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12. Analiza kakovostne in ekonomske upravičenosti vpeljave tehnološkega postopka predfermentativne maceracije v predelavi grozdja sorte 'Refošk'Marko Benčina, 2019, magistrsko delo Opis: V magistrskem delu smo obravnavali kakovostno in ekonomsko upravičenost vpeljave tehnološkega postopka hladne predfermentativne maceracije, s katerim smo želeli izboljšati predvsem barvne in aromatične lastnosti vina 'Refošk'. Najprej smo razložili pomen investicij in metode, s katerimi investicije ocenjujemo. V praktičnem poskusu smo pridelali vino po postopku hladne predfermentativne maceracije (HPM), za primerjavo pa smo vino pridelali še po postopku klasične fermentativne maceracije (FM) in fermentativne maceracije pri višji temperaturi (FMVT). V pridelanih vinih smo določali skupne polifenole, skupne in posamezne antocianine, barvo vina ter izvedli senzorično analizo. V ekonomskem delu smo ugotovili, kako bi investicijo financirali, in definirali lastno ceno. S pragom rentabilnosti smo predvideli smotrno prodajno ceno ter z metodami denarnih tokov in sedanje vrednosti ugotovili, da bi se nam investicija povrnila v devetem letu poslovanja. Rezultati kažejo, da je hladna predfermentativna maceracija vplivala na značilno večjo vsebnost skupnih polifenolov, medtem ko smo opazili značilno večjo vsebnost skupnih antocianinov pri FM in FMVT. Uporabljeni tehnološki postopki niso pokazali značilnega vpliva na povečanje vsebnosti posameznih antocianinov, malvidin-3-glukozida ter intenzitete in tona barve vina. Vino, pridelano po postopku HPM, je v primerjavi s FM in FMVT vini na senzorični analizi in testu všečnosti doseglo najmanj točk.
ANALIZA KAKOVOSTNE IN EKONOMSKE UPRAVIČENOSTI VPELJAVE TEHNOLOŠKEGA POSTOPKA
PREDFERMENTATIVNE MACERACIJE V PREDELAVI GROZDJA SORTE 'REFOŠK'
MAGISTRSKO DELO
Marko Benčina
Mentorja: doc. dr. Melita Sternad Lemut, dr. Jan Reščič
Nova Gorica, 2019
ZAHVALA
Iskreno se zahvaljujem vsem, ki ste mi kakorkoli pomagali pri opravljanju teoretskega, eksperimentalnega in analitskega dela magistrske naloge, še posebej dr. Janu Reščiču in Jeleni Topić Božič, mag. ind. farm., za njuno potrpežljivost in pomoč pri laboratorijskem in analitskem delu.
Posebna zahvala tudi mentorici doc. dr. Meliti Sternad Lemut, univ. dipl. inž. živ. tehnol. In somentorju Silvestru Vončini, univ dipl. ekon. za pomoč pri pisanju ekonomskega dela naloge.
Brez Vas ne bi uspelo!
NASLOV
Analiza kakovostne in ekonomske upravičenosti vpeljave tehnološkega postopka predfermentativne maceracije v predelavi grozdja sorte 'Refošk'
IZVLEČEK
V magistrskem delu smo obravnavali kakovostno in ekonomsko upravičenost vpeljave tehnološkega postopka hladne predfermentativne maceracije, s katerim smo želeli izboljšati predvsem barvne in aromatične lastnosti vina 'Refošk'. Najprej smo razložili pomen investicij in metode, s katerimi investicije ocenjujemo. V praktičnem poskusu smo pridelali vino po postopku hladne predfermentativne maceracije (HPM), za primerjavo pa smo vino pridelali še po postopku klasične fermentativne maceracije (FM) in fermentativne maceracije pri višji temperaturi (FMVT). V pridelanih vinih smo določali skupne polifenole, skupne in posamezne antocianine, barvo vina ter izvedli senzorično analizo. V ekonomskem delu smo ugotovili, kako bi investicijo financirali, in definirali lastno ceno. S pragom rentabilnosti smo predvideli smotrno prodajno ceno ter z metodami denarnih tokov in sedanje vrednosti ugotovili, da bi se nam investicija povrnila v devetem letu poslovanja. Rezultati kažejo, da je hladna predfermentativna maceracija vplivala na značilno večjo vsebnost skupnih polifenolov, medtem ko smo opazili značilno večjo vsebnost skupnih antocianinov pri FM in FMVT. Uporabljeni tehnološki postopki niso pokazali značilnega vpliva na povečanje vsebnosti posameznih antocianinov, malvidin-3-glukozida ter intenzitete in tona barve vina. Vino, pridelano po postopku HPM, je v primerjavi s FM in FMVT vini na senzorični analizi in testu všečnosti doseglo najmanj točk. Na podlagi dosežene kakovosti in ekonomskih ocen smo sklenili, da bi bila investicija v postopek HPM v proučevanem letu ekonomsko manj upravičena.
Ključne besede: Investicija, vrednotenje investicij, lastna cena, hladna predfermentativna maceracija, antocianini, barva vina, Vitis vinifera L. cv. 'Refošk'
Objavljeno v RUNG: 23.05.2019; Ogledov: 4704; Prenosov: 178
 Celotno besedilo (2,04 MB) |
13. VPLIV ODTRANJEVANJA LISTOV IN UPORABE MREŽ ZA ZAŠČITO PRED PTIČI NA KOLIČINO PRIDELKA TER KAKOVOSTNE PARAMETRE GROZDJA IN VINA SORTE SAUVIGNONASSE (VITIS VINIFERA L.)Aljaž Namar, 2018, diplomsko delo Opis: Odstranjevanje listov v območju grozdov in uporaba mrež za zaščito pred ptiči sta pogosto uporabljeni vinogradniški strategiji, ki vplivata na mikroklimatske pogoje v grmu vinske trte ter posledično na količinske in kakovostne parametre pridelka. V okviru diplomskega dela smo v vinogradu sorte 'Sauvignonasse' v Pristavem (Brda), po načelu naključne razporeditve blokov trt, zastavili primerjavo med petimi ukrepi: UNT (brez tretiranja), ELR (razlistanje pred cvetenjem), LLR (razlistanje po cvetenju), REN (razlistanje po cvetenju in senčenje z rdečimi mrežami) ter BKN (razlistanje po cvetenju in senčenje s črnimi mrežami). Tekom dozorevanja smo v odvisnosti od ukrepa spremljali osnovne kakovostne, ob trgatvi pa tudi količinske parametre pridelka. Grozdje smo ločeno vinificirali in v vinih določili osnovne kakovostne parametre, vsebnost hlapnih tiolov ter opravili senzorično analizo. Z obravnavanimi ukrepi smo le v manjši meri vplivali na kakovostne parametre grozdja, medtem, ko smo, predvsem z ukrepom ELR, pomembneje vplivali na količino pridelka in težo grozdov. V vinih smo (v korist obravnavanjem ELR, LLR in REN) opazili razlike v koncentracijah sladkorja prostega ekstrakta, poleg različnih trendov vsebnosti skupnih titracijskih kislin pa smo z ukrepi povzročili tudi nekaj razlik v vsebnostih posameznih kislin (vinska, jabolčna) ter skupnih hlapnih kislin. V primerjavi s kontrolo smo opazili povečanje vsebnosti 4MMP pri obravnavnjih BKN in ELR ter povečanje 3MH pri LLR, BKN in REN. Natančnejši pregled povzročenih sprememb in rezultatov (enoletnih) primerjav je nakazal, da učinki na opazovane parametre niso tako preprosti in linearni, da bi omogočili sistematično optimizacijo oz. da so medsebojni vplivi različnih kombinacij vinogradniških strategij na parametre grozdja kompleksni ter jih moramo uvajati nadvse previdno.
Ključne besede: 'Sauvignonasse' (Vitis vinifera L.), odstranjevanje listov v območju grozdov, mreže za zaščito pred priči, mikroklima, osnovni količinski in kakovostni parametri grozdja in vina, hlapni tioli.
Objavljeno v RUNG: 06.03.2018; Ogledov: 6151; Prenosov: 217
Celotno besedilo (1,12 MB) |
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15. BIOTSKA RAZNOVRSTNOST KVASOVK POVEZANIH S PROIZVODNJO JABOLČNEGA VINAEivind Vangdal, Melita Sternad Lemut, Branka Mozetič Vodopivec, Lorena Butinar, 2017, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Opis: Na območju fjorda Hardanger, del zahodne Norveške, ima proizvodnja jabolčnega vina dolgo tradicijo in sicer sega v 12. stoletje, ko so menihi na tem območju začeli uvajati sadjarstvo. Danes je to glavno območje pridelovanja sadja na Norveškem. Kljub strogi regulativi proizvodnje alkoholnih pijač, pa se je na tem območju na nekaterih kmetijah ohranila tradicionalna proizvodnja jabolčnega vina. Namen naše študije je bil predvsem preučiti ekologijo in biotsko raznovrstnost kvasovk, ki so povezane s proizvodnjo tradicionalnega jabolčnega vina na območju Hardanger. Na tem območju smo tekom dveh zaporednih let vzorčili na 11-ih različnih lokacijah, kjer smo pri proizvajalcih vzorčili jabolčno vino, tla in različne dele jablan v sadovnjakih. Tako smo s pomočjo bogatitve v gojišču s povišanim sladkorjem in etanolom osamili približno 1300 izolatov kvasovk. Kvasovke smo s pomočjo multipleks PCR testa ločili na skupino kompleksa Saccharomyces sensu stricto in ne-Saccharomyces kvasovke. Nadalje smo izolate določili do nivoja vrste z izvedbo restrikcijske analize ITS PCR produktov, v nekaterih primerih smo za potrditev identifikacij opravili še določitev nukleotidnih zaporedij D1/D2 domene 26S rDNA. Kot pričakovano smo ugotovili, da sadovnjake naseljujejo predvsem ne-Saccharomyces kvasovke iz rodov Metschnikowia in Hanseniaspora, v tem okolju so bile Saccharomyces izolirane iz tal in jabolk. V jabolčnem vinu pa je bila pretežno izolirana vrsta S. uvarum, občasno pa tudi S. cerevisiae, Torulaspora delbrueckii in P. membranifacies.
Ključne besede: kvasovke, biotska raznovrstnost, jabolčno vino
Objavljeno v RUNG: 09.11.2017; Ogledov: 5155; Prenosov: 0
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
16. Biodiversity of cider yeasts and their cider-making potentialEivind Vangdal, Melita Sternad Lemut, Branka Mozetič Vodopivec, Lorena Butinar, 2017, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Opis: In the area of Hardanger, a part of the fjord region in Western Norway, the production of apple wine (cider) has a long tradition that goes back to the 12th century, when monks introduced apple growing in this area. Nowadays, this is also the main area of fruit production in Norway. Despite the strict regulation of the alcoholic beverage production in Norway, traditional cider is still produced on some farms in this area. By tradition cider is produced by a spontaneous fermentation process of apple juice, performed by naturally occurring indigenous yeasts that originate from the fruit or the surfaces of the processing equipment. Therefore, our aim was primarily to study the ecology and biodiversity of the yeasts associated with the production of traditional cider in the Hardanger area. For two consecutive years, we sampled at 11 different locations in the observed region, where we collected cider samples and surface swabs of processing facilities from the cideries, and also soil and various parts of apple trees in orchards owned by the same producers. Thus, by enriching collected samples with the selective medium with high sugar and ethanol concentration, we managed to isolate about 1,300 yeasts. Based on the multiplex PCR results the yeasts were grouped into the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex and non-Saccharomyces yeasts. The isolates were determined to the species level by performing the restriction analysis of ITS PCR products, and in some cases identifications were confirmed by sequencing of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA and/ or ITS region. As expected, non-Saccharomyces yeasts from the genus Metschnikowia and Hanseniaspora mainly populated the orchards, while the Saccharomyces yeasts were isolated in the orchards from the soil and fruits. In contrast, in ciders the species S. uvarum was predominantly found, occasionally also S. cerevisiae, Torulaspora delbrueckii and P. membranifacies. Indigenous cider yeasts were further on characterized in micro-plate format for the most important cider-making technological parameters (tolerance to ethanol, SO2, growth at low pH), for the presence of glucoside hydrolase activity, H2S production ability, and assimilation of malic acid. Based on this screenings the micro-scale fermentations of apple juice were performed with 13 different indigenous cider yeasts as monocultures. The most promising indigenous yeasts, T. delbrueckii and S. uvarum, were also tested as mixed cultures in sequential fermentations. Since the tested strain of T. delbrueckii as monoculture was not able to complete the alcoholic fermentation, better results were obtained in sequential fermentation with the mixed culture in combination with S. uvarum.
Ključne besede: indigenous yeasts, biodiversity, spontaneous fermentation, cider-making
Objavljeno v RUNG: 08.11.2017; Ogledov: 6090; Prenosov: 0
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
17. Study of yeast biodiversity potential in the development of biological control agents against phytopathogenic fungi in viticultureMelita Sternad Lemut, Adesida Rowland, Urban Česnik, Lorena Butinar, 2017, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Opis: Despite public’s growing concerns for human health and environmental pollution, synthetic fungicides are still preferred and massively used for the protection of agricultural crop plants against fungal diseases. However, more and more research is focused on finding potential alternatives in the form of effective biological control agents. Although there are reports of yeast’s biocontrol activity, they are up to date poorly commercialized for such purposes.
As the yeasts represent an important part of the grape microflora, competing with other microorganisms (including pathogens) for nutrients and space, we decided to examine the potential of autochthonous yeasts as "green" alternatives in fighting against phytopathogens such as Botrytis cinerea in viticulture. With this aim we tested biocontrol activity of various strains / species of indigenous wine yeasts that were isolated from the vineyard environment in Slovenia and cross-border Italy. The yeasts were tested for the presence of siderophores, hydrolytic enzymes (chitinase, β-glucosidase and β-glucanase) and sensitivity to fungicides (copper, iprodion, cyprodinil + fludioxonil combination). The tests of phytopathogenic fungi growth inhibition in the presence of antagonistic yeast were also performed. The double Petri dish test was used to verify the inhibition of conidia germination by the formation of antifungal volatile organic compounds (VOC), synthetized by the antagonistic yeasts. The presence of hydrolytic enzymes was confirmed in many wine yeasts, particularly in the strains of Hanseniaspora uvarum and Metschnikowia pulcherrima species and in some strains of the Pichia genus. Using a medium, based on natural diluted grape juice in a double Petri dish test, we found that yeasts of the Debaryomyces hansenii, Lachancea thermotolerans, P. kudriavzevii, Saccharomyces kudriavzevii, S. cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii species were able to inhibit the germination of fungal conidia at the expense of the VOC formation. However, none of the up to date tested yeasts formed siderophores. On the other hand, the yeasts were generally resistant to the tested fungicide concentrations, thus they could be used as potential biofungicides in the combination with chemical fungicides.
Ključne besede: yeasts, biocontrol, Botrytis cinerea, viticulture
Objavljeno v RUNG: 08.11.2017; Ogledov: 4503; Prenosov: 0
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
18. Preučevanje potenciala biotske raznovrstnosti kvasovk za razvoj alternativnih biofungicidov v vinogradništvuMelita Sternad Lemut, Adesida Rowland, Ajda Lemut, Urban Česnik, Lorena Butinar, 2017, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Ključne besede: biotska raznovrstnost, kvasovke, biokontrolna aktivnost, biofungicid, Botrytis cinerea, trajnostno vinogradništvo
Objavljeno v RUNG: 28.09.2017; Ogledov: 5002; Prenosov: 0
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
19. Study of grapevine early leaf removal sustainability potential by means of targeted metabolomic approachMelita Sternad Lemut, Paolo Sivilotti, Lorena Butinar, Ajda Lemut, Urška Vrhovšek, 2017, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Ključne besede: Pinot gris, early leaf removal, sustainable viticulture, grape compactness, targeted metabolomics, phenolic compounds
Objavljeno v RUNG: 21.09.2017; Ogledov: 5103; Prenosov: 0
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
20. Combined effects of early season leaf removal and climatic conditions on aroma precursors in ‘Sauvignon blanc’ grapesPaolo Sivilotti, Rachele FALCHI, Jose Carlos Herrera, Branka Škvarč, Lorena Butinar, Melita Sternad Lemut, Marijan Bubola, Paolo SABBATINI, Klemen Lisjak, Andreja Vanzo, 2017, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Early leaf removal around the cluster zone is a common technique applied in cool climate viticulture, to regulate yield components and improve fruit quality. Despite the increasing amount of information on early leaf removal and its impact on total soluble solids, anthocyanins and polyphenols, less is known regarding aroma compounds. In order to verify the hypothesis that defoliation, applied before or after flowering, could impact the biosynthesis of thiol precursors, we performed a two year (2013 and 2014) experiment on Sauvignon blanc. We provided evidence that differential accumulation of thiols precursors in berries is affected by the timing of defoliation and this impact was related to modifications in biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, the possible interaction between leaf removal treatment and seasonal weather conditions, and its effect on the biosynthesis of volatile precursors are discussed. Our results suggested that in Sauvignon blanc the relative proportion of 4-S-glutathionyl-4-methylpentan-2-one (G-4MSP) and 3-S-glutathionylhexan-1-ol (G-3SH) precursors can be affected by defoliation, and this could be related to the induction of two specific genes encoding glutathione-S-transferases (VvGST3 and VvGST5), while no significant effects on basic fruit chemical parameters, polyphenols and methoxypyrazines were ascertained under our experimental conditions.
Ključne besede: early leaf removal, cluster exposure, thiol precursors, methoxypyrazines, glutathione S-transferase, Vitis vinifera
Objavljeno v RUNG: 31.08.2017; Ogledov: 4287; Prenosov: 0
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
