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41.
Lexicon immigration service - Prolegomena to a theory of loanword integration
Marko Simonović, 2015, doctoral dissertation

Abstract: The goal of this dissertation is to empower the field of formal loanword research by (a) incorporating insights from sociolinguistic research into formal models and (b) highlighting morphological (and morphosyntactic) integration in the field which is presently dominated by data from phonological borrowing. The emergent loanword model enables defining the interface of source and target languages. It is applicable to data from phonological, morphological and morphosyntactic integration, which are viewed as entangled aspects of a single broad process: lexicalisation, viewed as the creation of a new lexical entry based on a foreign surface form. This aspect of the model implies a certain telicity, not unlike the existing adaptation models (Chapter 2). However, while these latter models see loanword processes as moving towards becoming indistinguishable from native items, the integration model will have as its endpoint the creation of a fully functional RL lexical entry (sometimes very distinguishably non-native). Since loanwords display processes which make reference to various levels (individual and communal, synchronic and diachronic etc.), the model is comprised of two different apparatuses able to capture different aspects of loanword behaviour without losing sight of what they exclude. The more diachronic apparatus of the model will concentrate on the ways in which properties of the initial code switch are preserved in the process of integration into the lexicon (shared by the language community), which involves the creation of paradigms, the assignment of morphosyntactic features, etc. We will present strong evidence that borrowing is to be seen as lexicalisation based on a surface form, guided by a force which militates against the introduction of new versions of the incoming form – Lexical Conservatism. The more synchronic apparatus will be more suitable for viewing the regularities which are part of borrowers’ knowledge: the inter-language mappings, which emerge within the community and which contain instructions for converting SL structures into RL structures. The dissertation chapters are organised as follows. Chapter 1 presents the most important findings of sociolinguistic research into loanwords. Chapter 2 reviews research done by generative phonologists in the field usually termed loanword adaptation. In Chapter 3 research into lexical stratification is reviewed. In Chapter 4 the main ingredients of the model proposed in this dissertation are discussed. Chapter 5 considers the cases of morphosyntactic integration. In Chapter 6 the inter-language mappings are introduced and discussed. Chapter 7 brings an interim summary and announces the four subsequent chapters, which bring four case studies, in which the proposed model is put to use to account for larger data sets. Chapter 8 presents an account of consonant gemination in loanwords. Chapters 9 discusses a-epenthesis in Serbo-Croatian from the contact perspective. Chapter 10 brings an account of verb borrowing and aspect in Serbo-Croatian. In Chapter 11 the Latinate nominalisations in Serbo-Croatian are analysed from the perspective of our model. Chapter 12 concludes this dissertation. This book will be of interest for researchers in the fields of language contact, phonology, morphology and the structure of the lexicon, as well as Serbo- Croatian linguistics.
Keywords: Loanword integration, Loanword adaptation, Lexicon stratification, Loanword morphology, Special Faithfulness, Lexical Conservatism, Inter-language mappings
Published in RUNG: 09.02.2018; Views: 3938; Downloads: 308
.pdf Full text (2,95 MB)

42.
When linearity prevails over hierarchy in syntax
Franc Marušič, Tina Šuligoj, 2017, original scientific article

Abstract: Hierarchical structure has been cherished as a grammatical universal. We use experimental methods to show where linear order is also a relevant syntactic relation. An identical methodology and design were used across six research sites on South Slavic languages. Experimental results show that in certain configurations, grammatical production can in fact favor linear order over hierarchical structure. However, these findings are limited to coordinate structures and distinct from the kind of production errors found with comparable configurations such as “attraction” errors. The results demonstrate that agreement morphology may be computed in a series of steps, one of which is partly independent from syntactic hierarchy.
Keywords: experimental syntax, syntactic agreement, elicited language production, coordinated, noun phrases, South Slavic languages
Published in RUNG: 15.01.2018; Views: 4146; Downloads: 185
.pdf Full text (1,75 MB)

43.
Classifier predicate as a small clause in Slovenian Sign Language
Matic Pavlič, 2017, published scientific conference contribution abstract

Abstract: In Slovenian Sign Language (SZJ), classifier predicate cannot be negated and thus it does not qualify as the head of a verb phrase. Such a conclusion does not rule out the possibility that SZJ classifier predicate projects a reduced clausal structure. I analyze these SZJ classifier predicates as non-verbal predicates that form a small-clause structure assuming that classifier small clause is selected by an overt (HAVE) or a covert verbal head. This proposal explains the complexity of classifier predicates. Being a non-verbal projection, classifier predicate fails to move with a verbal V-to-T movement and stays in situ. For SVO languages such as SZJ, this analysis correctly predicts the change from the basic SVO to the non-basic SOV for transitive classifier predicates and from the basic SVOdOi to the non-basic SOdVOi for ditransitive classifier predicates.
Keywords: Slovenian Sign Language, classifier predicate, small clause, word order
Published in RUNG: 10.11.2017; Views: 4374; Downloads: 0
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44.
The dominant and non-dominant hand movement in Slovenian Sign Language locative constructions
Matic Pavlič, 2017, published scientific conference contribution abstract

Abstract: In sign languages, signers habitually encode the relations between locative arguments with a complex predicate consisting of several independent morphemes, as shown by Pfau and Aboh (2012) for Sign Language of the Netherlands. In this study, I discuss the direction and composition of locative movement in Slovenian Sign Language (SZJ), distinguishing it from the movement of non-locative predicates in this language. This distinction gives support to the original distinction between agreeing and spatially agreeing predicates that was first suggested for American Sign Language (ASL) by Padden (1983).
Keywords: Slovenian Sign Language, locative construction, prepositional phrase, hand movement, non-dominant hand perseveration
Published in RUNG: 07.11.2017; Views: 3977; Downloads: 0
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45.
The parameters that set word order in Slovenian Sign Language
Matic Pavlič, 2015, published scientific conference contribution abstract

Abstract: The field of word order (WO) research in oral languages was opened with Greenberg (1963), who discovered that possible WOs are not evenly distributed in his sample of 30 languages. Linguists have ever since struggled to find out how do prevalent WOs emerge in the human brain (for the overview see Kemmerer 2012), how they are derived (for the overview see Dryer and Haspelmath 2013) and acquired (for the overview see Franck et al. 2013). According to Generative Grammar, basic WO is an output of the Head parameter (Chomsky 1981) and the Binarity principle (Kayne 1984). It reflects most transparently in the pragmatically unmarked surface order of subject, object and verb. The research on WO in sign languages (for the overview see Leeson and Saeed 2012) focused on exceptions, that may be triggered by modality specific factors: spacial verb-argument agreement, semantic reversibility and iconicity. In this paper I provide the first description of Slovenian Sign Language (SZJ) arguing that its basic WO is SVO. I examine overt agreement and semantic reversibility and conclude, that these phenomena do not affect WO in SZJ. In the second part, I discuss non-basic SZJ WO that appears in role-shifting and classffer constructions due to the presence of verb-incorporated object classffers. All examples are from SZJ, elicited from L1 SZJ signers by Picture Description Task (see Volterra et al. 1984).
Keywords: Word order, Slovenian Sign Language, classifier predicate
Published in RUNG: 07.11.2017; Views: 4716; Downloads: 0
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46.
Sharing space is Slovenian Sign Language (SZJ)
Matic Pavlič, 2015, published scientific conference contribution

Abstract: In this paper my aim is to introduce Slovenian Sign Language (henceforth SZJ), provide evidence for the sublexical structure of SZJ signs and classify SZJ verbs with regard to their place of articulation. Using Picture Description Task methodology (Volterra et al. 1984) I interviewed seven SZJ native deaf signers and defined two main verb classes: those that are signed on the body and those that are not. According to the tradition of sign languages research (Padden 1983 for American Sign Language) they can be termed as body-anchored, non-agreeing or plain verbs and space-anchored or agreeing verbs, respectively. SZJ body-anchored verbs cannot adjust their place of articulation to the place of articulation of their arguments while SZJ space-anchored verbs move between two distinct loci in signing space adjusting the starting and the ending point of this movement to places where two of their arguments are articulated. I analyze this process as an overt verb-argument agreement and justify SZJ space-anchored verbs as agreeing verbs. I also consider non-manual agreement markings such as eye-gaze, head- and body-lean and show that these markings accompany space-anchored verbs more often than body-anchored verbs. Furthermore, I distinguish a subclass of SZJ verbs that are signed in one locus in space (usually on the non-dominant hand). I examine whether such verbs express agreement overtly or not. I conclude that they do because it shares the very same place of articulation with all of its arguments that are not body-anchored signs.
Keywords: agreement, Slovenian Sign Language, plain and agreeing verbs
Published in RUNG: 06.11.2017; Views: 4764; Downloads: 0
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47.
Sign order in Slovenian Sign Language locative constructions
Matic Pavlič, 2016, original scientific article

Abstract: In both sign and spoken languages, locative relations tend to be encoded within constructions that display the non-basic word/sign order. In addition, in such an environment, sign languages habitually use a distinct predicate type – a classifier predicate – which may independently affect the order of constituents in the sentence. In this paper, I present Slovenian Sign Language (SZJ) locative constructions, in which (i) the argument that enables spatial anchoring (“ground”) precedes both the argument that requires spatial anchoring (“figure”) and the predicate. At the same time, (ii) the relative order of the figure with respect to the predicate depends on the type of predicate employed: a non-classifier predicate precedes the figure, while a classifier predicate only comes after the figure.
Keywords: locative construction, locative adposition, figure and ground, classifier predicate, Slovenian Sign Language
Published in RUNG: 06.11.2017; Views: 3979; Downloads: 0
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48.
Basics of information and communication technologies 2016/2017
Donatella Gubiani, 2017, other educational material

Keywords: flow chart, programming language, python
Published in RUNG: 11.07.2017; Views: 4076; Downloads: 0
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49.
Age-related effects on language production : A combined psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic perspective
Andrea Marini, Sara Andreetta, 2016, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph

Abstract: This chapter focuses on the effects of aging on the process of language production from a psycholinguistic, and neurolinguistic perspective. The first section provides a detailed description of the language production system by outlining the notions of micro- and macrolinguistic processing and introducing to some of the most influential psycholinguistic models of message production. The second part focuses on psycholinguistic investigations assessing age-related variations in the ability to produce a verbal message. A conclusive section outlines the complex interplay between the neural changes induced by aging and the reorganization of the language production system.
Keywords: aging, language, neurolinguistics, psycholinguistics
Published in RUNG: 09.05.2016; Views: 4830; Downloads: 0

50.
A multi-level approach to the analysis of narrative language in aphasia
Andrea Marini, Sara Andreetta, Silvana Del Tin, Sergio Carlomagno, 2011, original scientific article

Abstract: Several studies have shown that traditional standardised aphasia tests may not be sensitive enough to adequately assess linguistic deficits and recovery patterns in persons with aphasia. As a result, both functional and structural methods for the ana- lysis of connected language samples from people with aphasia have been devised (see Armstrong, 2000; Prins & Bastiaanse, 2004). The present article focuses on our attempt to provide a comprehensive, multi-level procedure for both structural and functional analysis of narrative discourse produced by speakers with brain damage. Accordingly, we will describe a method for analysis of connected language samples elicited on single picture and cartoon story description tasks. This method has proven sensitive in the assessment of language deficits in many neurogenic populations. A comprehensive description of the language production sys- tem, a thorough discussion of the different approaches to discourse analysis in persons with aphasia, and the procedure for the analysis of narrative discourse are detailed. The characteristics of the eliciting stimuli, the procedures for their administration and the transcription of the language samples are carefully explained. The analysis focuses on four main aspects of linguistic processing: productivity, lexical and grammatical pro- cessing, narrative organisation, and informativeness. To further illustrate the analytic procedure, two case reports and an appendix with the analysis of a narrative sample are provided. We will provide direct evidence of the usefulness of the multi-level procedure for discourse analysis for assessing changes in discourse performance of two persons with fluent aphasia, with different aetiologies, that were not captured by tradi- tional standardised aphasia tests. The method of analysis presented in this paper has strong grounds in linguistic and psychological theories of linguistic structure and functioning. It also has the advantage of being both quantitative and functional as it captures selective aspects of linguistic processing, and can provide relevant information about the person's communicative and informative skills.
Keywords: aphasia, language, narrative analysis
Published in RUNG: 07.03.2016; Views: 4315; Downloads: 1
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