1. Advantages and disadvantages of experiments with ultrashort two-color pulsesMatija Stupar, 2020, doktorska disertacija Opis: Advances in the development of lasers have led to a new class of radiation sources generating coherent, tunable, ultrashort light pulses in the spectral region ranging from infrared to soft X-rays. This includes high-order harmonics generation in gas (HHG), on which relies the CITIUS facility at University of Nova Gorica (Slovenia), and free-electron lasers (FELs), such as the facility FERMI at Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste (Italy). The distinctive structure of HHG and FEL radiation paved the way to time-resolved experiments, which are performed to investigate events occurring on a short, or very short, temporal scale, from picoseconds to femtoseconds.
This work focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of some experimental techniques based on using these novel light sources to investigate the microscopic and/or ultrafast dynamics of matter samples, which have been previously driven out of equilibrium.
Advantages rely on the implementation of various applications based on two-color schemes and, more specifically, include the possibility of acquiring two-dimensional frequency maps, measuring electrons’ effective masses, or investigating electronic properties decoupled from the influence of the lattice. Particular focus will be put on experimental methods relying on photoelectric effect and photoelectron spectroscopy. In all experiments, we took advantage of one or more specific properties of HHG and FEL sources, such as controllable chirp, to study laser dressed states in helium, variable polarization, to study electronic properties of iron-based pnictides and ultrashort pulses (< 10 fs) to study the purely electronic dynamics in transition metal dichalcogenides.
On the other hand, the study of the interface between a molecule and a topological insulator revealed some intrinsic limitations and physical drawbacks of the technique, such as spurious effects originating from the high power pulses, like multiphoton absorption and the space charge effect, or the reduction of experimental resolution when pushing for shorter and shorter pulse durations. Some disadvantages are also connected to the current state-of-the-art in the field of ultrashort laser systems, where a trade-off needs to be found between repetition rate and laser power.
Finally, state-of-the-art experiments based on the ability to generate ultrashort pulses carrying orbital angular momentum in visible, near-infrared as well as extreme UV range will be presented. The use of these pulses opens the door to the investigation of new physical phenomena, such as probing magnetic vortices using extreme ultraviolet light from a free-electron laser or imprinting the spatial distribution of an ultrashort infrared pulse carrying orbital angular momentum onto a photoelectron wave packet.
Najdeno v: ključnih besedah
Ključne besede: ultrafast lasers, two-color experiments, photoemission, high-order harmonic generation, free-electron lasers, hot-electrons dynamics, surface science, pump-probe photoemission, ultraviolet photoemission, orbital angular momentum
Objavljeno: 02.12.2020; Ogledov: 2724; Prenosov: 100
 Polno besedilo (19,78 MB) |
2. AugerNext: R&D studies at the Pierre Auger Observatory for a next generation ground-based ultra-high energy cosmic-ray experimentMarko Zavrtanik, Danilo Zavrtanik, Lili Yang, Serguei Vorobiov, Darko Veberič, Marta Trini, Samo Stanič, Ahmed Saleh, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Andrej Filipčič, Andreas Haungs, 2015, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: The findings so far of the Pierre Auger Observatory and those
of the Telescope Array define some requirements for a possible
next generation global cosmic ray observatory: it needs to be
considerably increased in size, it needs enhanced sensitivity
to composition, and it has to cover the full sky. At the Pierre
Auger Observatory, AugerNext aims to conduct some innovative
initial research studies on a design of a sophisticated hybrid
detector fulfilling these demands. Within a European supported
ASPERA/APPEC (Astroparticle Physics European Consortium)
project for the years 2011-2014, such R&D studies primarily
focused on the following areas: i) consolidation of the
detection of cosmic rays using MHz radio antennas; ii) proof-
of-principle of cosmic ray microwave detection; iii) test of
the large-scale application of new generation photo sensors;
iv) generalization of data communication techniques; and v)
development of new schemes for muon detection with surface
arrays. The AugerNext Consortium consists of 14 principal
investigators from 9 countries. This contribution summarizes
some achievements of the R&D studies within the AugerNext
project.
Najdeno v: ključnih besedah
Povzetek najdenega: ...ultra-high energy cosmic-ray experiments,
Pierre Auger Observatory, Telescope Array,
AugerNext research and development...
Ključne besede: ultra-high energy cosmic-ray experiments, Pierre Auger Observatory, Telescope Array, AugerNext research and development study
Objavljeno: 03.03.2016; Ogledov: 3884; Prenosov: 194
Polno besedilo (594,23 KB) |
3. Complementarity of Galactic radio and collider data in constraining WIMP dark matter modelsYann Mambrini, Michel H.G. Tytgat, Gabrijela Zaharijas, Brzan Zaldívar, 2012, izvirni znanstveni članek Najdeno v: ključnih besedah
Povzetek najdenega: ...dark matter theory, dark matter experiments, absorption, radiation, ...
Ključne besede: dark matter theory, dark matter experiments, absorption, radiation
Objavljeno: 09.05.2017; Ogledov: 3077; Prenosov: 20
 Polno besedilo (0,00 KB) |
4. High Energy AstrophysicsLili Yang, prispevek na konferenci brez natisa Opis: I was invited as a lecturer at the Sumer School on Astrophysics and Astroparticles in Petnica Serbia. I gave talks on "High Energy Astrophysics", where I mainly focused on the production, propagation and detection of high energy astroparticles. Especially, I introduced the current experiments and technique and facilities.
Najdeno v: ključnih besedah
Povzetek najdenega: ...energy astroparticles. Especially, I introduced the current experiments and technique and facilities....
Ključne besede: High-energy astroparticles, experiments, detection, production
Objavljeno: 06.12.2016; Ogledov: 4190; Prenosov: 0
Polno besedilo (16,77 MB)
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5. Search for photons with energies above 10^18 eV using the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger ObservatoryMarko Zavrtanik, Danilo Zavrtanik, Lili Yang, Serguei Vorobiov, Darko Veberič, Marta Trini, Samo Stanič, Ahmed Saleh, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Andrej Filipčič, A. Aab, 2017, izvirni znanstveni članek Najdeno v: ključnih besedah
Povzetek najdenega: ...high energy (UHE) cosmic rays, cosmic ray experiments,
Pierre Auger Observatory, UHE photon search...
Ključne besede: ultra high energy (UHE) cosmic rays, cosmic ray experiments, Pierre Auger Observatory, UHE photon search
Objavljeno: 13.04.2017; Ogledov: 3285; Prenosov: 0
Polno besedilo (775,01 KB) |
6. Indirect Detection ExperimentsGabrijela Zaharijas, 2017, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci (vabljeno predavanje) Najdeno v: ključnih besedah
Ključne besede: We live in a golden age for astro-particle physics, with a significant number of experiments actively monitoring high-energy Universe. Many of these probes provide excellent tests of particle physics models of dark matter particles. In particular, experiments such as Fermi -LAT, AMS-02, Ice Cube, ... are significantly cutting into the parameter space of one of the most popular candidates, the WIMPs. In this talk I will describe some of the strategies and methods used to search for dark matter with astrophysical data. Special attention will be given to the latest indications of an unaccounted gamma-ray excess at few GeV in the Fermi-LAT data in the region around the Galactic Centre, which steered lots of attention as it was shown to be consistent with putative signals of WIMP dark matter particles and complementary constraints provided by other experiments. Finally I will discuss projections of the expected sensitivities with upcoming experiments and continued data taking with current ones.
Objavljeno: 17.07.2017; Ogledov: 4109; Prenosov: 0
Polno besedilo (50,35 MB) |
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9. Dispersion experiments in central London: The 2007 DAPPLE projectCurtis R Wood, Samantha J Arnold, Ahmed A Balogun, Janet F Barlow, Stephen E Belcher, Rex E Britter, Hong Cheng, Adrian Dobre, Justin J N Lingard, Damien Martin, Marina K Neophytou, Fredrik K Petersson, Alan G Robins, Dudley E. Shallcross, Robert J Smalley, James E Tate, Alison S Tomlin, Iain R White, 2009, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: In the event of a release of toxic gas in the center of London, emergency services personnel would need to determine quickly the extent of the area contaminated. The transport of pollutants by turbulent flow within the complex streets and building architecture of London, United Kingdom, is not straightforward, and we might wonder whether it is at all possible to make a scientifically reasoned decision. Here, we describe recent progress from a major U.K. project, Dispersion of Air Pollution and its Penetration into the Local Environment (DAPPLE; information online at www.dapple.org.uk). In DAPPLE, we focus on the movement of airborne pollutants in cities by developing a greater understanding of atmospheric flow and dispersion within urban street networks. In particular, we carried out full-scale dispersion experiments in central London from 2003 through 2008 to address the extent of the dispersion of tracers following their release at street level. These measurements complemented previous studies because 1) our focus was on dispersion within the first kilometer from the source, when most of the material was expected to remain within the street network rather than being mixed into the boundary layer aloft; 2) measurements were made under a wide variety of meteorological conditions; and 3) central London represents a European, rather than North American, city geometry. Interpretation of the results from the full-scale experiments was supported by extensive numerical and wind tunnel modeling, which allowed more detailed analysis under idealized and controlled conditions. In this article, we review the full-scale DAPPLE methodologies and show early results from the analysis of the 2007 field campaign data.
Najdeno v: ključnih besedah
Ključne besede: Air quality, Atmospheric thermodynamics, Dispersions, Experiments
Objavljeno: 18.07.2019; Ogledov: 3246; Prenosov: 0
Polno besedilo (17,86 MB) |
10. Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array for probing cosmology and fundamental physics with gamma-ray propagationSerguei Vorobiov, Samo Stanič, Christopher Eckner, R. Adam, A. Acharyya, F. Acero, H. Abe, H. Abdalla, Gabrijela Zaharijas, Marko Zavrtanik, Danilo Zavrtanik, Miha Živec, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the new-generation ground-based observatory for γ astronomy, provides unique capabilities to address significant open questions in astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. We study some of the salient areas of γ cosmology that can be explored as part of the Key Science Projects of CTA, through simulated observations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and of their relativistic jets. Observations of AGN with CTA will enable a measurement of γ absorption on the extragalactic background light with a statistical uncertainty below 15% up to a redshift z=2 and to constrain or detect γ halos up to intergalactic-magnetic-field strengths of at least 0.3 pG . Extragalactic observations with CTA also show promising potential to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. The best limits on Lorentz invariance violation from γ astronomy will be improved by a factor of at least two to three. CTA will also probe the parameter space in which axion-like particles could constitute a significant fraction, if not all, of dark matter. We conclude on the synergies between CTA and other upcoming facilities that will foster the growth of γ cosmology.
Najdeno v: ključnih besedah
Povzetek najdenega: ...Cherenkov Telescope Array, active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray experiments, axions, extragalactic magnetic fields...
Ključne besede: Cherenkov Telescope Array, active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray experiments, axions, extragalactic magnetic fields
Objavljeno: 02.03.2021; Ogledov: 1590; Prenosov: 67
Polno besedilo (0,00 KB)
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