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Opis: Nowadays, urban centres in countries of the Western Balkan region (including Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H)) are experiencing some of the poorest European and global air quality due to the extensive use of solid fuels (e.g., wood, coal) and old vehicle fleet. Western Balkan countries lack state-of-the-art atmospheric sciences research despite high levels of ambient pollution, which makes the efforts to understand the mechanisms of their air pollution imperative. The city of Sarajevo, the capital of B&H, is situated in a basin surrounded by mountains. Particularly during the winter months, topography and meteorology cause significant pollution episodes. The Sarajevo Canton Winter Field Campaign 2018 (SAFICA) took place from Dec 04, 2017 to Mar 15, 2018 with on-line aerosol measurements and collection of daily, continuous filter PM10 samples for off-line laboratory analyses. SAFICA aimed to give the first detailed characterization of the Western Balkans aerosol composition including organic aerosol (OA) to elucidate aerosol emission sources and atmospheric processing and to estimate the adverse health effects. PM10 samples (ntotal=180) were collected at four sites in the Sarajevo Canton: a) Bjelave and b) Pofalići (urban background); c) Otoka (urban); d) Ivan Sedlo (remote). The urban sites were distributed along the city basin to study the pollutants’ urban evolution and the remote site was chosen to compare urban to background air masses. SAFICA PM10 samples underwent different off-line laboratory chemical analyses: 1) Bulk chemical composition of the total filter-collected water-soluble inorganic and OA by a high-resolution Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS). The measured AMS OA spectra were further analysed by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) using the graphical user interface SoFi (Source Finder) to separate OA into subtypes characteristic for OA sources and atmospheric processes. 2) Organic and elemental carbon (OC/EC), water-soluble organic carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, levoglucosan, and 14C content of total carbon to evaluate OA chemical composition. 3) Major inorganic anions and cations to evaluate aerosol inorganic species. 4) Metal content in aerosol determined by two analytical techniques (AAS and ICP-MS). SAFICA on-line measurements of black carbon (Aethalometer) and the particle number concentration (Condensation Particle Counter and Optical Particle Sizer) enabled the insights into the daily evolution of primary pollutants and an assessment of aerosol size and number distribution. The combined SAFICA results for on- and off-line measurements will be presented. Our results show that the carbon-containing species make ~2/3 of PM10 mass and the majority are oxygenated, water-soluble OA species with an average OM/OC = 1.9 (Fig.1). Urban air pollution crises in the Western Balkan will be put in the context of local, regional and global air quality. Finally, we will present the scientific questions opened by SAFICA, including the advantages and limitations of SAFICA data set, and give the recommendations for future studies.
Ključne besede: Sarajevo, urban air pollution, PM10, PM2.5
Objavljeno v RUNG: 26.05.2021; Ogledov: 2546; Prenosov: 20
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Opis: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds known for their adverse effects on human health. Many of them are proven carcinogens, especially those with 5 and 6 aromatic rings, which under normal tropospheric conditions are found in the particle-phase. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is often measured as their general representative. Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is among the European cities with the poorest air quality. However, in Sarajevo PAHs are neither routinely measured within the air quality monitoring network nor have been a subject of extended, continuous field studies during the most polluted cold periods of the year. The capital of Croatia, Zagreb, is located approximately 300 km air distance north-west from Sarajevo. PAH mass concentrations in Zagreb have been measured continuously since 1994 within air quality monitoring networks. During winter 2017/2018, the SAFICA project (Sarajevo Canton Winter Field Campaign 2018) was carried out in order to characterize the chemical composition of organic and inorganic aerosol in the Sarajevo Canton. This paper presents the results of PAH measurements in the cities of Sarajevo and Zagreb at one urban location per city. Daily (24 h), continuous samples of PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤10 μm) were collected during heating season, from December 27, 2017 to February 27, 2018. Mass concentrations of eleven particle-phase PAHs in Sarajevo and Zagreb from filter samples collected during the same period were compared. The average BaP ambient mass concentrations in Sarajevo and Zagreb were 6.93 ng m−3 and 3.11 ng m−3, respectively. The contribution of BaP to the total PAH mass concentration was similar at both locations (11%). However, much higher contributions of particle-phase fluoranthene and pyrene were found in Sarajevo. Contributions of individual PAH, diagnostic ratios and factor analysis indicate that combustion of gasoline and diesel from vehicle traffic are a potential source of PAHs at both locations, as well as combustion of other liquid fossil fuels (petroleum and fuel oil). Wood burning was occasionally indicated as a PAH emission source in Zagreb, while in Sarajevo the contribution of PAHs from wood and coal combustion was more evident. Calculated value for total carcinogenic potency (TCP) of PAHs, which was estimated using toxic equivalence factors from the literature, in PM10 samples collected in Sarajevo was more than twice higher than in Zagreb (10.6 ng m−3 and 4.7 ng m−3, respectively). BaP had the highest contribution to the TCP at both locations (69 and 67%).
Ključne besede: carcinogenic potency, diagnostic ratio, factor analysis, PM10, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Objavljeno v RUNG: 09.04.2021; Ogledov: 2176; Prenosov: 0
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Opis: The master thesis entitled “Engaging Bodies Through Expanded Art Practice” is divided in two parts: the first one is the theoretical part which places socially engaged arts in the time-line of contemporary art, followed by an overview of my practical work entitled “Obsolete Properties”. The central aim of the theoretical part is to determine the structures of socially engaged art projects, with all their ambiguities, caused by the inherent connection between the social and the artistic. Topics of such process-based interdisciplinary and participatory art projects reflect at the same time on cultural traditions as well as on current social issues. The second part is an analysis of the artwork I created and set in different contexts. It consists of common materials that arrived into my hands after their previous owners moved their homes. The artwork celebrates artistic process and environmental sustainability while on the other side serves as an agent on the discourse of values.
Ključne besede: #ART #ENGAGED_ART #ART_PRACTICE #SOCIAL_PRACTICE #SOCIALLY_ENGAGED_ART #CONTEMPORARY_ART #PROCESS #MEDIA #FORM #PERFORMANCE #PARTICIPATION #COLLABORATION #PUBLIC_SPACE #AESTHETICS #POLITICS #ETHICS #INTERACTIVITY #DESIGN #THEATRE #EDUCATION #AUTHORITY #ART_STUDENT #ART_OBJECT #SYSTEM #KNOWLEDGE #PLASTIC #SCULPTURE #FINE_ARTS #INTERMEDIA_ART #VALUES #FREEDOM_OF_EXPRESION #DOCUMENTATION #AUDIENCE #TRASH #MATERIAL #SUSTAINABILITY #CONSERVATION #CONTEXT #TEMPORARY_EXPERIENCE_ZONE #TEZ #WAR #HOLOCAUST
Objavljeno v RUNG: 20.07.2020; Ogledov: 3625; Prenosov: 113
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Opis: V diplomskem delu je najprej opredeljen magični realizem, izpostavljeni so njegovi vplivi in pod-žanri. Sledi opis rabe tega žanra v literaturi, televiziji in filmu, nato pa zgodovina neodvisnega filma in pomen filmskega avtorstva ali auteurstva, ki se povezuje z umetniškimi deli režiserja Wesa Andersona. Po kratkem opisu njegove filmske kariere sledi predstavitev Emira Kusturice; njegove avtorske biografije in prakse. Kratka razprava predstavi kako so politični nemiri vplivali na jugoslovanski film in posledično na filmske zgodbe Kusturice. Sledi primerjava dveh filmov obeh avtorjev, kjer so izpostavljene podobnosti v strukturi podajanja zgodbe in njenih elementov na eni ter kadriranja na drugi strani. Po zaključku teoretičnega dela sledi opis procesa nastajanja mojega študentskega filma in kratka kritična analiza tega dela.
Ključne besede: Film, magični realizem, absurdnost, teatralnost, nadrealizem, Anderson, auteur, Kusturica, Jugoslavija, Balkan, filmografija, stilizacija
Objavljeno v RUNG: 12.04.2018; Ogledov: 5012; Prenosov: 255
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Opis: Teoretični del magistrske naloge je posvečen nastanku praktičnega magistrskega projekta, dokumentarnega filma Odpadki druge generacije – po stopinjah nekega punka. Naloga je sestavljena iz dveh sklopov. V prvem delu je vzpostavljen teoretskozgodovinski kontekst, v katerem je nastajal moj film – vse od začetka dokumentarnega filma pa do danes. Na kratko je predstavljen nastanek in razvoj dokumentarizma, osnovne značilnosti sodobnega dokumentarnega filma in njegove zvrsti, ki so relevantne za ta praktični projekt, s poudarkom na punku v glasbenem dokumentarcu. Povzeti so najbolj uveljavljeni načini klasifikacije dokumentarnih filmov glede na kategorijo in način reprezentacije, ki so postavili temelje, na katere se zanašajo avtorji in gledalci. Drugi del opisuje nastajanje avtorskega dokumentarnega projekta skozi vse faze: predprodukcijo, produkcijo, poprodukcijo, promocijo, distribucijo in prikazovanje, od ideje, raziskave, strukturiranja zgodbe, priprave scenarija, iskanja arhivskega foto- in videogradiva, priprav na snemanje filma in samo snemanje pa vse do montaže, izbora glasbe ter končnega oblikovanja slike in zvoka. Zaključen je s kritično refleksijo lastnega dela, ki bodoče avtorje lahko opozori na nekatere pasti, v katere se začetniki v svetu filma zlahka ujamejo.
Ključne besede: dokumentarni film, predprodukcija, produkcija, poprodukcija, glasba, zgodovina, dokumentarno, punk, do-it-yourself, Slovenija
Objavljeno v RUNG: 12.01.2018; Ogledov: 5864; Prenosov: 375
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