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Abstract: A number of indigenous yeast strains isolated from vineyard / cellar-associated samples and non-vineyard sites, from forests with oak trees (a known habitat where Saccharomyces species resides) from existing in-house yeast collection and from ZIM culture collections (Slovenia) were screened for enzymatic activities with enological importance. The yeasts were screened for glycosidase enzymes connected to terpene aroma release, the β-lyase activity responsible for the volatile thiol release, and sulfite reductase activity involved in off-flavours. Yeast strains that showed positive results for qualitative and quick detection of glucoside hydrolase activity on plates were selected for further studies. The glucoside hydrolase activity of 20 selected strains belonging to 15 different species was quantitatively characterized by determinations of the activity on pNPG. All strains demonstrated hydrolase activity, especially strain H. uvarum 116 which showed the highest value of specific activity 6.32 mU/mg for cell-associated activity and T. delbrueckii Sut 94 with highest value of specific activity 1.36 mU/mg for extracellular activity. Increased growth of tested yeast on medium containing substrate S-methyl-L-cysteine indicated β-lyase activity, and by this approach a moderate activity was recorded throughout our tested strains with immense intraspecific inconsistency. Noticeable H2S production was observed in P. manshurica strain whereas, H. uvarum, L. thermotolerance, S. bayanus and S. cerevisiae demonstrated weak/slight H2S-producer strains in our study. Therefore, our screening indicates the importance of strain selection for enological application due to intraspecies differences, as well as the introduction of non-Saccharomyces yeast starters with interesting potential to enhance wine aroma.
Keywords: wine yeasts, non-Saccharomyces, enzymatic activities
Published in RUNG: 08.05.2023; Views: 839; Downloads: 0
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Abstract: In this work high performance liquid chromatography coupled to thermal lens spectrometry (HPLC-TLS) was applied for monitoring of vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins formation during the fermentation of Pinot Noir wines. Vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins are wine pigments, present in low concentrations, but very important for wine colour stability. Fermentation process was conducted with four different yeast strains, used as starters, either in sequential fermentation of non-Saccharomyces with S. cerevisiae yeast or as single fermentation with S. cerevisiae yeasts in order to test the applicability of developed method for monitoring of selected compounds in real wine fermentation experiments. The developed HPLC-TLS method showed higher sensitivity compared to HPLC coupled to diode array detection (DAD) technique for particular wine colour compounds. Obtained limits of detection (LODs), were 6- and 22-times lower in comparison to HPLC–DAD in gradient and isocratic elution mode, respectively, whereas limits of quantification (LOQs) 5 and 18-times lower. Lower LODs enabled earlier observation of vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins formation during fermentation (already at day 7) in the case of HPLC-TLS method in gradient mode, while by using HPLC–DAD in gradient elution mode the formation of vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins was noticed only after 12 days of fermentation.
Keywords: Thermal lens spectrometry (TLS), High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Pyranoanthocyanins, Wine, Yeasts
Published in RUNG: 18.06.2020; Views: 3273; Downloads: 0
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Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the diversity of fermentative yeast species in a non-vineyard and vineyard environment, and exploit their oenological potential. For this purpose we collected plant and soil material in the vineyard (located in Črniče in Vipava Valley) planted with Vitis vinifera L. and in the forest (forest in Vipava Old Castle), and by using a selective medium with high ethanol and sugar content we managed to obtain 35 isolates. By sequencing the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA we identified nine different yeast species. The oenological potential of identified yeasts was further investigated by employing a series of tests, such as growth at low pH values, tolerance to ethanol and sulfur, and H2S production ability. Based on the results of these tests we selected four different yeast species for the microvinification of Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Pinot Noir’ grape juice. A commercial strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lalvin D47 was also included as a control in the fermentation experiment. Fermentation monitoring was done by measuring daily weight loss and microbiological analysis in the middle of fermentation. For the final wines, sugars were determined and sensorial evaluation performed. Among four tested yeasts, S. paradoxus IVV 32 and Torulaspora delbrueckii IVV 36 appeared to be the most promising for winemaking, but further studies should be carried out.
Keywords: wine, Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Pinot Noir’, biodiversity, yeasts, fermentation
Published in RUNG: 10.07.2017; Views: 5834; Downloads: 283
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