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Keywords: Sarajevo, BiH, aerosol, ETAAS, ICP-MS, BenMAP, ExternE, SAFICA
Published in RUNG: 03.03.2022; Views: 1037; Downloads: 0
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Abstract: Nowadays, urban centres in countries of the Western Balkan (e.g., Bosnia and Herzegovina, B&H) are experiencing some of the poorest air quality worldwide due to the extensive use of solid fuels and an old vehicle fleet. Western Balkan countries lack state-of-the-science atmospheric research despite high levels of ambient pollution, making the efforts to understand the mechanisms of their air pollution imperative. Sarajevo, the capital of B&H, is situated in a basin surrounded by mountains. During the winter months, topography and meteorology cause significant pollution episodes. The Sarajevo Canton Winter Field Campaign 2018 (SAFICA) took place from Dec 04, 2017 to Mar 15, 2018 with online aerosol measurements and collection of daily, continuous filter PM10 samples for offline laboratory analyses. SAFICA aimed to give the first detailed characterization of the Western Balkans aerosol composition including organic aerosol (OA) to elucidate aerosol emission sources and atmospheric processing and to estimate the adverse health effects. PM10 samples (ntotal=180) were collected at four sites in the Sarajevo Canton: a) Bjelave and b) Pofalići (both urban background); c) Otoka (urban); d) Ivan Sedlo (remote). The urban sites were distributed along the city basin to study the pollutants’ urban evolution and the remote site was chosen to compare urban to background air masses. SAFICA PM10 samples underwent the following offline laboratory chemical analyses: 1) Bulk chemical composition of the total filter-collected water-soluble inorganic and OA by a high-resolution Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS). The measured AMS OA spectra were further analysed by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) using the graphical user interface SoFi (Source Finder) to separate OA into subtypes characteristic for OA sources and atmospheric processes. 2) Organic and elemental carbon, water-soluble organic carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (11), levoglucosan, organic acids (16) and 14C total carbon content to evaluate OA chemical composition. 3) Major inorganic anions and cations to evaluate aerosol inorganic species. 4) Aerosol metal content determined by three techniques (AAS, ICP-MS and EESI). 5) Aerosol oxidative potential (OP) by two methods (AA and DTT) to evaluate the ability of particles to generate adverse health effects causing reactive oxygen species. SAFICA online measurements of black carbon (Aethalometer) and the particle number conc. (CPC and OPS) enabled the insights into the daily evolution of primary pollutants and an assessment of aerosol size and number distribution. The combined SAFICA results for field and lab measurements will be presented. Our results show that carbonaceous aerosols make ~2/3 of PM10 mass and the majority are oxygenated, water-soluble OA species with an average OM/OC = 1.9 (Fig.1). Absolute OP levels are very high compared to other sites globally. However, more work is needed to estimate the contributions of different aerosol sources and species to total aerosol OP. Urban air pollution crises in the Western Balkan will be put in the context of local, regional and global air quality. Finally, we will present the scientific questions opened by SAFICA and give suggestions for future studies.
Keywords: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, urban air pollution, PM10, PM2.5
Published in RUNG: 03.09.2021; Views: 1422; Downloads: 46
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Keywords: Dr. Stojan Sorčan, Ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost in šport Republike Slovenije, EU Horizon2020, Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant No 101028909, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Western Balkan
Published in RUNG: 13.06.2021; Views: 1569; Downloads: 0
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Keywords: PM2.5, Ozone, Sarajevo, Tuzla, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, US EPA BenMAP, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Adverse health effects
Published in RUNG: 29.05.2021; Views: 1715; Downloads: 0
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Abstract: Kvalitetu zraka u današnjem svijetu određuju ljudske aktivnosti iz kojih nastaje antropogeno zagađenje zraka. Utjecaj antropogenog zagađenja na kvalitetu zraka snažno se povećao od početka industrijske revolucije prije cc 150 godina. Na globalnom nivou, smanjenje kvalitete zraka u svijetu nakon pre-industrijskih vremena nepobitno uzrokuje zagrijavanje planeta Zemlje zbog ljudskih aktivnosti, kako je nedavno objavljeno i u izvještaju Međunarodnog panela za promjenu klime (eng. Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change, IPCC). Ljudi posebno izloženi lošoj kvaliteti zraka su oni koji žive u područjima gdje standardi kvalitete zraka ne postoje ili se ne sprovode, poput ljudi koji žive pored izvora zagađenja ili u društvima koja se razvijaju. Tijekom zime 2017. - 2018. u periodu kada se po dostupnim podacima događaju epizode najgore kvalitete zraka u Kantonu Sarajevo (4. decembar 2017. – 15. mart 2018.) u Kantonu Sarajevo odvila su se terenska mjerenja sastojaka atmosfere u sklopu kampanje SAFICA 2017-2018 (“Sarajevo Canton Winter Field Campaign 2017-2018“). SAFICA projekt vodili su Federalni hidrometeorološki zavod BiH, Zavoda za javno zdravstvo Kantona Sarajeva, Univerzitet u Sarajevu i Sveučilište u Rijeci, a mjerenja su se odvijala na tri urbane lokacije unutar grada Sarajeva (Otoka, Pofalići i Bjelave) i jednoj pozadinskoj (planinski prijevoj Ivan Sedlo). U ovom predavanju, objasnit će se osnove antropogenog zagađenja zraka i njegovog globalnog utjecaja na kvalitetu zraka, i dati primjeri različitih kvaliteta zraka u modernim društvima kao i u onima koja se tek razvijaju. Posebna pažnja bit će posvećena atmosferskim lebdećim česticama i objasnit će se njihov nastanak i važnost parametara čestica poput atmosferske koncentracije, veličine i kemijskog sastava. Također, dat će se prikaz negativnog utjecaja čestica na ljudsko zdravlje i objasniti zašto su atmosferske koncentracije sitnih atmosferskih čestica linearno korelirane sa smrtnošću ljudi. Konačno, predstavit će se preliminarni rezultati mjerenja sastojaka atmosfere u kantonu Sarajevo tijekom SAFICA kampanje i usporedit sa rezultatima iz drugih svjetskih urbanih područja.
Keywords: Atmosferske lebdeće čestice, Antropogeno zagađenje zraka, Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina, SAFICA 2018
Published in RUNG: 27.05.2021; Views: 1682; Downloads: 0
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