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Ključne besede: azacalixarene, covalent organic frameworks, dialysis, uric acid, creatinine, adsorption
Objavljeno v RUNG: 08.09.2022; Ogledov: 814; Prenosov: 0
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Opis: The yield of worldwide crop production has already been negatively affected by high salinity and water deficiency prevailing in many of the cultivated lands (Yan et al., 2013; Serraj et al., 2011; Golldack et al., 2011). Consequently, reduced crop production is a major problem in terms of food sustainability world-wide (Spiertz, 2013). Plants as sessile organisms have to dynamically and constantly cope with various types of stress in their environment. Although stress perception by plants remains elusive (Gan et al., 2010; Shachar-Hill et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2012), the stress-responsive mechanisms that follow are starting to be better understood (Wasilewska et al., 2008; Kohli et al., 2013; Osakabe et al., 2013). Abscisic acid (ABA) is a central plant hormone produced in response to abiotic stress and has been shown to play important roles in plant acclimation and tolerance towards stress (Nakashima and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, 2013; Osakabe et al., 2014). ABA accumulation triggers the expression of a plethora of genes within the plant cell (Liu et al., 2013). The ABA-regulated genes are various in nature, including enzymes involved in osmolyte and cell wall biosynthesis, detoxifying enzymes, enzymes for fatty acid metabolism, proteinase inhibitors, macromolecule protective proteins, lipid transfer proteins, ion transporters and water channels, transcription factors (TFs), protein kinases, protein phosphatases and proteinases (Roychoudhury et al., 2013; Rock, 2000). In this literature review the role of water channel-encoding genes, namely aquaporins (AQPs), in plant water stress will be discussed. The aim of this study is to understand how ABA-regulated AQPs are able to contribute to the plant’s tolerance and acclimation during water stress. The knowledge gained from this study is important for the engineering of salt and drought resistant crops within the modern agricultural context, thus contributing to world’s crop sustainable production (Jacobs et al., 2011; Park et al., 2005; Kujur et al., 2013).
Ključne besede: Abscisic acid (ABA), ABA-regulated genes, aquaporins (AQPs), ABA-regulated AQPs, ABA-dependent water stress, root hydraulic conductance (Lpr), leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf), stomatal conductance (gs), AQP bioengineering
Objavljeno v RUNG: 03.05.2022; Ogledov: 888; Prenosov: 0
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Opis: Different analytical methods were tested and optimized for the determination of four biogenic amines (BA) histamine, putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine produced by grape-associated lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Autochthonous LAB were isolated from ‘Refošk’ grapes belonging to Slovenian-Italian Karst region as they represent a potential pool of beneficial LAB starter bacteria for improving the typicality and quality of wine. Six isolated strains were screened by multiplex PCR, of which four strains were positive for BA-forming genes (MKBT-49, MKBT-282, MKBT-568, MKBT-570). The production of BA was evaluated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and enzymatic method. The HPLC-DAD results showed that strain MKBT-49 (tyrdc+) had high tyramine production (386.6 ± 0.14 mg/L), which was confirmed by TLC. The ability to produce putrescine was confirmed in strain MKBT-282 by PCR, HPLC-DAD (16.4 ± 1.72 mg/L), and TLC. Histamine-producing ability was detected in strain MKBT-570, with a concentration below the limit of detection of the HPLC-DAD (<0.2 mg/L), while the other two methods were not sensitive enough for confirmation. This study shows that the production of BA can detected in native LAB and that relatively simple method such as TLC can be used effectively for the initial screening.
Ključne besede: grapes, wine-like matrices, biogenic amines, autochthonous lactic acid bacteria, analytical methods
Objavljeno v RUNG: 03.01.2022; Ogledov: 1144; Prenosov: 6
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Opis: Plastics enter in terrestrial natural system primarily by agricultural purposes, while acid rain is the result of anthropogenic activities. The synergistic effects of microplastics and acid rain on plant growth are not known. In this study, different sizes of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and acid rain are tested on Lepidium sativum, in two separate experimental sets. In the first one we treated plants only with PET, in the second one we used PET and acid rain together. In both experimentations we analyzed: i) plant biometrical parameters (shoot height, leaf number, percentage inhibition of seed germination, fresh biomass), and ii) oxidative stress responses (hydrogen peroxide; ascorbic acid and glutathione). Results carried out from our experiments highlighted that different sizes of polyethylene terephthalate are able to affect plant growth and physiological responses, with or without acid rain supplied during acute toxicity (6 days). Short description: This study showed that different sizes of PET microplastics affect physiological and biometrical responses of Lepidum sativum seedlings, with or without acid rain; roots and leaves responded differently
Ključne besede: Polyethylene terephthalate Acid rain Oxidative stress Biometrical response Lepidium sativum
Objavljeno v RUNG: 16.12.2020; Ogledov: 1878; Prenosov: 0
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Opis: Biogenic amines are naturally occurring compounds that have been reported in variety of food, such as fish, meat, cheese, vegetables, and wines. When biogenic amines are formed by microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) they may have adverse effect on human health. The most common biogenic amines found in foodstuff are histamine, tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine. LAB are used as starters in the production of several foods and beverages. In wines they are used in malolactic fermentation, where the conversion of malic acid to lactic acid occurs. The aim of this work was to determine biogenic amine-forming capacity of indigenous LAB strains isolated from grapes which were PCR positive and screening medium positive for biogenic amines. Three methods for the confirmation of LAB biogenic amine-forming potential were developed and compared: HPLC-DAD and TLC methods both using derivatization agent dansyl chloride and enzymatic method using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and diamine oxidase (DAO) enzymes. The applicability of methods was tested on the three known biogenic amine-producing LAB strains: 0006, 9809, 9906 (IOEB, France). The limit of detection (LOD) of the methods was <1 mg/L for HPLC-DAD, 5 mg/L for TLC and 25 mg/L for enzymatic method. Although the LODs between the proposed methods differed, all of the three methods confirmed BA-forming potential of the three strains. Furthermore, the proposed methods were applied for the analysis of three indigenous strains: MKBT-282 (BA+), MKBT-307 (BA-) and MKBT-325 (BA+). The positive or negative BA-forming potential was confirmed with all of the three proposed methods.
Ključne besede: lactic acid bacteria, biogenic amines, histamine, grape
Objavljeno v RUNG: 10.07.2020; Ogledov: 2454; Prenosov: 0
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