71. Short-term physiological and biometrical responses of Lepidium sativum seedlings exposed to PET-made microplastics and acid rainSara Pignattelli, Andrea Broccoli, Manuela Piccardo, Serena Felline, Antonio Terlizzi, Monia Renzi, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Plastics enter in terrestrial natural system primarily by agricultural purposes, while acid rain is the result of
anthropogenic activities. The synergistic effects of microplastics and acid rain on plant growth are not known. In
this study, different sizes of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and acid rain are tested on Lepidium sativum, in two
separate experimental sets. In the first one we treated plants only with PET, in the second one we used PET and
acid rain together. In both experimentations we analyzed: i) plant biometrical parameters (shoot height, leaf
number, percentage inhibition of seed germination, fresh biomass), and ii) oxidative stress responses (hydrogen
peroxide; ascorbic acid and glutathione). Results carried out from our experiments highlighted that different
sizes of polyethylene terephthalate are able to affect plant growth and physiological responses, with or without
acid rain supplied during acute toxicity (6 days).
Short description: This study showed that different sizes of PET microplastics affect physiological and biometrical
responses of Lepidum sativum seedlings, with or without acid rain; roots and leaves responded differently
Keywords: Polyethylene terephthalate
Acid rain
Oxidative stress
Biometrical response
Lepidium sativum
Published in RUNG: 16.12.2020; Views: 2391; Downloads: 0
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72. Ga2Se3 Nanowires via Au-Assisted Heterovalent Exchange Reaction on GaAsFederico Berto, Niloofar Haghighian, Katja Ferfolja, Sandra Gardonio, Mattia Fanetti, Faustino Martelli, Valentina Mussi, Vladimir G. Dubrovskii, Igor V. Shtrom, Alfonso Franciosi, Silvia Rubini, 2020, original scientific article Keywords: nanowires, Gallium arsenide, Gallium Selenide, gold, molecular beam epitaxy
Published in RUNG: 15.12.2020; Views: 2504; Downloads: 0
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78. Chemical Instability of an Interface between Silver and Bi2Se3 Topological Insulator at Room TemperatureKatja Ferfolja, Matjaž Valant, Iuliia Mikulska, Sandra Gardonio, Mattia Fanetti, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: Understanding an interaction at an interface between a topological insulator and a metal is of critical importance when designing electronic and spintronic devices or when such systems are used in catalysis. In this paper, we report on a chemical instability of the interface between Bi2Se3 and Ag studied by X-ray powder diffraction and electron microscopy. We present strong experimental evidence of a redox solid-state reaction occurring at the interface with kinetics that is significant already at room temperature. The reaction yields Ag2Se, AgBiSe2, and Bi. The unexpected room-temperature chemical instability of the interface should be considered for all future theoretical and applicative studies involving the interface between Bi2Se3 and Ag.
Keywords: topological insulators, Ag, thin metal films, interfaces, redox reaction
Published in RUNG: 17.06.2020; Views: 2965; Downloads: 0
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79. Physiological responses of garden cress (L. sativum) to different types of microplasticsSara Pignattelli, Andrea Broccoli, Monia Renzi, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: In this study, for the first time, acute and chronic toxicity caused by four different kinds of microplastics: polypropylene
(PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinylchloride (PVC), and a commercial mixture (PE + PVC) on Lepidium sativum were evaluated. Parameters considered were: i) biometric parameters (e.g. percentage inhibition of seed germination, plant height, leaf number and fresh biomass productions); and ii) oxidative stress (e.g. levels of hydrogen peroxide, glutathione, and ascorbic acid). On plants exposed to chronic stress chlorophylls, carotenoids, aminolaevulinic acid, and proline productions were, also, evaluated. PVC resulted the most toxic than other plastic materials tested. This study represents the first paper highlighting microplastics are able to produce oxidative burst in tested plants and could represent an important starting point for future researches on biochemical effects of microplastic in terrestrial environments such as agroecosystems.
Keywords: Polypropylene
Polyethylene
Polyvinylchloride
Plastic packaging
Microplastics
Plant exposure
Published in RUNG: 24.04.2020; Views: 2887; Downloads: 0
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80. Development of encapsulation techniques for the production and conservation of synthetic seeds in ornamental plantsYelda Ozden-Tokatli, Anna De Carlo, Fusun Gumusel, Sara Pignattelli, Maurizio Lambardi, 2008, original scientific article Abstract: The synthetic seed ("synseed") technology, initially developed through the encapsulation of somatic embryos, is now available for the use with non-embryogenic in vitro-derived explants, such as buds and nodal segments. For ornamental plants, to date there are few reports dealing with the production and the conservation of synseeds. Hence, the present study was conducted to develop an efficient encapsulation protocol for apical and axillary buds from various ornamental shrubs, i.e., oleander (Nerium oleander L.), photinia (Photinia fraseri Dress.), and lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.). For encapsulation, apical and axillary buds were excised, directly immersed in a Na-alginate solution, and then released dropwise in 100 mM CaCl2 center dot 2H(2)O for bead hardening. With photinia, best results were achieved when the synseeds were prepared using 3% Na-alginate, beads hardened for 30 min and germinated on hormone-free or BA-containing gelled MS medium. Thus, up to 92% of synseeds germinated and converted to shoots in a period of 10-11 days. The synthetic seeds of lilac, containing apical buds, showed a shorter germination time when 10-30 g 1(-1) sucrose was included in their "artificial endosperm". Successful medium-term conservation was then achieved with the storage of synthetic seeds at 4 degrees C in the dark on gelled MS medium, where up to 75% (oleander) and and 9 1 % (photinia) synseeds still germinated after 2 or 3 months of cold storage, respectively. Moreover, promising results have been obtained with the cryopreservation of photinia apical buds by means of the technique of "encapsulation-dehydration".
Keywords: conservation, cryopreservation, encapsulation, ornamentals, synthetic seeds
Published in RUNG: 20.04.2020; Views: 2866; Downloads: 0
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