1. Influence of the dipole moment on the increase in the thermal conductivity of thin films functionalized with azo dyeAmeneh Mikaeeli, Dorota Korte, Tomasz Rerek, Dariusz Chomicki, Bayram Gündüz, Beata Derkowska-Zielińska, Andreas D. Wieck, Oksana Krupka, Michal Pawlak, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: thermal conductivity, thin films, azo dye functionalization, thermal conductivityv
Objavljeno v RUNG: 23.09.2024; Ogledov: 483; Prenosov: 2
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3. Measuring thermal diffusivity of azoheteroarene thin layers by photothermal beam deflection and photothermal lens methodsAmeneh Mikaeeli, Dorota Korte, Humberto Cabrera, Dariusz Chomicki, Dariusz Dziczek, Oksana Kharchenko, Peng Song, Junyan Liu, Andreas D. Wieck, Michal Pawlak, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: thin films, photothermal spectroscopy, thermal transport, thermal wave, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity
Objavljeno v RUNG: 21.09.2023; Ogledov: 2221; Prenosov: 6
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4. A rational design of isoindigo-based conjugated microporous n-type semiconductors for high electron mobility and conductivityKayaramkodath C. Ranjeesh, Ayman Rezk, Jose Ignacio Martinez, Safa Gaber, Areej Merhi, Tina Škorjanc, Matjaž Finšgar, Gisha Elizabeth Luckachan, Ali Trabolsi, Bilal R. Kaafarani, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The development of n-type organic semiconductors has evolved significantly slower in comparison to that of p-type organic semiconductors mainly due to the lack of electron-deficient building blocks with stability and processability. However, to realize a variety of organic optoelectronic devices, high-performance n-type polymer semiconductors are essential. Herein, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) comprising isoindigo acceptor units linked to benzene or pyrene donor units (BI and PI) showing n-type semiconducting behavior are reported. In addition, considering the challenges of deposition of a continuous and homogeneous thin film of CMPs for accurate Hall measurements, a plasma-assisted fabrication technique is developed to yield uniform thin films. The fully conjugated 2D networks in PI- and BI-CMP films display high electron mobility of 6.6 and 3.5 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The higher carrier concentration in PI results in high conductivity (5.3 mS cm−1). Both experimental and computational studies are adequately combined to investigate structure–property relations for this intriguing class of materials in the context of organic electronics.
Ključne besede: conjugated microporous polymers, isoindigo, semiconductors, conductivity, electron mobility
Objavljeno v RUNG: 18.08.2023; Ogledov: 1794; Prenosov: 11
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5. Efficiency of the grid energy storage technology based on iron-chloride material cycleUroš Luin, doktorska disertacija Opis: Future high-capacity energy storage technologies are crucial for a highly renewable energy mix, and their mass deployment must rely on cheap and abundant materials, such as iron chloride. The iron chloride electrochemical cycle (ICEC), suitable for long-term grid energy storage using a redox potential change of Fe2+/Fe, involves the electrolysis of a highly concentrated aqueous FeCl2 solution yielding solid iron deposits. For the high overall energy efficiency of the cycle, it is crucial maximizing the energy efficiency of the electrolysis process. The thesis presents a study of the influence of electrolysis parameters on energy efficiency, performed in an industrial-type electrolyzer system. We studied the conductivity of the FeCl2 solution as a function of concentration and temperature and correlated it with the electrolysis energy efficiency as a function of current density. The contribution of the resistance polarization increases with the current density, causing a decrease in overall energy efficiency. The highest energy efficiency of 89 ±3 % was achieved using
2.5 mol dm-3 FeCl2 solution at 70 °C and a current density of 0.1 kA m-2.
In terms of the energy input per Fe mass, this means 1.88 Wh g-1. The limiting energy input per mass of the Fe-deposit, calculated by extrapolating experimental results toward Eocell potential, was found to be 1.76 Wh g-1. For optimal long-duration electrolysis efficiency and performance, the optimal catholyte concentration range is
1-2 mol dm-3 FeCl2. We performed in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy experimental studies to validate theoretical conclusions from literature related to the population and structure of Fe-species in the FeCl2 (aq) solution at different concentrations (1 - 4 mol dm-3) and temperatures (25 - 80 °C). This revealed that at low temperature and low FeCl2 concentration, the octahedral first coordination sphere around Fe is occupied by one Cl ion at a distance of 2.33 (±0.02) Å and five H2O at a distance of 2.095 (±0.005) Å. The structure of the ionic complex gradually changes with an increase in temperature and/or concentration. The apical H2O is substituted by a Cl ion to yield a neutral Fe[Cl2(H2O)4]0. The transition from the charged Fe[Cl(H2O)5]+ to the neutral Fe[Cl2(H2O)4]0 causes a significant drop in the solution conductivity, which well correlates with the existing state-of-the-art conductivity models. An additional steric impediment of the electrolytic cell is caused by the predominant neutral species present in the catholyte solution at high concentration. This correlates with poor electrolysis performance at a very high catholyte concentration (4 mol dm-3 FeCl2), especially at high current densities (> 1 kA m-2). The neutral Fe[Cl2(H2O)4]0 complex negatively affects the anion exchange membrane ion (Cl-) transfer and lowers the concentration of electroactive species (Fe[Cl(H2O)5]+) at the cathode surface. The kinetics of hydrogen evolution from the reaction between Fe powder and HCl acid was studied under the first-order reaction condition. The activation energy was determined to be 55.3 kJ mol-1.
Ključne besede: ICEC, Power-to-Solid, energy storage, hydrogen, ferrous chloride, electrolysis, Fe deposition, efficiency, XAS, structure and population, ionic species, ion association, conductivity
Objavljeno v RUNG: 18.04.2023; Ogledov: 2512; Prenosov: 39 (1 glas)
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6. Correlation between FeCl2 electrolyte conductivity and electrolysis efficiencyUroš Luin, Matjaž Valant, Iztok Arčon, 2022, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Opis: The electrolysis efficiency is an important aspect of the Power-to-Solid energy storage technology (EST) based
on the iron chloride electrochemical cycle [1]. This cycle employs an aqueous FeCl2 catholyte solution for the
electro-reduction of iron. The metal iron deposits on the cathode. The energy is stored as a difference in the
redox potential of iron species. Hydrogen, as an energy carrier, is released on demand over a fully controlled
hydrogen evolution reaction between metallic Fe0 and HCl (aq) [1]. Due to these characteristics, the cycle is
suitable for long-term high-capacity and high-power energy storage. In a previous work [2] we revealed that
the electrolyte conductivity linearly increases with temperature. Contrary, the correlation between the
electrolyte concentration and efficiency is not so straightforward. Unexpectedly small efficiency variations were
found between 1 and 2.5 mol dm-3 FeCl2 (aq) followed by an abrupt efficiency drop at higher concentrations.
To explain the behavior of the observed trends and elucidate the role of FeCl2 (aq) complex ionic species we
performed in situ X-ray absorption studies. We made a dedicated experimental setup, consisting of a tubular
oven and PMMA liquid absorption cell, and performed the measurements at the DESY synchrotron P65
beamline. The XAS investigation covered XANES and EXAFS analyses of FeCl2 (aq) at different
concentrations (1 - 4 molL-1) and temperatures (25 - 80 °C). We found that at low temperature and low FeCl2
concentration the octahedral first coordination sphere around Fe is occupied by one Cl ion at a distance of 2.33
(±0.02) Å and five water molecules at a distance of 2.095 (±0.005) Å [3]. The structure of the ionic complex
gradually changes with an increase in temperature and/or concentration. The apical water molecule is
substituted by a chlorine ion to yield a neutral Fe[Cl2(H2O)4]0. The transition from the single charged
Fe[Cl(H2O)5]+ to the neutral Fe[Cl2(H2O)4]0 causes a significant drop in the solution conductivity, which well
correlates with the existing conductivity models [3].
[1] M. Valant, “Procedure for electric energy storage in solid matter. United States Patent and
Trademark Office. Patent No. US20200308715,” Patent No. US20200308715, 2021.
[2] U. Luin and M. Valant, “Electrolysis energy efficiency of highly concentrated FeCl2 solutions
for power-to-solid energy storage technology,” J. Solid State Electrochem., vol. 26, no. 4, pp.
929–938, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1007/S10008-022-05132-Y.
[3] U. Luin, I. Arčon, and M. Valant, “Structure and Population of Complex Ionic Species in
FeCl2 Aqueous Solution by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy,” Molecules, vol. 27, no. 3, 2022,
doi: 10.3390/molecules27030642.
Ključne besede: Iron chloride electrochemical cycle, Power-to-Solid energy storage, XANES, EXAFS, electrical
conductivity, electrolyte complex ionic species structure and population
Objavljeno v RUNG: 26.09.2022; Ogledov: 2737; Prenosov: 0 (1 glas)
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7. Generalized Theory of Thermal Conductivity for Different Media: Solids to NanofluidsMohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, Sankararaman S, 2019, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The advent of nanotechnology in the 21st
century opened a new branch of nanoscience known as
nanofluids, finding a wide range of industrial applications
especially in heat transfer. Though the theory of thermal
conductivity of solids is well established, there is no such
conclusive model to explain the thermal conductivity of
nanofluids. In the present work we propose a generalized
theory for thermal conductivity applicable to materials ranging
from heterogeneous solids, porous materials, nanofluids, and
ferrofluids. The model could explain the effective thermal
conductivity of not only the combination of solids but also
solid−fluid mixtures. The proposed theory could successfully
link the existing models for porous solid materials and
nanofluids as its special cases. The proposed model is verified against experimental data by simulating the theoretical equations
Ključne besede: thermal conductivity, generalised model, Sankar-Loeb model
Objavljeno v RUNG: 05.07.2022; Ogledov: 1909; Prenosov: 0
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8. Absolute Porosity Analysis in Carbon Allotropic Nanofluids: A Sankar–Swapna Model ApproachMohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, SREEJYOTHI S, Sankararaman S, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Porous materials have gained significant attention in recent years as a class of material exhibiting
interesting chemical and physical properties. The existing methods of porosity analysis have limitations that
prevent absolute porosity measurement. Hence, a technique independent of surface physical properties alone
can give the absolute porosity of the material. The porosity greatly influences the thermal diffusivity of a
material. The manuscript is the first report of employing the Sankar–Swapna model for analyzing the porosity variations in carbon allotropic nanofluids. The model helps not only in getting information about the absolute porosity variations among samples, but also suggests morphological modifications through the thermal diffusivity study using the sensitive single-beam thermal lens technique. The variations in thermal diffusivity and absolute porosity values are also correlated to morphological modifications based on the theoretical model and thereby proposing this as a surrogate method for absolute porosity analysis.
Ključne besede: absolute porosity, Sankar–Swapna model, thermal diffusivity, thermal lens, thermal conductivity
Objavljeno v RUNG: 04.07.2022; Ogledov: 2137; Prenosov: 0
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9. Investigations of the Thermal Parameters of Hybrid Sol–Gel Coatings Using Nondestructive Photothermal TechniquesŁukasz Chrobak, Dorota Korte, Hanna Budasheva, Miroslaw Malinski, Peter Rodič, Ingrid Milošev, Sylwia Janta-Lipińska, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: hybrid sol–gel coatings, non-destructive testing, photothermal radiometry, photothermal beam deflection spectrometry, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity
Objavljeno v RUNG: 03.06.2022; Ogledov: 2637; Prenosov: 33
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10. Through-plane and in-plane thermal diffusivity determination of graphene nanoplatelets by photothermal beam deflection spectrometryHumberto Cabrera, Dorota Korte, Hanna Budasheva, Behnaz Abbasgholi N. Asbaghi, Stefano Bellucci, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: In this work, in-plane and through-plane thermal diffusivities and conductivities of a freestanding
sheet of graphene nanoplatelets are determined using photothermal beam deflection spectrometry.
Two experimental methods were employed in order to observe the effect of load pressures
on the thermal diffusivity and conductivity of the materials. The in-plane thermal diffusivity was
determined by the use of a slope method supported by a new theoretical model, whereas the
through-plane thermal diffusivity was determined by a frequency scan method in which the obtained
data were processed with a specifically developed least-squares data processing algorithm.
On the basis of the determined values, the in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivities and
their dependences on the values of thermal diffusivity were found. The results show a significant
difference in the character of thermal parameter dependence between the two methods. In the case
of the in-plane configuration of the experimental setup, the thermal conductivity decreases with the
increase in thermal diffusivity, whereas with the through-plane variant, the thermal conductivity
increases with an increase in thermal diffusivity for the whole range of the loading pressure used.
This behavior is due to the dependence of heat propagation on changes introduced in the graphene
nano-platelets structure by compression.
Ključne besede: graphene nanoplatelets, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, photothermal spectrometry
Objavljeno v RUNG: 30.11.2021; Ogledov: 2825; Prenosov: 71
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