51. Urban Conservation System in China and Its Improvement by Using Historic Urban Landscape ApproachChen Shujie, 2018, doctoral dissertation Abstract: In the last few decades, the Modern Conservation Movement has developed from European-limited practices into a global movement with universal common views and practical measures for managing heritage resources in different cultural contexts. As an innovative idea of this movement, the Historic Urban Landscape approach aims to protect and manage historic urban environments with respect to both the fundamental principles in the international doctrines and the local social/cultural/historical contexts. It recommends local authorities to use the HUL toolkit to identify, conserve and manage the overall landscape of their historic cities.
In the case of China, who is an old civilization, a modern nation and a socialist country at the same time, the conservation practice needs to follow the basic and common conservation principles in the international doctrines, and meanwhile, it shall make its initiatives based on the actual social, cultural and political situations. The establishment of Historically and Culturally Famous City (HCF City in short) system is a positive attempt for such a purpose. The system manages various urban elements relating to the city’s historical and cultural features under a comprehensive notion of HCF City. However, the system is not prefect because it depends excessively on the top-down management of local governments, and also because it overlooks the spatial and spiritual relationships among the protected elements...
The thesis provides a big picture of architectural and urban conservation practices in China. It introduces the forming process and the characteristics of historic urban fabric, as well as the history of urban conservation. Then, it takes a deep look at the existing HCF City system, including its basic ideas, structures and mechanism. It analyses the system’s initiatives and deficiencies. Finally, it provides feasible advices to improve the current system by using the HUL toolkit.
Keywords: Urban, History, Heritage, Conservation, Management International Principles, Modern Conservation Movement, Globalization, Localization Historic Urban Area, Historically and Culturally Famous Cities, Conservation System, Historic Urban Landscape Chinese Architecture, Chinese Urban Planning, Conservation History, Policy
Published in RUNG: 11.02.2019; Views: 4105; Downloads: 48
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52. REVITALISATION OF RUINS AND THE IMPACT ON CONSERVATION POLICIES IN SLOVENIA. CASE STUDY OF THE CARTHUSIAN MONASTERY AT ŽIČE, SLOVENIAMateja Golež, 2019, doctoral dissertation Abstract: The doctoral dissertation in question presents in detail the issue of protecting architectural heritage as ruins on the example of the Žiče Charterhouse complex in Slovenia. The author based her work on the history of conservation, internationally applicable charters related to architectural heritage protection and on examples taken from international conservation practice.
Although the Slovenian conservation profession, as an independent technical and scientific discipline, received its formal legal status through the emergence of independent Slovenia merely a couple of decades ago, it is possible to claim that Slovenia, with its first academically qualified conservation specialists Avguštin Stegenšek and France Stele, was in contact with active policy on heritage protection as early as before World War I, when the Slovenian territory was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and also after the War, when the territory was annexed to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Despite long-standing efforts, Slovenians did not achieve the legal protection of architectural heritage until early 1980s, when an independent act on the protection of natural and cultural heritage was adopted in former Yugoslavia. Because of this, the tasks carried out by conservation specialists until that time primarily focused on documenting heritage and carrying out the most pressing maintenance works.
Since all major international charters related to cultural heritage protection were signed when Slovenia was part of former Yugoslavia and after it became independent, it is not possible to claim that the profession did not follow the international legal order in this field. This is why it is sometimes difficult to understand the large gap between international technical criteria and the conservation decisions made by Slovenian conservation experts when performing intervention works on structures or sites of cultural value in Slovenia. To improve this condition, it is therefore vital that buildings be treated comprehensively prior to interventions, including in terms of carrying out natural science and technical research studies that provide an insight into the materials, structural frame and building physics of a building, as shown in the doctoral dissertation on the example of the ruin of the Church of St. John the Baptist at Žiče Charterhouse. Only by carefully analysing historic materials, it is possible to make the right decision on the use of adequate substitute materials for the needs of maintaining a ruin and, only on the basis of preliminary research made into structural frames, it will be possible to monitor the vitality of ruins in future, whereby using state-of-the-art research methods from conservation science. Since the Church of St. John the Baptist has lost its original intended use and also the possibility to get it back, the author of the dissertation proposes that the structure not be reconstructed, since this would imply a major deviation from original architecture, with a shortage of adequate documentation that would provide a basis for credible reconstruction. For this reason, the author of the doctoral dissertation defends the position that the Church be protected as a ruin.
The operator of the monastery complex and the entire valley of St. John, where the remains of the lower and upper monastic houses of the Žiče Charterhouse are located, now faces quite a challenging task. It will have to prepare a management plan that will foresee expert bases for sustainable use of natural and cultural values of this site and a suitable development policy, whereby giving the key role to the local community.
Keywords: ruins, architectural history, legislation, international charters, revitalization, natural science research, Žiče monastery
Published in RUNG: 22.01.2019; Views: 4100; Downloads: 151
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55. Prospects for lensed supernovae behind galaxy clusters with the James Webb Space TelescopeTanja Petrushevska, 2018, published scientific conference contribution abstract Abstract: Galaxies, and clusters of galaxies, can act as gravitational lenses and magnify the light of
objects behind them. The effect enables observations of very distant supernovae, that
otherwise would be too faint to be detected by existing telescopes, and allows studies of
the frequency and properties of these rare phenomena when the universe was young.
Under the right circumstances, multiple images of the lensed supernovae can be
observed, and due to the variable nature of the objects, the difference between the arrival
times of the images can be measured. Since the images have taken different paths
through space before reaching us, the time-differences are sensitive to the expansion rate
of the universe. One class of supernovae, Type Ia, are of particular interest to detect. Their
well known brightness can be used to determine the magnification, which can be used to
understand the lensing systems. I will also report our discovery of the first resolved
multiply-imaged gravitationally lensed supernova Type Ia. I will also show the expectations
of search campaigns that can be conducted with future facilities, such as the James Webb
Space Telescope (JWST) or the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST).
Keywords: Strong lensing, Hubble constant, measuring expansion history with time delays, lensed supernovae
Published in RUNG: 09.07.2018; Views: 3607; Downloads: 139
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57. Portrait of lightMarco Pelos Spagno, 2017, undergraduate thesis Abstract: This work aims to research the basic structure of lighting in portraits in a controlled light situation. After providing a brief historical introduction to define where modern lighting comes from, I will describe and analyse the tools used to modify the light in a studio and the procedure to follow before a portrait session. I will present a series of images shot in a studio, and I will touch upon most possible basic lighting setups in a portrait session, from most simple ones to some more complex ones, describing the set of lights, the type of modifiers used, and the effects that the light can have on a viewer. My final aim is to build up a collection of light setups that can be helpful to anyone who wants to approach portrait photography and the studio workflow, not aiming to build a manual, but just providing a report on my personal research and study.
Keywords: portrait, light, studio, study, technique, photography, bw, model, modifiers, controloflight, history, paintings, art, exposure
Published in RUNG: 29.11.2017; Views: 4926; Downloads: 314
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58. Development of Slovenian linguistic terminology in Slovenian grammars in the 18th and 19th centuriesMitja Trojar, 2017, doctoral dissertation Abstract: The dissertation describes the problems of metalanguage and peculiarities of linguistic terminology. Special attention is paid to autonymy, which plays a central role in metalanguage.
The dissertation presents the life and work of Eugen Wüster, the founder of traditional terminology, and the principal tenets of his approach to terminology. Traditional terminology is critically evaluated; we show its inability to describe linguistic terminology: it lacks a coherent theoretical apparatus enabling description, its semantic theory is based on classical definition, which in many cases cannot be formulated, which means that traditional terminology is also unable to account for translation of terms and comparison of concepts across different concept systems.
A sample of 50 basic linguistic terms from 19 grammars from the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries was used to examine the development of Slovenian linguistic terminology and to ascertain who played the most important role in it. The research shows that Anton Janežič made by far the most important contribution to Slovenian linguistic terminology: he introduced 27 terms (in both his 1854 and 1863 grammars), which represents 54% of the 50 terms retained by Breznik.
The dissertation also contains some remarks on the semantics of linguistic terms.
The scientific relevance of the thesis lies in its critical evaluation of traditional terminology; the results show that traditional terminology faces a number of theoretical problems; a new theory of terminology is needed, one that will be able to account for translation of terms as well as for diachronic conceptual change. The scientific relevance of results related to the second research goal (determining the contributions of individual grammarians to the development of Slovenian linguistic terminology) consists in proposing a model of research that could be used in order to measure the influence of a specific author on the introduction of new terms.
Keywords: metalanguage, linguistic terminology, history of terminology, development of linguistic terminology, diachrony
Published in RUNG: 27.11.2017; Views: 7532; Downloads: 371
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60. The Problem of the Representation of Women Authors in Slovenian Secondary School Literature TextbooksZoran Božič, 2016, original scientific article Abstract: This paper is based on empirical research on the share of women authors in Slovenian secondary school literature textbooks between 1850 and 2000. The highest share (about 15%) of women
authors was achieved after the Second World War and in contemporary textbooks. However, this share occurred in only one of three competing books, one which offers a considerably larger
selection of authors than that required by the curriculum. The research showed that the share of
women authors depends on the scope of the approach: the fewer authors that are included, the smaller is the likelihood of women authors being represented. With a very strict selection of
nationally representative authors, the female gender is not represented at all. The gender of the selector(s) may influence the inclusion of women authors, but not necessarily: a textbookʼs editor may be a woman, yet still fail to include a single woman author. A comparison between textbooks and literary-historical selections shows that women authors in textbooks are less represented (due to limitations of the scope as determined by the included literary texts), and the selection criteria may also differ.
Keywords: Canonization, Didactics, Women authors, Literary history, Slovenian secondary school textbooks
Published in RUNG: 17.11.2016; Views: 4706; Downloads: 216
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