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1.
System and method for continuous wave low power laser based synthesis of metal nano particles : patent certificate IN 512589, 2024-02-20
Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, Mohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, Abdul Rahim Sajeela Beevi Ashik, Ramachandran Nair Amba Devi Krishnanunni, Vadakkedathu Parameswaran Narayanan Nampoori, 2024, patent

Abstract: This disclosure relates to synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs). In particular, the invention relates to methods of synthesizing metal nanoparticles using Laser. The invention relates to Laser assisted synthesis of metal nanoparticles using continuous wave low laser power in a liquid medium. The system [100] for synthesis of metal nanoparticles, comprises of a laser source [101], a mechanical chopper [102], a lens [103], a target metal [104], a liquid medium [106] and a heat source [107]. Additionally the invention relates to laser assisted synthesis of metal nanoparticles with silver as the metal target and water as the liquid medium. The NPs produced are characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, Field-emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).Figure 1.
Keywords: cw laser, nanoparticle, method
Published in RUNG: 26.02.2024; Views: 1531; Downloads: 5
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Satellite Data for Atmospheric Monitoring at the Pierre Auger Observatory
A. Puyleart, Andrej Filipčič, Jon Paul Lundquist, Samo Stanič, Serguei Vorobiov, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Lukas Zehrer, 2022, published scientific conference contribution

Abstract: Atmospheric monitoring over the 3000 km^2 of the Pierre Auger Observatory can be supplemented by satellite data. Methods for night-time cloud detection and aerosol cross-checking were created using the GOES-16 and Aeolus satellites, respectively. The geostationary GOES-16 satellite provides a 100% up-time view of the cloud cover over the observatory. GOES-13 was used until the end of 2017 for cloud monitoring, but with its retirement a method based on GOES-16 data was developed. The GOES-16 cloud detection method matches the observatory’s vertical laser cloud detection method at a rate of ∼90%. The Aeolus satellite crosses the Pierre Auger Observatory several times throughout the year firing UV-laser shots. The laser beams leave a track of scattered light in the atmosphere that can be observed by the light sensors of the observatory fluorescence telescopes. Using a parametric model of the aerosol concentration, the laser shots can be reconstructed with different combinations of the aerosol parameters. A minimization procedure then yields the parameter set that best describes the aerosol attenuation. Furthermore, the possibility of studying horizontal homogeneity of aerosols across the array is being investigated.
Keywords: Pierre Auger Observatory, indirect detection, fluorescence detection, ultra-high energy, cosmic rays, atmospheric monitoring, satellite monitoring, cloud detection, aerosols, UV laser shots
Published in RUNG: 04.10.2023; Views: 1722; Downloads: 7
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Investigation of the effective transmittance of Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the multi-longitudinal-mode high-spectral-resolution lidar
Fei Gao, Fengjia Gao, Xiao Yang, Gaipan Li, Li Wang, Meng Wang, Dengxin Hua, Griša Močnik, Samo Stanič, 2022, original scientific article

Abstract: Effective transmittance is an important parameter of Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the retrieval of aerosol optical properties using the multi-longitudinal-mode high-spectral-resolution lidar, which is a function of the complex degree of coherence. In this paper, we retrieve the parameter of the complex degree of coherence for the multi-longitudinal-mode laser from the theoretical analysis, optical simulation and experimental measurements, which are 0.726, 0.678 and 0.453 using the Mach-Zehnder interferometer with the optimal optical path difference of two times of laser optical cavity length (∼1000 mm) and under the light illumination of the high power Nd:YAG laser with the mode number of 101 and mode interval of 300 MHz under the condition of laser linewidth of 1 cm−1 (30 GHz). The preliminary measurement results of aerosol optical properties using the constructing multi-longitudinal-mode high-spectral-resolution lidar show that the difference of the complex degree of coherence retrieved from the presented methods results in the relative error of 40% in the aerosol backscattering coefficient with thin cloud layer and 90% with the presence of dense aerosol layer.
Keywords: effective transmittance, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Multi-logitudinal-mode laser, High-spectral-resolution lidar
Published in RUNG: 20.09.2022; Views: 2299; Downloads: 0
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Evolution of fractal dimension in pulsed laser deposited MoO3 film with ablation time and annealing temperature
Mohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, 2021, original scientific article

Abstract: The multifractal analysis is a potential method for assessing thin flm surface morphology and its changes due to diferent deposition conditions and post-deposition treatments. In this work, the multifractal analysis is carried out to understand the surface morphology—root mean square (RMS) surface roughness—of nanostructured MoO3 flms prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique by varying the ablation time and post-deposition annealing. The XRD analysis shows the evolution of crystalline nature with annealing temperature. The XRD pattern of all the annealed flms shows the characteristic peak of the orthorhombic MoO3 phase. The FESEM and AFM analysis reveals the morphological modifcation with ablation time and annealing temperature. The multifractal analysis of the AFM images shows that the box—counting, information and correlation dimension varies with the annealing temperature. The study also reveals the inverse relation between the fractal dimension and the RMS surface roughness due to the annealing induced particle size variation and reorientation. The fractal dimension’s evolution in the pulsed laser deposited MoO3 flm with ablation time and annealing temperature is also investigated. Thus, the study reveals the potential of multifractal analysis in the thin flm surface characterizatio
Keywords: Multifractal analysis · Pulsed laser deposition · Molybdenum oxide · Atomic force microscopy · Fractal dimension
Published in RUNG: 04.07.2022; Views: 1961; Downloads: 0
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Study of Drug Diffusion rate by beam deflection technique
Mohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, 2017, original scientific article

Abstract: Drug administration is an unavoidable part of treatment. When a drug is administered orally or intravenously, it gets absorbed into the blood stream. The rate and efficiency of absorption depend on the route of administration. When a drug is administered through the oral route, it penetrates the epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa. The diffusion of the drug into the blood stream depends on various parameters, such as concentration, temperature, and the nature of the mucous membrane. The passive diffusion of drugs is found to obey Fick’s law. Water soluble drugs penetrate the cell membrane through aqueous channel or pores. Hence, the study of diffusion of drugs into the water and finally into the blood stream is important. An attempt has been made to study the diffusion of the drug in water as 60% to 80% of human body is water. For the study of drug diffusion in water, a commonly used cough syrup of specific gravity 1.263 is used. It is found that the diffusion rate increases with the concentration of the drug.
Keywords: laser beam deflection, diffusion coefficient, Fick’s law, sodium chloride, syrup
Published in RUNG: 30.06.2022; Views: 1768; Downloads: 0
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Ultralow duty cycle chopper instigated low power continuous wave laser assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles : a novel approach
Mohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, Abdul Rahim Sajeela Beevi Ashik, Ramachandran Nair Amba Devi Krishnanunni, Vadakkedathu Parameswaran Narayanan Nampoori, Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, 2020, original scientific article

Abstract: This paper is the first report of advancement in the drastic reduction of the laser power density from 105 to 7.5 W/cm2 for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using a low power (60 mW) continuous-wave (cw) laser and a specially designed ultralow duty cycle (3%) optical chopper wheel for modulating the laser beam at low frequencies (2 Hz). The target is irradiated by keeping it in a liquid medium at 40–60 °C to produce quantum dots to SNPs of size less than 40 nm. The UV-visible spectroscopic and electron microscopic analyses confirm the formation of quantum dots and SNPs of size-dependent bandgap energy varying from 1.92 to 2.37 eV. The photoluminescence studies not only support the above observations but also reveal the blue emission upon UV excitation through the chromaticity diagram. The proposed greener approach using the low power cw laser is cost-effective when compared with the high-power laser-assisted synthesis of SNPs reported until now.
Keywords: cw laser, silver nanoparticle, ultralow duty cycle, chopper
Published in RUNG: 30.06.2022; Views: 1982; Downloads: 27
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