1. AugerPrime surface detector electronicsA. Abdul Halim, Andrej Filipčič, Jon Paul Lundquist, Shima Ujjani Shivashankara, Samo Stanič, Serguei Vorobiov, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Operating since 2004, the Pierre Auger Observatory has led to major advances in our
understanding of the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The latest findings have revealed new insights that led to the upgrade of the Observatory, with the primary goal of obtaining information on the primary mass of the most energetic cosmic rays on a shower-by-shower basis. In the framework of the upgrade, called AugerPrime, the 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors of the surface array are equipped with plastic scintillators and radio antennas, allowing us to enhance the composition sensitivity. To accommodate new detectors and to increase experimental capabilities, the electronics
is also upgraded. This includes better timing with up-to-date GPS receivers, higher sampling
frequency, increased dynamic range, and more powerful local processing of the data. In this paper, the design characteristics of the new electronics and the enhanced dynamic range will be described. The manufacturing and test processes will be outlined and the test results will be discussed. The calibration of the SD detector and various performance parameters obtained from the analysis of the first commissioning data will also be presented. Ključne besede: ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, Pierre Auger Observatory, AugerPrime detector upgrade, surface detector array, surface detector electronics Objavljeno v RUNG: 18.10.2023; Ogledov: 299; Prenosov: 4
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2. Ultrahigh-Energy multi-messengers at the Pierre Auger ObservatoryFrancisco Pedreira, Andrej Filipčič, Gašper Kukec Mezec, Ahmed Saleh, Samo Stanič, Marta Trini, Serguei Vorobiov, Lili Yang, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Lukas Zehrer, 2019, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: The study of correlations between observations of different messengers from extreme sources of the Universe has emerged as an outstanding way to make progress in astrophysics. The Pierre Auger Observatory is capable of significant contributions as an ultra-high energy particle detector, particularly through its capability to search for inclined showers produced by neutrinos. We describe the neutrino searches made with
the Observatory with particular emphasis on the recent results following the detections of
gravitational waves from binary mergers with Advanced LIGO and VIRGO, leading to competitive limits. Ključne besede: ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays (CRs), Pierre Auger Observatory, UHE neutrinos, multi-messenger astrophysics Objavljeno v RUNG: 11.10.2023; Ogledov: 293; Prenosov: 5
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3. Studies of the UHECR Mass Composition and Hadronic Interactions with the FD and SD of the Pierre Auger ObservatoryJ.M. Carceller, Andrej Filipčič, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Ahmed Saleh, Samo Stanič, Marta Trini, Serguei Vorobiov, Lili Yang, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Lukas Zehrer, 2019, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: With data on the depth of maximum Xmax collected during more than a decade of operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we report on the inferences on the mass composition of UHECRs in the energy range E = 10[sup]17.2 − 10[sup]19.6 eV and on the measurements of the proton-air cross section for energies up to 10[sup]18.5 eV. We also present the results on Xmax obtained using the information on the particle arrival times recorded by the SD stations allowing us to extend the Xmax measurements up to 10[sup]20 eV. The inferences on mass composition, in particular using the data of the SD, are subject to systematic uncertainties
due to uncertainties in the description of hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies. We
discuss this problem with respect to the properties of the muonic component of extensive
air-showers as derived from the SD data. Ključne besede: ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), extensive air showers (EAS), EAS muonic component, EAS electromagnetic component, Pierre Auger Observatory, UHECR mass composition, UHECR hadronic interactions Objavljeno v RUNG: 11.10.2023; Ogledov: 289; Prenosov: 8
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4. Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum with the Pierre Auger ObservatoryDaniela Mockler, Andrej Filipčič, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Ahmed Saleh, Samo Stanič, Marta Trini, Serguei Vorobiov, Lili Yang, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Lukas Zehrer, 2019, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: The flux of ultra-high energy cosmic rays above 3×10[sup]17 eV has been measured with unprecedented precision at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The flux of the cosmic rays is determined by four different measurements. The surface detector array provides three data sets, two formed by dividing the data into two zenith angle ranges, and one obtained from a nested, denser detector array. The fourth measurement is obtained with the fluorescence detector. By combining all four data sets, the all-sky flux of cosmic rays is determined. The spectral features are discussed in detail and systematic uncertainties are addressed. Ključne besede: ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), Pierre Auger Observatory, UHECR energy spectrum Objavljeno v RUNG: 11.10.2023; Ogledov: 275; Prenosov: 6
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5. Status of the AugerPrime upgrade of the Pierre Auger ObservatoryNiraj Dhital, Andrej Filipčič, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Ahmed Saleh, Samo Stanič, Marta Trini, Serguei Vorobiov, Lili Yang, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Lukas Zehrer, 2019, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: The Pierre Auger Observatory has been very successful in determining many aspects of the highest-energy cosmic rays including, among others, the flux suppression at energies above
4 × 10[sup]19 eV, stringent upper limits on photon and neutrino fluxes at ultra-high energies and an unexpected evolution of the mass composition with energy.
We expect an extension of the frontiers of our knowledge on these aspects from a major
upgrade of the Observatory. The upgrade, known as AugerPrime, will include an addition
of a 4 sq. m Surface Scintillator Detector atop each water-Cherenkov station of the Surface
array. The new detectors will provide us with an unprecedented opportunity to perform
a complementary measurement of the shower particles and thus determine the primary
mass composition with good accuracy on an event-by-event basis. AugerPrime will also
include an upgrade of electronics, installation of the AMIGA Underground Muon Detector and a change of observation mode of the Fluorescence Detector, which will increase its current duty cycle by about 50%. Current status of the upgrade with the main focus on the Surface Scintillator Detectors will be presented, following a brief description of the physics motivation for the upgrade. Ključne besede: ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), Pierre Auger Observatory, AugerPrime upgrade Objavljeno v RUNG: 11.10.2023; Ogledov: 264; Prenosov: 5
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6. Results from the Pierre Auger ObservatoryEsteban Roulet, Andrej Filipčič, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Ahmed Saleh, Samo Stanič, Marta Trini, Serguei Vorobiov, Lili Yang, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Lukas Zehrer, 2019, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: Some of the results on ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays that have been obtained with the Pierre Auger Observatory are presented. These include measurements of the spectrum, composition and anisotropies. Possible astrophysical scenarios that account for these results are discussed. Ključne besede: ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), Pierre Auger Observatory, UHECR energy spectrum, UHECR anisotropies, UHECR mass composition Objavljeno v RUNG: 11.10.2023; Ogledov: 236; Prenosov: 5
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7. Highlights from the Telescope Array ExperimentJ. Kim, Jon Paul Lundquist, 2023, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci (vabljeno predavanje) Opis: The Telescope Array (TA) is the largest ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) observatory in the Northern Hemisphere. Together with the TA Low Energy Extension (TALE), TA×4, and TALE infill detector, the TA measures the properties of UHECR-induced extensive air showers (EAS) in the energy region from 10^15 eV to over 10^20 eV. Each of these uses a hybrid system with an array of scintillators to sample the footprint of the EAS at the Earth’s surface along with telescopes that measure the fluorescence and Cherenkov light from the EAS. The statistics at the highest energies are being enhanced with the TA×4 detector, half completed but still under construction, which will quadruple the surface detector area with telescopes. The TALE infill surface detectors were recently deployed to further lower the hybrid energy threshold of TALE. We present the status of the experiment and recent results on the energy spectrum, mass composition, and anisotropy, including new features in the energy spectrum at about 10^19.2 eV and in the UHECR arrival direction anisotropy. Ključne besede: Telescope Array, TALE, low energy extension, TAx4, indirect detection, hybrid detection, ground array, surface detection, fluorescence detection, cerenkov light, ultra-high energy, cosmic rays, energy spectrum, composition, anisotropy Objavljeno v RUNG: 10.10.2023; Ogledov: 249; Prenosov: 6
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8. Effect of optical properties of FDs on reconstruction analysisD. Sato, Jon Paul Lundquist, 2023, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: The TA experiment uses fluorescence telescopes to observe cosmic ray air showers. The telescope camera uses PMTs as Pixels. The telescope’s PMT pointing direction has an uncertainty of 0.1°, and more precise measurements of the telescope's optical properties are needed to more accurately reconstruct the cosmic ray air showers. We have developed the Opt-copter which is a light source mounted on a drone that can be flown within the telescope's field of view. Observational experiments with the Opt-copter have provided a more accurate analysis of the telescope viewing direction.
In this study, we estimate the effect of this measurement of accurate telescope viewing direction on the reconstruction of cosmic ray air showers. Ključne besede: Telescope Array, indirect detection, fluorescence detection, ultra-high energy, cosmic rays, composition, calibration, Xmax Objavljeno v RUNG: 10.10.2023; Ogledov: 254; Prenosov: 6
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9. Effects of atmospheric transparency on TA air shower analysisK. Mizuno, Jon Paul Lundquist, 2023, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: The Telescope Array (TA) experiment continues to observe Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) both with its original TA detectors as well as with the new TAx4 expansion detectors. These observations employ Fluorescence Detectors (FDs) to capture the air shower induced by the primary UHECRs. The FD observes fluorescence light emitted from atmospheric nitrogen molecules excited by air shower particles. Observation of the FD extends over tens of kilometers, and the fluorescence light is attenuated by scattering from atmospheric molecules and aerosols during the propagation process. Seasonal dependence was found when evaluating the attenuation of fluorescence by aerosols. We will report on the effects of this seasonal dependence on TA air shower analysis. Ključne besede: Telescope Array, TAx4, indirect detection, fluorescence detection, ultra-high energy, cosmic rays, atmosphere, calibration, VAOD Objavljeno v RUNG: 10.10.2023; Ogledov: 257; Prenosov: 6
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10. Updates of the surface detector array of the TAx4 experimentE. Kido, Jon Paul Lundquist, 2023, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: The TAx4 experiment plans to realize an Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) detection area four times larger than that of the TA experiment. TAx4 will include five hundreds new surface detectors (SD) spaced at 2.08 km and two new fluorescence detectors (FD), which provides hybrid observation of UHECRs. We deployed 257 SDs in 2019 and completed building 2 FD stations in 2020, all operating stably. The data acquisition of the SDs is made via six communication towers, and inter-tower triggers have been recently implemented. Ključne besede: Telescope Array, TAx4, indirect detection, surface detection, ground array, ultra-high energy, cosmic rays Objavljeno v RUNG: 10.10.2023; Ogledov: 250; Prenosov: 6
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