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Opis: Materials that are topological insulators (TI) manifest a novel state for their electrons. They possess topological surface states that are not destroyed by the presence of non-magnetic impurities on their surfaces. This unique property lies in the bulk band structure and it is typically found in narrow gap semiconductor with strong spin-orbit coupling. Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 belong to the class of compounds called tetradymites and are considered as the 3D-prototypical TI materials. However, these compounds are not usually insulators but have metallic bulk conductivity as a consequence of intrinsic defect doping: vacancies and anti-site defects. For these reasons, it is difficult to electrically gate these materials for the manipulation and control of charge carriers for realizing devices. This led to the search for other topological materials, which might have better insulating behavior in their bulk. Theoretical studies have pointed out that ternary variants of the Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3, such as Bi2Te2Se, Bi2Te2S, Bi2Se2S Sb2Te2Se and Sb2Te2S, should be stable TIs and potentially offer a chemical way to control TI behavior, in particular by lowering native doping. Among the cited ternary compounds, Bi2Se2S should manifest a genuine topological spin-transport regime hosting an isolated Dirac cone with the Dirac point in the gap as well. However, it has been poorly studied from the TI experimental perspective. Therefore, to uncover the full potential of the predicted topological electronic properties of the Bi-Se-S system, in this presentation we will revisit the crystallographic and electronic structure of Bi2Se3-Bi2S3 solid solutions. The combined use of bulk and surface sensitive techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to analyze single crystal samples grown by us. The quality of the single crystals was suitable for rigorous measurement of the electronic properties by means of Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy. We unambiguously showed that within a certain solid solution range, the single crystals of Bi-Se-S have a rombohedral structure with the topological surface states as theoretically predicted.
Ključne besede: topological insulators, ternary tetradymite, electronic properties.
Objavljeno v RUNG: 19.12.2019; Ogledov: 3918; Prenosov: 0
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Ključne besede: Bismuth selenide, topological insulator, hydrothermal synthesis, surface properties
Objavljeno v RUNG: 30.09.2019; Ogledov: 3396; Prenosov: 0
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Opis: Binary bismuth chalcogenides, Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3, have been extensively studied as reference topological insulators (TIs). These materials are bulk insulators with topological surface states (TSS) crossing the Fermi level. In contrast to conventional surface states of metals, the TSS are extremely robust against local modifications at the surface, such as adsorbed adatoms, localized defects or changes in the surface termination. This aspect makes the TIs attractive for applications in spintronics, plasmonics, quantum computing and catalysis. A theoretical model of charge transport by the TI surface states predicts that the TSS survive, provided that bonding at the metal/TI interface is weak. Ab-initio calculations have been done to understand the electronic properties of Au, Ni, Pt, Pd and graphene layers in a contact with Bi2Se3. These calculations showed that for Au and graphene the spin-momentum locking of TSS is maintained at the interface. In another theoretical study, Ag and Au thin layers on Bi2Se3 have been predicted to show a large Rashba splitting and a high spin polarization of the Ag quantum wells, providing a great potential for development of the spintronic devices. Finally, the calculations have foreseen that the presence of the robust TSS affects the adsorption properties of metals (Au bi-layer and clusters of Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, and Pd) supported on TI, in some cases resulting in the enhancement of the catalytic processes. Despite the fundamental importance of the metal/TI interfaces and a number of theoretical studies predicting exotic interfacial phenomena, the experimental knowledge about the metals on the TI surfaces is surprisingly limited, especially concerning combined study of morphology, growth mode, electronic and chemical properties. In order to exploit the predicted physical properties of such systems, it is especially important to extend the study above the diluted coverage regime and to understand what is the growth morphology of the metal on the TI surface, to what extent the metal overlayer interacts with the TI substrate, how the TSS change with the presence of the metal overlayer and what is the reactivity of the system at the different stages of the overlayer growth. Within this frame, we present a comprehensive surface sensitive study, of Au and Ag on Bi2Se3 by means of ARPES, XPS, SEM, LEED and XRD. The obtained results allow us to discuss the relation between electronic and physical properties at two of the most important model metal/TI interfaces
Ključne besede: topological insulator, electronic properties, synchrotron radiation
Objavljeno v RUNG: 27.06.2019; Ogledov: 3369; Prenosov: 0
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Ključne besede: metal contact, topological insulator contact, growth mode, electronic properties, chemical properties, photoemission spectroscopy, microscopy
Objavljeno v RUNG: 05.12.2018; Ogledov: 3712; Prenosov: 0
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Opis: Earth’s atmosphere is a complex system. All weather phenomena take place in its lowest layer, the troposphere, which is strongly influenced by human activities and the underlying surface orography. A good example of the influence the orography has on the behavior of air flows is the appearance of strong north-east downslope wind in Vipava valley, called Bora. Numerical models used to analyze flows in complex terrain need meteorological data both for setting the initial conditions and the verification of modeling results. Obtaining spatial distributions of meteorological observables can be challenging, especially in the case of strong winds, such as Bora, where traditional methods may be inadequate due to prohibitive wind speeds. In most cases, vertical properties of the atmosphere can be obtained using remote sensing techniques. Contrary to vertical profile measurements with traditional methods, remote sensing techniques do not require the measuring device to be placed within the flow and are therefore more appropriate for measurements in severe weather conditions such as strong winds. The aim of this thesis is a detailed analysis of wind and tropospheric structure properties in and above the Vipava valley in a variety of typical atmospheric conditions, including strong wind events. It employs a combination of high resolution wind and lidar data in addition to standard meteorological measurements. In Ajdovščina, there are four predominant wind directions, two of them directly connected to Bora. In the case of Bora, periodicity analysis of wind data from Ajdovščina yielded a range of possible wind gust periods between 1 and 7 minutes. The periods were not stable, with the periodogram less noisy for stable wind directions. Wavelike structures were found to be present in the troposphere in half of the investigated cases, regardless of the presence of Bora. In statically stable conditions, gravity waves propagated throughout the planetary boundary layer (PBL). In the case of Bora, the PBL experienced oscillations with periods between 1 and 2 minutes. A shear layer was present above the PBL, causing Kelvin-Helmholtz waves at its boundaries with periods ranging from 3 to 6 minutes. In some cases, periodic structures were observed above the shear layer as well, which were found to have longer periods than those within the PBL.
Ključne besede: remote sensing, Vipava valley, wind properties, Bora, wind gusts, wind periodicity, tropospheric structures, Kelvin-Helmholtz waves
Objavljeno v RUNG: 18.09.2017; Ogledov: 6609; Prenosov: 199
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