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1.
Ordered algebraic structure in a linear code
Hashem Bordbar, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: In this article, we initiate an exploration of the algebraic structures within coding theory. Specifically, we focus on the potential for an ordered al- gebraic structure, known as a BCI-algebra, within an arbitrary linear code C. We demonstrate that any binary linear code C of length n, where n is a positive integer, can be equipped with a BCI-algebra structure between its codewords. This structure is called BCI-algebra over the code C and denoted by (BCI)C -algebra. To establish this structure, we define an operation ∗C be- tween the codewords and investigate its properties. Additionally, we introduce the concept of subcodes within a code and examine the relationship between these subcodes and the ideals of a BCI-algebra over code C. Furthermore, we define a binary relation among codewords and prove that code C, under this relation—referred to as the (BCI)C -order—forms a partially ordered set. Lastly, we show that the generator matrix of a binary linear code C contains the minimal codewords of C with respect to the (BCI)C -order.
Ključne besede: BCI-algebra, binary linear block codes, subcodes, partially ordered set, lexicographic order
Objavljeno v RUNG: 05.12.2024; Ogledov: 131; Prenosov: 0
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2.
Scienza senza confini : l'ǂesempio dei profitaliani nell'ateneo di Nova Gorica
2024, intervju

Objavljeno v RUNG: 05.12.2024; Ogledov: 127; Prenosov: 0
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Afforestation of common land in the Classical Karst : relations between the authorities, the local population, and the economic consequences of afforestation
Nikita Peresin Meden, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: The findings of environmental history are in the service of ecology and represent an important contribution to the understanding of the sustainable management of land. The aim of this article is to shed light on the relations between the local population and the authorities regarding the afforestation of common land in Komen in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, placing them in a broader Mediterranean context. The local population was not opposed to afforestation per se, but to the prohibition of usufruct on afforested land, which had major economic consequences for the local population. Authorities did not always take into consideration the annual agricultural processes, local customs, and natural resource needs in their afforestation decisions. The prohibition of usufruct was followed by a shortage of fodder and firewood, which led to forest violations to satisfy demands. Thus, afforestation has undermined the basis of agriculture. In addition, already afforested land remained under common ownership for a relatively long time.
Ključne besede: common land, Karst, afforestation, Mediterranean, environmental history
Objavljeno v RUNG: 03.12.2024; Ogledov: 151; Prenosov: 0
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5.
Uncertainty modeling and stability assessment of minimum spanning trees in network design
Ahmad Hosseini, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: The Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) problem in networks focuses on finding efficient routes, with applications in transportation, logistics, telecommunications, and more. However, catastrophes can make these networks uncertain, requiring robust computational models for decision-making. This paper introduces an uncertainty theory-based model to analyze the stability of MSTs in uncertain networks. By incorporating reliability and risk variables, we assess the robustness of uncertain MSTs (UMSTs) and address the challenge of computing link tolerances, which define the range within which network links can vary without compromising MST optimality. This study proposes computational formulations to systematically calculate these tolerances, offering a more efficient alternative to traditional re-optimization methods.
Ključne besede: operations research, transportation, sensitivity analysis, uncertainty, reliability
Objavljeno v RUNG: 03.12.2024; Ogledov: 156; Prenosov: 0
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6.
Impact of dust source patchiness on the existence of a constant dust flux layer during aeolian erosion events
Sylvain Dupont, Martina Klose, M. R. Irvine, Cristina González-Flórez, A. Alastuey, J.-M. Bonnefond, P. Dagsson‐Waldhauserova, Adolfo Gonzalez-Romero, Tareq Hussein, Jesús Yus-Díez, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: Abstract Dust emission fluxes during wind soil erosion are usually estimated using a dust concentration vertical gradient, by assuming a constant dust flux layer between the surface and the dust measurement levels. Here, we investigate the existence of this layer during erosion events recorded in Iceland and Jordan. Size‐resolved dust fluxes were estimated at three levels between 2 and 4 m using the eddy‐covariance method. Dust fluxes were found mainly constant only between the two upper levels in Iceland, the lower dust flux being often stronger and richer in coarse particles, while dust fluxes in Jordan were nearly constant across all levels. The wind dynamics could not explain the absence of a constant dust flux layer in Iceland. We show that the presence of stationary dust source patches in Iceland, related to surface humidity, created a non‐uniform dust layer near the surface, named dust roughness sublayer (DRSL), where individual plumes behind each patch interact but do not fully mix. The lowest dust measurement level was probably located within this sublayer while the upper ones were located above, such that there the emitted dust became spatially well‐mixed. This explains near the surface in Iceland, the more intermittent dust concentration, its low correlation with the dust concentrations above, and the richer dust flux in coarse particles due to their lower deposition contribution. Our findings highlight the importance of estimating dust fluxes above a dust blending height whose characteristics depend on the dust source patchiness caused by surface humidity or the presence of sparse non‐erosive elements.
Ključne besede: dust emission, turbulence, dust fluxes, dust source patchiness
Objavljeno v RUNG: 29.11.2024; Ogledov: 229; Prenosov: 0
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7.
Intercomparison and characterization of 23 Aethalometers under laboratory and ambient air conditions : procedures and unit-to-unit variabilities
Andrea Cuesta-Mosquera, Griša Močnik, Luka Drinovec, Thomas Müller, Sascha Pfeifer, Maria Cruz Minguillon, Björn Briel, Paul Buckley, Vadimas Dudoitis, Jesús Yus-Díez, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: Abstract. Aerosolized black carbon is monitored worldwide to quantify its impact on air quality and climate. Given its importance, measurements of black carbon mass concentrations must be conducted with instruments operating in quality-checked and ensured conditions to generate data which are reliable and comparable temporally and geographically. In this study, we report the results from the largest characterization and intercomparison of filter-based absorption photometers, the Aethalometer model AE33, belonging to several European monitoring networks. Under controlled laboratory conditions, a total of 23 instruments measured mass concentrations of black carbon from three well-characterized aerosol sources: synthetic soot, nigrosin particles, and ambient air from the urban background of Leipzig, Germany. The objective was to investigate the individual performance of the instruments and their comparability; we analyzed the response of the instruments to the different aerosol sources and the impact caused by the use of obsolete filter materials and the application of maintenance activities. Differences in the instrument-to-instrument variabilities from equivalent black carbon (eBC) concentrations reported at 880 nm were determined before maintenance activities (for soot measurements, average deviation from total least square regression was −2.0 % and the range −16 % to 7 %; for nigrosin measurements, average deviation was 0.4 % and the range −15 % to 17 %), and after they were carried out (for soot measurements, average deviation was −1.0 % and the range −14 % to 8 %; for nigrosin measurements, the average deviation was 0.5 % and the range −12 % to 15 %). The deviations are in most of the cases explained by the type of filter material employed by the instruments, the total particle load on the filter, and the flow calibration. The results of this intercomparison activity show that relatively small unit-to-unit variability of AE33-based particle light absorbing measurements is possible with well-maintained instruments. It is crucial to follow the guidelines for maintenance activities and the use of the proper filter tape in the AE33 to ensure high quality and comparable black carbon (BC) measurements among international observational networks.
Ključne besede: Aethalometer AE33, filter photometers
Objavljeno v RUNG: 29.11.2024; Ogledov: 216; Prenosov: 0
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8.
Probing Iceland's dust-emitting sediments: : particle size distribution, mineralogy, cohesion, Fe mode of occurrence, and reflectance spectra signatures
Adolfo Gonzalez-Romero, Cristina González-Flórez, Agnesh Panta, Jesús Yus-Díez, Patricia Córdoba, Andrés Alastuey, Natalia Moreno, Konrad Kandler, Martina Klose, Roger N. Clark, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: Abstract. Characterising the physico-chemical properties of dust-emitting sediments in arid regions is fundamental to understanding the effects of dust on climate and ecosystems. However, knowledge regarding high-latitude dust (HLD) remains limited. This study focuses on analysing the particle size distribution (PSD), mineralogy, cohesion, iron (Fe) mode of occurrence, and visible–near infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectra of dust-emitting sediments from dust hotspots in Iceland (HLD region). Extensive analysis was conducted on samples of top sediments, sediments, and aeolian ripples collected from seven dust sources, with particular emphasis on the Jökulsá basin, encompassing the desert of Dyngjunsandur. Both fully and minimally dispersed PSDs and their respective mass median particle diameters revealed remarkable similarities (56 ± 69 and 55 ± 62 µm, respectively). Mineralogical analyses indicated the prevalence of amorphous phases (68 ± 26 %), feldspars (17 ± 13 %), and pyroxenes (9.3 ± 7.2 %), consistent with thorough analyses of VNIR reflectance spectra. The Fe content reached 9.5 ± 0.40 wt %, predominantly within silicate structures (80 ± 6.3 %), complemented by magnetite (16 ± 5.5 %), hematite/goethite (4.5 ± 2.7 %), and readily exchangeable Fe ions or Fe nano-oxides (1.6 ± 0.63 %). Icelandic top sediments exhibited coarser PSDs compared to the high dust-emitting crusts from mid-latitude arid regions, distinctive mineralogy, and a 3-fold bulk Fe content, with a significant presence of magnetite. The congruence between fully and minimally dispersed PSDs underscores reduced particle aggregation and cohesion of Icelandic top sediments, suggesting that aerodynamic entrainment of dust could also play a role upon emission in this region, alongside saltation bombardment. The extensive analysis in Dyngjusandur enabled the development of a conceptual model to encapsulate Iceland's rapidly evolving high dust-emitting environments.
Ključne besede: mineral dust, high-latitude dust, Icelandic dust, aerosol particles
Objavljeno v RUNG: 29.11.2024; Ogledov: 194; Prenosov: 0
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9.
Characterization of the particle size distribution, mineralogy, and Fe mode of occurrence of dust-emitting sediments from the Mojave Desert, California, USA
Adolfo Gonzalez-Romero, Cristina González-Flórez, Agnesh Panta, Jesús Yus-Díez, Patricia Córdoba, Andrés Alastuey, Natalia Jiménez-Moreno, Melani Hernández-Chiriboga, Konrad Kandler, Martina Klose, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: Abstract. Constraining dust models to understand and quantify the effect of dust upon climate and ecosystems requires comprehensive analyses of the physiochemical properties of dust-emitting sediments in arid regions. Building upon previous studies in the Moroccan Sahara and Iceland, we analyse a diverse set of crusts and aeolian ripples (n=55) from various potential dust-emitting basins within the Mojave Desert, California, USA. Our focus is on characterizing the particle size distribution (PSD), mineralogy, aggregation/cohesion state, and Fe mode of occurrence. Our results show differences in fully and minimally dispersed PSDs, with crusts exhibiting average median diameters of 92 and 37 µm, respectively, compared to aeolian ripples with 226 and 213 µm, respectively. Mineralogical analyses unveiled strong variations between crusts and ripples, with crusts being enriched in phyllosilicates (24 % vs. 7.8 %), carbonates (6.6 % vs. 1.1 %), Na salts (7.3 % vs. 1.1 %), and zeolites (1.2 % and 0.12 %) and ripples being enriched in feldspars (48 % vs. 37 %), quartz (32 % vs. 16 %), and gypsum (4.7 % vs. 3.1 %). The size fractions from crust sediments display a homogeneous mineralogy, whereas those of aeolian ripples display more heterogeneity, mostly due to different particle aggregation. Bulk Fe content analyses indicate higher concentrations in crusts (3.0 ± 1.3 wt %) compared to ripples (1.9 ± 1.1 wt %), with similar proportions in their Fe mode of occurrence: nano-sized Fe oxides and readily exchangeable Fe represent ∼1.6 %, hematite and goethite ∼15 %, magnetite/maghemite ∼2.0 %, and structural Fe in silicates ∼80 % of the total Fe. We identified segregation patterns in the PSD and mineralogy differences in Na salt content within the Mojave basins, which can be explained by sediment transportation dynamics and precipitates due to groundwater table fluctuations described in previous studies in the region. Mojave Desert crusts show similarities with previously sampled crusts in the Moroccan Sahara in terms of the PSD and readily exchangeable Fe yet exhibit substantial differences in mineralogical composition, which should significantly influence the characteristic of the emitted dust particles.
Ključne besede: mineral dust, iron oxides
Objavljeno v RUNG: 29.11.2024; Ogledov: 197; Prenosov: 0
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10.
Database of the Western South Slavic verb hyperverb (WeSoSlaV) : deverbal nominalizations
Boban Arsenijević, Franc Marušič, Stefan Milosavljević, Petra Mišmaš, Marko Simonović, Rok Žaucer, 2024, zaključena znanstvena zbirka raziskovalnih podatkov

Opis: This dataset includes the annotation of deverbal nominalizations in two South Slavic languages, Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian/Montenegrin (BCMS) and Slovenian, as part of the Database of the Western South Slavic Verb (WeSoSlaV), which focuses on the most frequent verbs in these two languages (see WeSoSlaV_nominalizations_instructions).  
Ključne besede: zbirke podatkov
Objavljeno v RUNG: 29.11.2024; Ogledov: 175; Prenosov: 0
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