1. Actual and perceived wood combustion pollution – The case of a rural mountainous areaKristina Glojek, Griša Močnik, Honey Dawn Alas, Andrea Cuesta-Mosquera, Luka Drinovec, Asta Gregorič, Kay Weinhold, Thomas Müller, Dejan Cigale, Martin Rigler, Dominik van Pinxteren, Maik Merkel, Matej Ogrin, Martina Ristorini, Hartmut Herrmann, Alfred Wiedensohler, 2022, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Ključne besede: local air quality, aerosol measurements, perception, heating habits
Objavljeno v RUNG: 27.02.2023; Ogledov: 503; Prenosov: 0
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2. The impact of temperature inversions on black carbon and particle mass concentrations in a mountainous areaKristina Glojek, Griša Močnik, Honey Dawn C. Alas, Andrea Cuesta-Mosquera, Luka Drinovec, Asta Gregorič, Matej Ogrin, Kay Weinhold, Irena Ježek, Martin Rigler, Maja Remškar, Miha Markelj, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Residential wood combustion is a widespread practice in Europe with a serious impact on air quality, especially in mountainous areas. While there is a significant number of studies conducted in deep urbanized valleys and basins, little is known about the air pollution processes in rural shallow hollows, where around 30 % of the people in mountainous areas across Europe live. We aim to determine the influence of ground temperature inversions on wood combustion aerosol pollution in hilly, rural areas. The study uses Retje karst hollow (Loški Potok, Slovenia) as a representative site for mountainous and hilly rural areas in central and south-eastern Europe with residential wood combustion. Sampling with a mobile monitoring platform along the hollow was performed in December 2017 and January 2018. The backpack mobile monitoring platform was used for the determination of equivalent black carbon (eBC) and particulate matter (PM) mass concentrations along the hollow. To ensure high quality of mobile measurement data, intercomparisons of mobile instruments with reference instruments were performed at two air quality stations during every run. Our study showed that aerosol pollution events in the relief depression were associated with high local emission intensities originating almost entirely from residential wood burning and shallow temperature inversions (58 m on average). The eBC and PM mass concentrations showed stronger associations with the potential temperature gradient (R2=0.8) than with any other meteorological parameters taken into account (ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation). The strong association between the potential temperature gradient and pollutant concentrations suggests that even a small number of emission sources (total 243 households in the studied hollow) in similar hilly and mountainous rural areas with frequent temperature inversions can significantly increase the levels of eBC and PM and deteriorate local air quality. During temperature inversions the measured mean eBC and PM2.5 mass concentrations in the whole hollow were as high as 4.5±2.6 and 48.0 ± 27.7 µg m−3, respectively, which is comparable to larger European urban centres.
Ključne besede: air pollution, black carbon, sources, temperature inversion, mountainous area
Objavljeno v RUNG: 03.05.2022; Ogledov: 876; Prenosov: 0
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3. Real-time monitoring of Arundo donax response to saline stress through the application of in vivo sensing technologyJanni Michela, Claudia Cocozza, Federico Brilli, Sara Pignattelli, Filippo Vurro, Nicola Coppede, Manuele Bettelli, Davide Calestani, Francesco Loreto, Andrea Zappettini, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: One of the main impacts of climate change on agriculture production is the dramatic increase of saline (Na+) content in substrate, that will impair crop performance and productivity. Here we demonstrate how the application of smart technologies such as an in vivo sensor, termed bioristor, allows to continuously monitor in real-time the dynamic changes of ion concentration in the sap of Arundo donax L. (common name giant reed or giant cane), when exposed to a progressive salinity stress. Data collected in vivo by bioristor sensors inserted at two different heights into A. donax stems enabled us to detect the early phases of stress response upon increasing salinity. Indeed, the continuous time-series of data recorded by the bioristor returned a specific signal which correlated with Na+ content in leaves of Na-stressed plants, opening a new perspective for its application as a tool for in vivo plant phenotyping and selection of genotypes more suitable for the exploitation of saline soils.
Ključne besede: Arundo donax, saline stress, vivo sensing technology
Objavljeno v RUNG: 17.12.2021; Ogledov: 1214; Prenosov: 17
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4. Impact of microplastics on growth, photosynthesis and essential elements in Cucurbita pepo L.Ilaria Colzi, Luciana Renna, Elisabetta Bianchi, Maria Beatrice Castellani, Andrea Coppi, Sara Pignattelli, Stefano Loppi, Cristina Gonnelli, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: In this study, Cucurbita pepo L., one of the most cultivated, consumed and economically important crop worldwide, was used as model plant to test the toxic effects of the four most abundant microplastics identified in contaminated soils, i.e. polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinylchloride (PVC), and polyethyleneterephthalate (PET). Cucurbita plants were grown in pots with increasing concentrations of the microplastics, then plant biometry, photosynthetic parameters and ionome of treated vs. untreated samples were compared to evaluate the toxicity of each plastic. All the pollutants impaired root and, especially, shoot growth. Specific and concentration-dependant effects of the different microplastics were found, including reduction in leaf size, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency, as well as changes in the micro- and macro-elemental profile. Among all the microplastics, PVC was identified as the most toxic and PE as the less toxic material. PVC decreased the dimensions of the leaf lamina, the values of the photosynthetic performance index and the plant iron concentration to a higher extent in respect to the other treatments. Microplastic toxicity exerted on the growth of C. pepo raises concerns about possible yield and economic loss, as well as for risks of a possible transfer into the food chain.
Ključne besede: microplastic toxicity, leaf traits, chlorophyll fluorescence, ionome, zucchini
Objavljeno v RUNG: 17.12.2021; Ogledov: 1123; Prenosov: 6
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5. Enhancing the mechanical properties of biodegradable Mg alloys processed by warm HPT and thermal treatmentsAndrea Mizelli-Ojdanic, Jelena Horky, Bernhard Mingler, Mattia Fanetti, Sandra Gardonio, Matjaž Valant, Bartosz Sulkowski, Erhard Schafler, Dmytro Orlov, Michael J. Zehetbauer, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: severe plastic deformation, SPD, precipitates, vacancy agglomerates, magnesium alloys, biodegradability
Objavljeno v RUNG: 03.12.2021; Ogledov: 1148; Prenosov: 43
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6. Variability of black carbon aerosol concentrations and sources at a Mediterranean coastal regionAndrea Milinković, Asta Gregorič, Vedrana Džaja Grgičin, Sonja Vidić, Abra Penezić, Ana Cvitešić Kušan, Saranda Bakija Alempijević, Anne Kasper Giebl, Sanja Frka, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: Aethalometer, Adriatic sea, Black carbon, Source apportionment, Levoglucosan, LOTOS-EURO
Objavljeno v RUNG: 17.11.2021; Ogledov: 1235; Prenosov: 6
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7. High spatial heterogeneity of water stress levels in Refošk grapevines cultivated in Classical KarstFrancesco Petruzzellis, Sara Natale, Luca Bariviera, Alberto Calderan, Alenka Mihelčič, Jan Reščič, Paolo Sivilotti, Katja Šuklje, Klemen Lisjak, Andreja Vanzo, Andrea Nardini, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: Classical Karst, water status, drought stress, grape quality, phenolic profile, vitis vinifera
Objavljeno v RUNG: 11.11.2021; Ogledov: 1332; Prenosov: 0
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9. Intercomparison and characterization of 23 Aethalometers under laboratory and ambient air conditions: : procedures and unit-to-unit variabilitiesAndrea Cuesta-Mosquera, Griša Močnik, Luka Drinovec, Thomas Müller, Sascha Pfeifer, Maria Cruz Minguillon, Björn Briel, Paul Buckley, Vadimas Dudoitis, Javier Fernández-García, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Aerosolized black carbon is monitored worldwide to quantify its impact on air quality and climate. Given its importance, measurements of black carbon mass concentrations must be conducted with instruments operating in quality-checked and ensured conditions to generate data which are reliable and comparable temporally and geographically.
In this study, we report the results from the largest characterization and intercomparison of filter-based absorption photometers, the Aethalometer model AE33, belonging to several European monitoring networks. Under controlled laboratory conditions, a total of 23 instruments measured mass concentrations of black carbon from three well-characterized aerosol sources: synthetic soot, nigrosin particles, and ambient air from the urban background of Leipzig, Germany. The objective was to investigate the individual performance of the instruments and their comparability; we analyzed the response of the instruments to the different aerosol sources and the impact caused by the use of obsolete filter materials and the application of maintenance activities.
Differences in the instrument-to-instrument variabilities from equivalent black carbon (eBC) concentrations reported at 880 nm were determined before maintenance activities (for soot measurements, average deviation from total least square regression was −2.0 % and the range −16 % to 7 %; for nigrosin measurements, average deviation was 0.4 % and the range −15 % to 17 %), and after they were carried out (for soot measurements, average deviation was −1.0 % and the range −14 % to 8 %; for nigrosin measurements, the average deviation was 0.5 % and the range −12 % to 15 %). The deviations are in most of the cases explained by the type of filter material employed by the instruments, the total particle load on the filter, and the flow calibration.
The results of this intercomparison activity show that relatively small unit-to-unit variability of AE33-based particle light absorbing measurements is possible with well-maintained instruments. It is crucial to follow the guidelines for maintenance activities and the use of the proper filter tape in the AE33 to ensure high quality and comparable black carbon (BC) measurements among international observational networks.
Ključne besede: black carbon, aerosol, absorption, filter absorption photometer, aethaloemter
Objavljeno v RUNG: 03.05.2021; Ogledov: 1572; Prenosov: 0
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10. Effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics and acid rain on physiology and growth of Lepidium sativumSara Pignattelli, Andrea Broccoli, Manuela Piccardo, Antonio Terlizzi, Monia Renzi, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This study evaluated the chronic toxicity (30 days) of different sizes of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
microplastics (60e3000 mm) provided alone or in combination with acid rain, on garden cress (Lepidium
sativum). Both biometrical and physiological traits have been evaluated: i) percentage inhibition of seed
germination, plant height, leaf number and fresh biomass production; ii) oxidative stress responses
(hydrogen peroxide; ascorbic acid and glutathione production); iii) impairment in photosynthetic machinery
in term of pigments production; iv) aminolevulinic acid and proline production. Results highlighted
that different sizes of PET, alone or in combination with acid rain, are able to negatively affect
both biometrical and physiological plant traits. In particular, the lower size of microplastics is able to
negatively affect growth and development, as well as to trigger the oxidative burst. Regarding the pigments
production, PET coupled with acid rain, induced a higher production of Chl-b, and an inhibition of
aminolevulinic acid.
Ključne besede: polyethylene terephthalate, acid rain, lepidium sativum, oxidative burst, germinability, chlorophylls
Objavljeno v RUNG: 02.04.2021; Ogledov: 1511; Prenosov: 0
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