111. Surviving sluicingFranc Marušič, Petra Mišmaš, Vesna Plesničar, Tina Šuligoj, 2016, published scientific conference contribution abstract Keywords: sluicing, discourse particles, multiple wh-fronting, wh-phrase, left periphery, syntax, Slovenian
Published in RUNG: 14.12.2016; Views: 4778; Downloads: 0
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112. The left periphery of multiple wh-questions in SlovenianPetra Mišmaš, 2016, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: In this paper I focus on multiple wh-questions in Slovenian and argue for an analysis in which wh-phrases move to the extended left periphery of the sentence. Assuming the Cartographic approach, I consider the order of wh-phrases in Slovenian multiple wh-questions, which was previously described as free, e.g. Golden (1997). While I confirm that the order of wh-phrases in the left periphery is generally free, I show that there are some exceptions, e.g. zakaj ‘why’ and kako ‘how’ tend to precede other wh-phrases. In addition, I show that the order of wh-phrases with respect to focus and topic phrases is free, but that one wh-phrase needs to appear in a clause initial position for a question to get a true wh-question reading. Based on this, I propose that the clause initial wh-phrase moves to the Interrogative Projection, in the sense of Rizzi (2001a), and the remaining wh-phrases to Wh-Projections. Crucially, because wh-movement is not restricted by a requirement on chains, cf. Krapova & Cinque (2005), the order of wh-phrases is free.
Keywords: wh-questions, multiple wh-fronting, left periphery, syntax, cartography, Slovenian
Published in RUNG: 13.12.2016; Views: 4631; Downloads: 0
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113. O omejitvi sopojavitev naslonk v slovenskem naslonskem nizuPetra Mišmaš, 2016, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: V prispevku je analizirana omejitev sopojavitev naslonk v slovenskem naslonskem nizu, v katerem se lahko pojavi zgolj ena naslonka določene zvrsti (Orešnik 1985), npr. le ena naslonka v dajalniku. Omejitev je pojasnjena v okviru minimalističnega programa tvorbene slovnice, in sicer z načelom razlikovanja (Richards 2010), ki v slovenščini uravnava tudi druge omejitve sopojavitev, do katerih vodijo skladenjski premiki.
Keywords: naslonke, slovenščina, skladnja, linearizacija, načelo razlikovanja, minimalistični program
Published in RUNG: 14.11.2016; Views: 4880; Downloads: 19
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114. Leva periferija večkratnih k-vprašanj v slovenščiniPetra Mišmaš, 2016, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: V prispevku so v okviru kartografskega pristopa obravnavana večkratna k-vprašanja v slovenščini. Na podlagi raziskave o sprejemljivosti različnih zaporedjih vprašalnic v slovenskem jeziku ter podatkov o vrstnih redih vprašalnic glede na žariščne in tematične zveze je predlagana struktura levega stavčnega obrobja večkratnih k-vprašanj v slovenščini. Pokazano je, da se na prvem mestu leve periferije večkratnih k-vprašanj vedno pojavi vprašalnica, medtem ko je vrstni red žariščnih in tematičnih zvez prost. Prost je tudi vrstni red k-zvez.
Keywords: k-zveza, tematska zveza, žariščna zveza, levo stavčno obrobje, kartografija
Published in RUNG: 25.10.2016; Views: 4606; Downloads: 240
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115. SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS OF THE CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION GENES INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRIC CANCERMarija Rogar, 2016, doctoral dissertation Abstract: INTRODUCTION. Gastric cancer represents the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world. Despite numerous research studies, mechanisms leading to disease are poorly known and unclear. At the molecular level, many changes are involved in the development of gastric cancer, including malfunction of chromosome segregation genes. These abnormalities can lead to chromosomal instability (CIN). Segregation gene function can be affected by the low penetrance errors which include polymorphisms.
AIM. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of selected polymorphisms in specific segregation genes on gastric cancer development.
HYPOTHESIS. The study focused on exploring genotypes of selected polymorphisms in specific mitotic segregation genes. Those that differ significantly between the subjects and the healthy control population, may be associated with higher risk for developing gastric cancer or with certain clinical and histopathological characteristics, and may have effect on the survival of gastric cancer patients.
METHODS. 30 polymorphisms in genes BUB1B, CASC5, ESPL1, PTTG1, SMC1A, TPX2, TTK and ZWINT were included in the study. Subjects were compared with the control group. Polymorphisms were determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequencing.
RESULTS. The association between polymorphisms rs2277559 (BUB1B), rs2241666 (ZWINT), rs11858113 (CASC5) and rs11855334 (CASC5) and increased risk of developing gastric cancer in male population was determined. As concerning rs11855334, statistically significant difference was also observed in the genotype distribution between the whole population of subjects and controls. The association between the genotypes of polymorphisms (in gene BUB1B) rs2277559, rs2290551, rs1801376, rs1047130, rs1565866, rs2277560 and Lauren classification was recognized. Genotypes of polymorphisms rs1801376 (BUB1B), rs11855334 (CASC5), rs2241666 (ZWINT), rs2910101 (PTTG1) and rs1047130 (BUB1B) are linked to different tumour differentiation grades. Survival analysis revealed association between the lymph node involvement and perineural invasion. Statistically higher frequencies of haplotypes G-A-G-T-G-G-A, G-G-A-G-A-A-G and A-G-G-T-A-G-A in gene BUB1B and of haplotypes A-A-A-C and C-C-G-T in gene ESPL1 were observed in gastric cancer patients, whereas haplotypes A-C-A-T and C-A-G-T in gene ESPL1 were significantly more frequent in the control group. Association with gastric cancer was not noted with other polymorphisms.
CONCLUSIONS. The association between specific polymorphisms of selected chromosome segregation genes and gastric cancer was recognized. Findings could provide guidelines for further research and polymorphisms linked to gastric cancer could serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
Keywords: gastric cancer, chromosomal instability, polymorphisms, segregation genes
Published in RUNG: 27.07.2016; Views: 6173; Downloads: 349
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116. Multiple and Short Wh-Movement as Wh-Movement to the PeripheriesPetra Mišmaš, 2016, published scientific conference contribution abstract Abstract: In the talk I use Slovenian to explore the parallel behaviour of questions with multiple whmovement and questions with short movement (i.e. wh-questions in which at least one wh-phrase moves to the clause initial position but one moves to a clause internal position, cf. Citko (2010)). Based on the similarities, I argue that in both cases wh-phrases undergo wh-movement to a ‘Periphery’ – short wh-movement to the Low Periphery in the sense of Belletti (2004), and multiple wh-movement to the Left Periphery in the sense of Rizzi (1997).
Keywords: Low Periphery, Left Periphery, wh-movement, Slavic
Published in RUNG: 13.06.2016; Views: 4790; Downloads: 0
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118. On the Optionality of Wh-Fronting in a Multiple Wh-Fronting LanguagePetra Mišmaš, 2015, doctoral dissertation Abstract: This thesis explores the fact that in Slovenian multiple wh-questions not all wh-phrases have to front. This suggests that multiple wh-movement in Slovenian is optional. The majority of the existing literature on multiple wh-fronting focuses on questions in which all wh-phrases have to move to clause initial positions, I, on the other hand, focus on optionality in multiple wh-questions. I show movement in Slovenian is not avoided because of phonological, syntactic or semantic restrictions that influence other languages (cf. Bošković 2002), and that the Principle of Distinctness (Richards 2010) does not account for all cases of optional multiple wh-fronting in Slovenian.
Three types of multiple wh-questions in Slovenian are determined and analyzed: (i) questions in which all wh-phrases move to clause initial positions (i.e. questions with multiple wh-fronting), (ii) questions in which one wh-phrase has to be moved to a clause initial position and the rest undergo movement to a clause internal position (multiple wh-questions with short movement), (iii) questions in which at least one wh-phrase has to be moved to a clause initial position and the rest stay in situ (multiple wh-questions with wh-in-situ). Crucially, in all three types at least one wh-phrase has to move to a clause initial position for a question to receive a true question reading.
I assume the Cartographic approach and propose an account of multiple wh-fronting in Slovenian in which one wh-phrase has to move to an Interrogative Projection (the clause initial position) in the Left Periphery while the remaining wh-phrases move to Wh-Projections in the Left Periphery, questions in (i), or the Low Periphery, questions in (ii). I propose that wh-phrases with a wh-feature undergo wh-movement, which means that wh-movement is in fact obligatory in Slovenian. In questions of type (iii), wh-phrases that do not undergo movement are in fact bare wh-pronouns, which one also finds in polarity contexts, that are licensed by the interpretable Q+wh-feature located in the Interrogative Projection. Because the bare wh-pronouns do not come with a wh-feature, they do not have to move. I conclude that wh-movement in Slovenian only appears to be optional.
Keywords: multiple wh-fronting, short movement, optionality, Interrogative Projection, Left Periphery, Low Periphery, bare wh-pronouns, wh-in-situ
Published in RUNG: 10.11.2015; Views: 8160; Downloads: 420
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119. Vpliv vremena na pogostost nesreč in stopnjo poškodb na cestahPetra Gerbec, 2015, undergraduate thesis Abstract: Prometna nesreča je posledica prepleta različnih dejavnikov kot so: psihofizično stanje voznika, tehnične značilnosti vozila, kakovost cestišča in vpliv vremena. V diplomskem delu so predstavljeni trendi prometnih nesreč na območju Ljubljane, Maribora in Nove Gorice v obdobju 1995-2014. Po letu 2006 oziroma 2007 v vseh treh krajih beležimo zmanjševanje števila prometnih nesreč. Pri letnem hodu je opazno najnižje število prometnih nesreč julija in avgusta, največ pa se jih zgodi oktobra. Med tednom se največ prometnih nesreč zgodi v petek, medtem ko jih je najmanj v nedeljo. Glavni namen dela je bil proučiti povezavo med vremenom in številom prometnih nesreč ter njihovimi posledicami. Pri opisu podatkov in povezav med njimi smo si pomagali z aritmetično sredino, drsečimi sredinami in Pearsonovim korelacijskim koeficientom. Za oceno letnega, tedenskega in Luninega cikla smo si pomagali s periodogramom. Za ugotovitev dejanskega vpliva spremenljivosti vremena smo dnevnemu številu nesreč odšteli značilni letni in tedenski hod, meteorološkim spremenljivkam pa značilni letni hod. Ugotovili smo, da vreme ni glavni dejavnik tveganja za prometne nesreče saj se okrog 80 % nesreč zgodi v jasnem in oblačnem vremenu. Med vremenskimi vplivi so najpomembnejše padavine. Zaznali smo tudi vpliv trajanja sončnega obsevanja, hitrosti vetra, dnevnega zračnega tlaka in dnevne temperature zraka. Vpliv Lune na dnevno število prometnih nesreč smo v diplomskem delu zavrgli.
Keywords: Prometne nesreče, poškodbe, vremenske razmere, Luna
Published in RUNG: 06.10.2015; Views: 8678; Downloads: 357
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