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Ključne besede: Slovenian, grammatical number, acquisition, number words, dual
Objavljeno v RUNG: 21.07.2023; Ogledov: 1658; Prenosov: 3
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Opis: This paper reports on a detailed investigation of agreement inside simple predicative sentences. In this type of sentence, both noun phrases are in the nominative, so in principle either one can trigger agreement on the copular verb. We examine various types of copular contructions and show that regardless of the type of predicative sentence, when a plural is combined with a singular, it is always the plural that agrees. Similarly, when a dual is combined with a singular, the dual wins out. But when we combine a dual and a plural, the copula can agree with either of the two noun phrases, with a preference for the noun phrase following the copula. We discuss the relevance of these findings for recent literature on predication.
Ključne besede: agreement, copula, number, singular, dual, plural, Slovenian
Objavljeno v RUNG: 31.01.2022; Ogledov: 2450; Prenosov: 0
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Opis: Slovenian is one of only three contemporary Slavic languages that productively uses the dual. The other two are Upper and Lower Sorbian. In this chapter, we will outline the present-day use of the dual in Slovenian, generally ignoring historical aspects, for which see, i.a., Tesnière (1925a), Belić (1934), Jakop (2008), Olander (2015). Also, the description will primarily be based on standard Slovenian as described/prescribed in Toporišič et al. (2001), mainly ignoring the great variation across different varieties of Slovenian (cf. Tesnière 1925a,b, Jakop 2008) in the actual forms of dual marking and the extent to which dual forms are distinct from the plural. The paradigms presented in the next section exist in entirety only in few dialects and in the prescribed standard variety. A small number of dialects of the South West, along the border between Italy and Slovenia, and the dialects of the South, along the border with Croatia, are without most of the dual forms and in some cases without the dual altogether, but for the most part, different dialects exhibit different amounts of dual forms. Central Slovenian dialects and dialects of the North and North-East use dual fully productively (cf. Jakop 2008 and Marušič et al. 2016 for a comprehensive map of the distribution of dual in Slovenian dialects).
Ključne besede: Slovenian, grammatical number, dual, meaning of dual
Objavljeno v RUNG: 13.08.2021; Ogledov: 2578; Prenosov: 0
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Opis: Number words allow us to describe exact quantities like sixty-three and (exactly) one. How do we derive exact interpretations? By some views, these words are lexically exact, and are therefore unlike other grammatical forms in language. Other theories, however, argue that numbers are not special and that their exact interpretation arises from pragmatic enrichment, rather than lexically. For example, the word one may gain its exact interpretation because the presence of the immediate successor two licenses the pragmatic inference that one implies “one, and not two”. To investigate the possible role of pragmatic enrichment in the development of exact representations, we looked outside the test case of number to grammatical morphological markers of quantity. In particular, we asked whether children can derive an exact interpretation of singular noun phrases (e.g., “a button”) when their language features an immediate “successor” that encodes sets of two. To do this, we used a series of tasks to compare English-speaking children who have only singular and plural morphology to Slovenian-speaking children who have singular and plural forms, but also dual morphology, that is used when describing sets of two. Replicating previous work, we found that English-speaking preschoolers failed to enrich their interpretation of the singular and did not treat it as exact. New to the present study, we found that 4- and 5-year-old Slovenian-speakers who comprehended the dual treated the singular form as exact, while younger Slovenian children who were still learning the dual did not, providing evidence that young children may derive exact meanings pragmatically.
Ključne besede: Acquisition of quantity expressions, Acquisition of exactness, Pragmatics of grammatical number, Inferences on quantity, Dual, Slovenian
Objavljeno v RUNG: 13.12.2020; Ogledov: 3242; Prenosov: 0
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Ključne besede: countability, atomicity, numeral, agreement, dual number, classifier, russian, morphology, syntax, semantics
Objavljeno v RUNG: 07.02.2018; Ogledov: 4703; Prenosov: 0
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