. Afforestation of common land in the Classical Karst : relations between the authorities, the local population, and the economic consequences of afforestationNikita Peresin Meden, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The findings of environmental history are in the service of ecology and represent an important contribution to the understanding of the sustainable management of land. The aim of this article is to shed light on the relations between the local population and the authorities regarding the afforestation of common land in Komen in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, placing them in a broader Mediterranean context. The local population was not opposed to afforestation per se, but to the prohibition of usufruct on afforested land, which had major economic consequences for the local population. Authorities did not always take into consideration the annual agricultural processes, local customs, and natural resource needs in their afforestation decisions. The prohibition of usufruct was followed by a shortage of fodder and firewood, which led to forest violations to satisfy demands. Thus, afforestation has undermined the basis of agriculture. In addition, already afforested land remained under common ownership for a relatively long time.
Keywords: common land, Karst, afforestation, Mediterranean, environmental history
Published in RUNG: 03.12.2024; Views: 782; Downloads: 7
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3. Taming the forest : embracing the complexity of art-sci research through microhistory, bioeconomics and intermedia artNikita Peresin Meden, Kristina Pranjić, Peter Purg, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: An ongoing collaborative project between art and science, Taming the Forest (2022) was implemented by a team of students, artists and researchers charting an interdisciplinary project among bioeconomics, environmental history, policy and artistic practice. In this article, the project acts as a case study for researching the conflicting narratives of history and economics about biodiversity in general, and specifically about forests. It shows how different blends of methodologies in artistic-cum-scientific research can become relevant for both realms, opening new creative pathways and pedagogical registers while repeatedly returning to a specific forest’s microhistory. Moreover, the article stresses the need for a new sensibility and complex knowledge, moving beyond an objective study and becoming attentive to different dimensions of research and its outputs that emerge through the introduction of artistic thinking and methodologies. This kind of transdisciplinary approach becomes necessary in order to tackle the manifold large-scale problems such as the climate and biodiversity crises, which call for both acting decisively and transforming radically, above all with regard to how humans perceive, relate to and manage nature.
Keywords: biodiversity, climate crisis, environmental history, forest management, Karst, transdisciplinary, artistic thinking, artistic research
Published in RUNG: 01.07.2024; Views: 1415; Downloads: 10
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4. Anarchism and the history of social movements in SloveniaDaša Tepina, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: The article is a compilation of fragments of revolutionary movements in the Slovenian region,
which in one way or another were connected to or derived from the tradition of anarchist ideas and
practises. It is an overview of an omnipresent phenomenon that
never had or has never had a broader
social visibility, but was always present in the shadows and on the margins, continuously shaping
social movements and communities in revolt and offering refuge to many marginalised and oppressed
people, thus amplifying
their voice, which gradually changed the general social conditions. A modest
overview, supplemented by archival sources from the Slovenian archives and newspaper articles from
different periods. It covers a wide area of the fragmented 20th century, touchi
ng at the end on the
transition to the 21st century. So even it is difficult to argue that there is a history of the anarchist
movement in this region, that can be described as a rooted, consistent anarchist history, and it takes a
certain spirit of enquir
y to discover and bring to the surface anarchist ideas and practises, we,
however, can talk about fragments of historical events and groups that were connected and
intertwined with anarchist ideas in various practices connected with anarchist principles. A
nd all of
them were inherent for an organized anarchist movement, which was established in the last three
decades that we can speak today of an overtly coherent set of ideas and practises.
Keywords: anarchism, Slovenia, history of social movements, anarchist ideas, anarchist practices
Published in RUNG: 13.05.2024; Views: 2329; Downloads: 9
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5. Borderless aeasthetics : the new uglySandra Jovanovska, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: Through the lens of ugliness, the purpose of this Master’s thesis is to explore a potential model of a new unrestricted aesthetics. I, hereby, refer to an aesthetics beyond its canonical order, an individualistically-driven scheme of standards or perhaps no standards at all. All can be simplified with Eco’s quote on the opposition of the beautiful and the ugly: ’A beautiful nose shouldn’t be longer than that or shorter than that, on the contrary, an ugly nose can be as long as the one of Pinocchio, or as big as the trunk of an elephant, or like the beak of an eagle, and so ugliness is unpredictable, and offers an infinite range of possibility’. While the aesthetics of beauty has already positioned framework of rules in regards to proportion, symmetry, and harmony, the aesthetics of ugliness has no particular guidelines and limitations whatsoever. Unlike the beautiful, what we perceive as ugly doesn’t have its lawfulness, because for a long time in the history of art, ugliness was just the opposite face of beauty. As a consequence, the ugly embodies a big category of undetermined standards in visual arts and culture, which leads to it becoming a large unmapped territory of boundless autonomy. The ugly is in that context the key to facing and unleashing our phenomenological fears of bleak dark deformed realities that lie unchallenged and unaddressed on account of ugliness’ taboo status. Thus, when familiarised, I believe ugliness in art has a powerful impact, a quality that we have to yet begin to understand to get a full image of ourselves, for if we rely on beauty, as we did for such a long time in history, we are depriving ourselves of a true holistic proportion in art.
Keywords: art, man, ugliness, new, aesthetics, beauty, artist, time, image, Dada, history, context, different, body, personal, culture, transform, political, philosophy, standard, perspective.
Published in RUNG: 10.05.2024; Views: 1850; Downloads: 23
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8. Bodies of noise at the Bell Laboratories : early automated speech recognition, contribution at the Editorial Workshop - A Special Issue on Acoustic Space, November 9-10, 2022, Frankfurt/MainEszter Polónyi, 2022, other performed works Abstract: This paper is about the first automated systems developed to recognize identity. While automated recognition in the twenty-first century is widely associated with images of the human face, its roots are to be found in attempts to visualize identity in other, non-figural types of trace left by human bodies, ranging as widely as shadows, astrological signs, handwriting, the prints left by palms and fingers and the acoustics of the human voice. This paper investigates one such system of recognition as it emerged from within the telecommunications industry context in the midcentury U.S. Ostensibly built to reduce human labor and cable bandwidth, Bell Labs developed three different phone devices in the 1950s to photograph, formalize and analyze the sounds of speech as they traveled through the telephony system. And while the device called “Audrey” indeed succeeded in recognizing spoken digits, it was its failure to recognize the speech contents without prior awareness of the identity of the speaker, that is to distinguish between the individuality of the speaking “medium” and their intended meaning, that arguably made the experiment a landmark in the history of machine-driven recognition. Accounting for the “noise” made by the body and the environment from which sound emanated into the device, which the lab’s technicians defined as ranging from “speech defects” to “inflection” and “background interference” proved more important than phonetic analysis in determining the intended message of given speech spectogram. Similarly to a range of experiments with noise by formalist filmmakers such as Tony Conrad, John Cage, Kurt Kren and others, it was on the principle of contingency and irreproducible uniqueness that Bell Lab technicians sought to train machine-driven intelligence.
Keywords: History of computer science, machine learning, Bell Labs, history of telecommunications, sound studies
Published in RUNG: 19.02.2024; Views: 2043; Downloads: 8
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9. Faceless machines: early recognition media and entangled bodies : lecture at the "Relatifs" lecture series, Kepler Salon, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Österreich, 16. 1. 2024Eszter Polónyi, 2024, invited lecture at foreign university Abstract: Eszter Polonyis Vortrag behandelt frühe Systeme automatisierter Identitätserkennung. Einen Fokus bilden Experimente zur Stimmerkennung, wie sie in der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts von US-amerikanische Telekommunikationsunternehmen unternommen wurden. Sie geht dabei auch den Verbindungen zur Arbeit mit „noise“ von Medienkünstler*innen nach, darunter Tony Conrad, John Cage und Kurt Kren.
Keywords: media studies, surveillance studies, art history, critical data studies, avant-garde and experimental art
Published in RUNG: 12.02.2024; Views: 2183; Downloads: 10
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10. An archaeology of photographic identification : lecture at the Society for Cinema & Media Studies Conference, Denver, Colorado, 13. 4. 2023Eszter Polónyi, 2023, unpublished conference contribution Abstract: This project returns to an early moment in the history of photographic IDs to better understand the current entrapment of our identities within what are by now massive infrastructures of automatized, unregulated and largely unauthorized identity extraction.
Keywords: media studies, surveillance studies, history of art, history of visual culture, cultural studies
Published in RUNG: 12.02.2024; Views: 2191; Downloads: 4
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