1. Dynamic route map generation scheme for mobiles : M-governance application framework for tourism & travel in Delhi, IndiaRajan Gupta, Sunil K. Muttoo, Saibal K. Pal, 2016, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: Easiness of public & tourist's travel within a city is an important task for central and State Government. They have to access a combination of public transport options like metros, trams, buses and private options like cabs services and hired vehicles. Delhi, being the capital city of India, enjoys the usage of public transport by millions of travelers. Currently all route information on mobile applications (be it public or private) are static in nature which does not recommend any route to follow. This paper proposes such an application where travelling gets easier based on real time route map generation for using public transport like Bus and Metro services. The client-server based 3-tier architecture has been used for the mobile application designing. The application scores high on ease of travelling and customization of the routes through recommendations as compared to static application. Ključne besede: M-governance, dynamic route map, Delhi tourism, public transport system, mobile application framework Objavljeno v RUNG: 16.07.2021; Ogledov: 3044; Prenosov: 151 Povezava na celotno besedilo Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
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3. Real-time characterization and source apportionment of fine particulate matter in the Delhi megacity area during late winterVipul Lalchandan, Varun Kumar, Anna Tobler, M.T. Navaneeth, Suneeti Mishra, J. G. Slowik, Deepika Bhattu, Pragati Rai, Rangu Satish, Dilip Ganguly, Tiwari Tiwari, Neeraj Rastogi, Tiwari Sashi, Griša Močnik, André S. H. Prévôt, Sachchida Tripathi, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: National Capital Region (NCR) encompassing New Delhi is one of the most polluted urban metropolitan areas in the world.
Real-time chemical characterization of fine particulate matter (PM1 and PM2.5) was carried out using three aerosol mass
spectrometers, two aethalometers, and one single particle soot photometer (SP2) at two sites in Delhi (urban) and one site located
~40 km downwind of Delhi, during January-March, 2018. The campaign mean PM2.5 (NR-PM2.5 + BC) concentrations at the two
urban sites were 153.8±109.4 μg.m-3 and 127.8±83.2 μg.m-3, respectively, whereas PM1 (NR-PM1 + BC) was 72.3 ± 44.0 μg.m-3
at the downwind site. PM2.5 particles were composed mostly of organics (43-44)% followed by chloride (14-17)%, ammonium
(9-11)%, nitrate (9%), sulfate (8-10)%, and black carbon (11-16)%, whereas PM1 particles were composed of 47% organics,
13% sulfate as well as ammonium, 11% nitrate as well as chloride, and 5% black carbon. Organic aerosol (OA) source
apportionment was done using positive matrix factorization (PMF), solved using an advanced multi-linear engine (ME-2) model.
Highly mass-resolved OA mass spectra at one urban and downwind site were factorized into three primary organic aerosol
(POA) factors including one traffic-related and two solid-fuel combustion (SFC), and three oxidized OA (OOA) factors.
Whereas unit mass resolution OA at the other urban site was factorized into two POA factors related to traffic and SFC, and one
OOA factor. OOA constituted a majority of the total OA mass (45-55)% with maximum contribution during afternoon hours
~(70-80)%. Significant differences in the absolute OOA concentration between the two urban sites indicated the influence of local emissions on the oxidized OA formation. Similar PM chemical composition, diurnal and temporal variations at the three
sites suggest similar type of sources affecting the particulate pollution in Delhi and adjoining cities, but variability in mass concentration suggest more local influence than regional. Ključne besede: source apportionment, air pollution, particulate matter, Delhi Objavljeno v RUNG: 25.01.2021; Ogledov: 4242; Prenosov: 0 Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
4. Chemical characterization of PM2.5 and source apportionment of organic aerosol in New Delhi, IndiaAnna Tobler, Deepika Bhattu, Francesco Canonaco, Vipul Lalchandani, Ashutosh Shukla, Navaneeth Thamban, Suneeti Mishra, Atul Srivastava, Deewan Bisht, Suresh Tiwari, Surender Singh, Griša Močnik, Urs Baltensperger, Sachchida Tripathi, J. G. Slowik, André S. H. Prévôt, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Delhi is one of the most polluted cities worldwide and a comprehensive understanding and deeper insight into the air pollution and its sources is of high importance. We report 5 months of highly time-resolved measurements of non-refractory PM2.5 and black carbon (BC). Additionally, source apportionment based on positive matrix factorization (PMF) of the organic aerosol (OA) fraction is presented. The highest pollution levels are observed during winter in December/January. During that time, also uniquely high chloride concentrations are measured, which are sometimes even the most dominant NR-species in the morning hours. With increasing temperature, the total PM2.5 concentration decreases steadily, whereas the chloride concentrations decrease sharply. The concentrations measured in May are roughly 6 times lower than in December/January. PMF analysis resolves two primary factors, namely hydrocarbon-like (traffic-related) OA (HOA) and solid fuel combustion OA (SFC-OA), and one or two secondary factors depending on the season. The uncertainties of the PMF analysis are assessed by combining the random a-value approach and the bootstrap resampling technique of the PMF input. The uncertainties for the resolved factors range from ±18% to ±19% for HOA, ±7% to ±19% for SFC-OA and ±6 % to ±11% for the OOAs. The average correlation of HOA with eBCtr is R2 = 0.40, while SFC-OA has a correlation of R2 = 0.78 with eBCsf. Anthracene (m/z 178) and pyrene (m/z 202) (PAHs) are mostly explained by SFC-OA and follow its diurnal trend (R2 = 0.98 and R2 = 0.97). The secondary oxygenated aerosols are dominant during daytime. The average contribution during the afternoon hours (1 pm–5 pm) is 59% to the total OA mass, with contributions up to 96% in May. In contrast, the primary sources are more important during nighttime: the mean nightly contribution (22 pm–3 am) to the total OA mass is 48%, with contributions up to 88% during some episodes in April. Ključne besede: New Delhi, PM2.5, Source apportionment, PMF Objavljeno v RUNG: 20.07.2020; Ogledov: 3499; Prenosov: 0 Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |