1. A European aerosol phenomenology - 9 : light absorption properties of carbonaceous aerosol particles across surface EuropeJordi Rovira, Marjan Savadkoohi, Gang I. Chen, Griša Močnik, Wenche Aas, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, B. Artíñano, Asta Gregorič, Matic Ivančič, Jesús Yus-Díez, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Carbonaceous aerosols (CA), composed of black carbon (BC) and organic matter (OM), significantly impact the climate. Light absorption properties of CA, particularly of BC and brown carbon (BrC), are crucial due to their contribution to global and regional warming. We present the absorption properties of BC (bAbs,BC) and BrC (bAbs,BrC) inferred using Aethalometer data from 44 European sites covering different environments (traffic (TR), urban (UB), suburban (SUB), regional background (RB) and mountain (M)). Absorption coefficients showed a clear relationship with station setting decreasing as follows: TR > UB > SUB > RB > M, with exceptions. The contribution of bAbs,BrC to total absorption (bAbs), i.e. %AbsBrC, was lower at traffic sites (11–20 %), exceeding 30 % at some SUB and RB sites. Low AAE values were observed at TR sites, due to the dominance of internal combustion emissions, and at some remote RB/M sites, likely due to the lack of proximity to BrC sources, insufficient secondary processes generating BrC or the effect of photobleaching during transport. Higher bAbs and AAE were observed in Central/Eastern Europe compared to Western/Northern Europe, due to higher coal and biomass burning emissions in the east. Seasonal analysis showed increased bAbs, bAbs,BC, bAbs,BrC in winter, with stronger %AbsBrC, leading to higher AAE. Diel cycles of bAbs,BC peaked during morning and evening rush hours, whereas bAbs,BrC, %AbsBrC, AAE, and AAEBrC peaked at night when emissions from household activities accumulated. Decade-long trends analyses demonstrated a decrease in bAbs, due to reduction of BC emissions, while bAbs,BrC and AAE increased, suggesting a shift in CA composition, with a relative increase in BrC over BC. This study provides a unique dataset to assess the BrC effects on climate and confirms that BrC can contribute significantly to UV–VIS radiation presenting highly variable absorption properties in Europe.
Keywords: aerosol absorption, black carbon, brown carbon, climate change, air pollution
Published in RUNG: 10.12.2024; Views: 81; Downloads: 0
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2. Intercomparison and characterization of 23 Aethalometers under laboratory and ambient air conditions : procedures and unit-to-unit variabilitiesAndrea Cuesta-Mosquera, Griša Močnik, Luka Drinovec, Thomas Müller, Sascha Pfeifer, Maria Cruz Minguillon, Björn Briel, Paul Buckley, Vadimas Dudoitis, Jesús Yus-Díez, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Abstract. Aerosolized black carbon is monitored worldwide to quantify its impact on air quality and climate. Given its importance, measurements of black carbon mass concentrations must be conducted with instruments operating in quality-checked and ensured conditions to generate data which are reliable and comparable temporally and geographically. In this study, we report the results from the largest characterization and
intercomparison of filter-based absorption photometers, the Aethalometer model AE33, belonging to several European monitoring networks. Under controlled laboratory conditions, a total of 23 instruments measured mass
concentrations of black carbon from three well-characterized aerosol
sources: synthetic soot, nigrosin particles, and ambient air from the urban
background of Leipzig, Germany. The objective was to investigate the
individual performance of the instruments and their comparability; we
analyzed the response of the instruments to the different aerosol sources
and the impact caused by the use of obsolete filter materials and the
application of maintenance activities. Differences in the instrument-to-instrument variabilities from equivalent black carbon (eBC) concentrations reported at 880 nm were determined before maintenance
activities (for soot measurements, average deviation from total least square regression was −2.0 % and the range −16 % to 7 %; for nigrosin measurements, average deviation was 0.4 % and the range −15 % to 17 %), and after they were carried out (for soot measurements, average deviation was −1.0 % and the range −14 % to 8 %; for nigrosin measurements, the average deviation was 0.5 % and the range −12 % to 15 %). The deviations are in most of the cases explained by the type of filter material employed by the instruments, the total particle load on the filter, and the flow calibration. The results of this intercomparison activity show that relatively small
unit-to-unit variability of AE33-based particle light absorbing measurements is possible with well-maintained instruments. It is crucial to follow the guidelines for maintenance activities and the use of the proper filter tape in the AE33 to ensure high quality and comparable black carbon (BC) measurements among international observational networks.
Keywords: Aethalometer AE33, filter photometers
Published in RUNG: 29.11.2024; Views: 246; Downloads: 1
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3. Vpliv prometa, kurjenja lesa in industrije na sestavo in toksičnost delcev PMKristina Glojek, Thuy Vy Dinh Ngoc, Sylvain Weber, Gaëlle Uzu, M. Manousakas, Rhabira Elazzouzi, Katja Džepina, Sophie Darfeuil, Patrick Ginot, Rahela Žabkar, Janja Turšič, Andrej Podkoritnik, Griša Močnik, 2024, published scientific conference contribution (invited lecture) Abstract: Viri, ki največ prispevajo k masi PM10, nimajo nujno najvišjega Oksidativnega Potenciala (OP), parametra, s katerim ocenimo možnost delcev PM, da oksidirajo testno spojino, s čimer ocenimo njihov nezaželeni vpliv na zdravje. V obsežni študiji analize virov PM10 in OP v Kanalu ob Soči smo izmerili koncentracije PM10, ki so primerljive z nekaterimi dolinami v Alpah in drugih hribovitih območjih Evrope, vrednosti OP pa so bile med najvišjimi izmerjenimi doslej v EU. Vira z največjim OP na enoto mase (OPm) kot tudi OP na enoto zraka (OPv) sta kurjenje biomase in vir bogat s kloridi, ki ga povezujemo z delovanjem cementarne. Izmerjene vrednosti OP v Kanalu ob Soči zahtevajo sprejetje ukrepov, ki bodo zmanjšali obremenitve antropogenih virov na ranljivo lokalno prebivalstvo.
Keywords: onesnažen zrak, delci PM, oksidativni potencial, določanje virov
Published in RUNG: 27.11.2024; Views: 221; Downloads: 1
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4. Atmospheric black carbon in the metropolitan area of La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia: concentration levels and emission sourcesValeria Mardoñez-Balderrama, Griša Močnik, Marco Pandolfi, Robin L. Modini, Fernando Velarde, Laura Renzi, Angela Marinoni, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Isabel Moreno R., Diego Aliaga, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a major component of submicron particulate matter (PM), with significant health and climate impacts. Many cities in emerging countries lack comprehensive knowledge about BC emissions and exposure levels. This study investigates BC concentration levels, identifies its emission sources, and characterizes the optical properties of BC at urban background sites of the two largest high-altitude Bolivian cities: La Paz (LP) (3600 m above sea level) and El Alto (EA) (4050 m a.s.l.), where atmospheric oxygen levels and intense radiation may affect BC production. The study relies on concurrent measurements of equivalent black carbon (eBC), elemental carbon (EC), and refractory black carbon (rBC) and their comparison with analogous data collected at the nearby Chacaltaya Global Atmosphere Watch Station (5240 m a.s.l). The performance of two independent source apportionment techniques was compared: a bilinear model and a least-squares multilinear regression (MLR). Maximum eBC concentrations were observed during the local dry season (LP: eBC = 1.5 ± 1.6 µg m−3; EA: 1.9±2.0 µg m−3). While eBC concentrations are lower at the mountain station, daily transport from urban areas is evident. Average mass absorption cross sections of 6.6–8.2 m2 g−1 were found in the urban area at 637 nm. Both source apportionment methods exhibited a reasonable level of agreement in the contribution of biomass burning (BB) to absorption. The MLR method allowed the estimation of the contribution and the source-specific optical properties for multiple sources, including open waste burning.
Keywords: black carbon, aerosol absorption, source apportionment, mass absorption cross-section
Published in RUNG: 29.10.2024; Views: 370; Downloads: 0
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5. Analiza vpliva izgorevanja lesne biomase na koncentracije onesnaževal v zunanjem zraku : magistrsko deloIrena Kranjc, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: Les je v Sloveniji tradicionalno pomemben obnovljiv vir za ogrevanje v gospodinjstvih. Pri tem nastajajo delci, ki imajo negativen vpliv na zdravje. Z namenom določitve vpliva izgorevanja lesne biomase na raven onesnaženja z delci smo na več lokacijah v obdobju med 2016 in 2021 izvedli vzorčenje delcev PM10 in njihovo kemijsko analizo. Analiza je bila usmerjene v parametre povezane z izgorevanje lesne biomase: levoglukozan, manozan, galaktozan, organski in elementarni ogljik, kalij in benzo [a] piren. V obdobju med 2016 in 2021 so bile v januarju in februarju najvišje koncentracije izmerjene v letu 2017, najnižje pa v letu 2021. Razlike so povezane predvsem z različnimi meteorološkimi razmerami. Koncentracije delcev PM10, kot tudi koncentracije in deleži levoglukozana, kalija in benzo [a] pirena so bile v zimskih mesecih višje, kot v poletnem obdobju. Izjema sta le organski in elementarni ogljik, pri katerih je koncentracija v zimskem času višja, kot v poletnem, njuna deleža v delcih PM10 pa se preko leta bistveno ne spreminjata. Na podlagi razmerja med levoglukozanom in manozanom smo ugotovili, da se v Sloveniji za ogrevanje uporablja tako mehek, kot trd les. Delež delcev, ki jih lahko pripišemo izgorevanju lesne biomase je bil v januarju in februarju v obravnavnem obdobju visok – najvišji je bil v Novem mestu (52 % ± 5 %), najnižji pa v Mariboru (21 % ± 6 %).
Keywords: delci PM10, levoglukozan, manozan, izgorevanje lesne biomase, raven onesnaženja z delci, magistrske naloge
Published in RUNG: 26.09.2024; Views: 601; Downloads: 10
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6. Across Mediterranean experiment for the Cal/Val of the EarthCARE missionEleni Marinou, Vassilis Amiridis, Peristera Paschou, Alexandra Tsekeri, Ioanna Tsikoudi, Voudouri Kaliopi-Artemis, Anna Gialitaki, Maria Tsichla, Kyriaki Papachristopoulou, Griša Močnik, 2024, published scientific conference contribution Keywords: EarthCARE, Saharan dust, validation, aerosol, airborne measurements
Published in RUNG: 09.09.2024; Views: 559; Downloads: 4
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7. Dust, convection, winds and waves : the 2022 NASA CPEX-CV campaignEdward P. Nowottnick, Angela K. Rowe, Amin R. Nehrir, Jonathan A. Zawislak, Aaron J. Piña, Will McCarty, Rory A. Barton-Grimley, Kristopher M. Bedka, J. Ryan Bennett, Griša Močnik, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The NASA Convective Processes Experiment - Cabo Verde (CPEX-CV) field campaign took place in September 2022 out of Sal Island, Cabo Verde. A unique payload aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft equipped with advanced remote sensing and in situ instrumentation, in conjunction with radiosonde launches and satellite observations, allowed CPEX-CV to target the coupling between atmospheric dynamics, marine boundary layer properties, convection, and the dust-laden Saharan Air Layer in the data-sparse tropical East Atlantic region. CPEX-CV provided measurements of African Easterly Wave environments, diurnal cycle impacts on convective lifecycle, and several Saharan dust outbreaks, including the highest dust optical depth observed by the DC-8 interacting with what would become Tropical Storm Hermine. Preliminary results from CPEX-CV underscore the positive impact of dedicated tropical East Atlantic observations on downstream forecast skill, including sampling environmental forcings impacting the development of several non-developing and developing convective systems such as Hurricanes Fiona and Ian. Combined airborne radar, lidar, and radiometer measurements uniquely provide near-storm environments associated with convection on various spatiotemporal scales and, with in situ observations, insights into controls on Saharan dust properties with transport. The DC-8 also collaborated with the European Space Agency to perform coordinated validation flights under the Aeolus spaceborne wind lidar and over the Mindelo ground site, highlighting the enhanced sampling potential through partnership opportunities. CPEX-CV engaged in professional development through dedicated team building exercises that equipped the team with a cohesive approach for targeting CPEX-CV science objectives and promoted active participation of scientists across all career stages.
Keywords: convective processesž, Saharan dust, aerosol, airborne measurements
Published in RUNG: 09.09.2024; Views: 557; Downloads: 5
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9. Annual variation of source contributions to ▫$PM_10$▫ and oxidative potential in a mountainous area with traffic, biomass burning, cement-plant and biogenic influencesKristina Glojek, Thuy Vy Dinh Ngoc, Sylvain Weber, Gaëlle Uzu, M. Manousakas, Rhabira Elazzouzi, Katja Džepina, Sophie Darfeuil, Patrick Ginot, Andrej Podkoritnik, Griša Močnik, 2024, original scientific article Keywords: air pollution, extensive PM chemical characterization, positive matrix factorization (PMF), new source identification, health metric
Published in RUNG: 03.06.2024; Views: 1203; Downloads: 16
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10. Oxidative potential of particulate matter and its association to respiratory health endpoints in high-altitude cities in BoliviaLucille Borlaza-Lacoste, Valeria Mardoñez, Anouk Marsal, Ian Hough, Thuy Vy Dinh Ngoc, Pamela Dominutti, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Andrés Alastuey, Jean-Luc Besombes, Griša Močnik, 2024, original scientific article Keywords: particulate matter, oxidative potential, respiratory health, Bolivia, source apportionment, Positive matrix factorization, Poisson regression
Published in RUNG: 22.05.2024; Views: 1119; Downloads: 1
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