31. Telescope Array Cloud Ranging TestT. Okuda, Jon Paul Lundquist, 2022, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: The Telescope Array (TA) experiment detects air-showers induced by ultra high energy cosmic rays. The TA atmospheric Fluorescence telescopic Detector(TAFD) observes cosmic ray airshower, which is incident very far from the telescope. The observation does not take place in overcast night. However, the cloud status changes quickly and sometimes there are some isolated clouds. If the cloud is behind the airshower as viewed from the TAFD, the cloud presents no problem for airshower reconstruction. However if the cloud obscures the airshower, it does create a problem for airshower reconstruction. The problematic event can be rejected by airshower profile at reconstruction. However, the estimation of exposure with isolated cloud is difficult. And it should be affected more at higher energy event with relatively further from the telescope, which is lower statistics and more important for the ultra high energy cosmic ray physics. Therefore, to test the method for evaluating the correction of exposure, we installed stereo cloud cameras near one of FD sites. I report the status of the study of the Telescope Array Cloud Ranging Test. Ključne besede: Telescope Array, indirect detection, fluorescence detection, cerenkov light, ultra-high energy, cosmic rays, atmosphere, cloud detection, exposure, air shower reconstruction Objavljeno v RUNG: 04.10.2023; Ogledov: 841; Prenosov: 7 Celotno besedilo (5,81 MB) Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
32. FOV direction and image size calibration of Fluorescence Detector using light source on UAVA. Nakazawa, Jon Paul Lundquist, 2022, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: In the Telescope Array (TA) experiment, we have been observing cosmic rays using a Fluorescence Detector (FD). More than 10 years have passed since we started this observation, and the accuracy of the observation has become more important than ever. We have developed the "Opt-copter" as a calibration device for the FDs. The Opt-copter is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a light source and can fly freely within the FD's field of view (FOV). In addition, the Opt-copter is equipped with a high-precision RTK-GPS, which enables it to accurately determine the position of the light source in flight. With this device, we can obtain detailed information on the optical characteristics of the FD. So far, we have reported on the configuration of the device and the analysis of the FOV direction. In this presentation, we will report on the new FOV analysis and image size analysis. Ključne besede: Telescope Array, indirect detection, fluorescence detection, ultra-high energy, cosmic rays, light source, calibration, UAV, FOV Objavljeno v RUNG: 04.10.2023; Ogledov: 854; Prenosov: 7 Celotno besedilo (7,14 MB) Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
33. Current status and prospects of surface detector of the TAx4 experimentE. Kido, Jon Paul Lundquist, 2022, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: Telescope Array (TA) is the largest ultrahigh energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) observatory in the Northern Hemisphere. A surface detector (SD) array covers approximately 700 km^2, and the SD array is surrounded by three fluorescence detector (FD) stations. TA has found evidence for a cluster of cosmic rays with energies greater than 57 EeV from the TA SD data. In order to confirm this evidence with more data, we started the TAx4 experiment which expands the detection area using new SDs and FDs. We started construction of new SDs which are arranged in a square grid with 2.08 km spacing at the north east and south east of the TA SD array. More than half of the new SDs are already deployed and running. We present the current status of the TAx4 SD, trigger efficiency and exposure prospects for the highest energy part of the cosmic ray spectrum. Ključne besede: Telescope Array, TAx4, indirect detection, surface detection, ground array, ultra-high energy, cosmic rays, trigger efficiency Objavljeno v RUNG: 04.10.2023; Ogledov: 740; Prenosov: 8 Celotno besedilo (1,30 MB) Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
34. Extraction of the Muon Signals Recorded with the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory Using Recurrent Neural NetworksJ.M. Carceller, Andrej Filipčič, Jon Paul Lundquist, Samo Stanič, Serguei Vorobiov, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Lukas Zehrer, 2022, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: We present a method based on the use of Recurrent Neural Networks to
extract the muon component from the time traces registered with
water-Cherenkov detector (WCD) stations of the Surface Detector of the Pierre
Auger Observatory. The design of the WCDs does not allow to separate the
contribution of muons to the time traces obtained from the WCDs from those of
photons, electrons and positrons for all events. Separating the muon and
electromagnetic components is crucial for the determination of the nature of
the primary cosmic rays and properties of the hadronic interactions at
ultra-high energies.
We trained a neural network to extract the muon and the
electromagnetic components from the WCD traces using a large set
of simulated air showers, with around 450 000 simulated events.
For training and evaluating the performance of the neural network,
simulated events with energies between 10^18.5 eV and 10^20 eV
and zenith angles below 60 degrees were used. We also study the
performance of this method on experimental data of the Pierre
Auger Observatory and show that our predicted muon lateral
distributions agree with the parameterizations obtained by the
AGASA collaboration. Ključne besede: Pierre Auger Observatory, indirect detection, surface detection, ground array, ultra-high energy, cosmic rays, muons, machine learning, recurrent neural network Objavljeno v RUNG: 04.10.2023; Ogledov: 684; Prenosov: 6 Celotno besedilo (1,08 MB) Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
35. A study of analysis method for the identification of UHECR source typeF. Yoshida, Jon Paul Lundquist, 2022, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: The autocorrelation analysis using the arrival direction of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) has been previously reported by the Telescope Array (TA) experiment. It is expected that the autocorrelation function reflects the source distribution. We simulate the expected arrival direction distribution of the cosmic rays using the catalogs of candidate sources. We take into account random deflection in the magnetic fields, with the magnitude of deflection determined by the charge and energy of the cosmic rays, coherence length and magnitude of the extragalactic magnetic field (EGMF), and by distance to source. In addition, in order to compare with the results of TA experiment, we consider the TA exposure. We compare the autocorrelation of the arrival directions corresponding to different source catalogs with the isotropic distribution. We calculate the autocorrelation function for each type of source candidates using this procedure. We will discuss the ability of this method to identify the source type of UHECRs. Ključne besede: Telescope Array, indirect detection, surface detection, ground array, ultra-high energy, cosmic rays, energy spectrum, composition, anisotropy, autocorrelation, source models, magnetic fields Objavljeno v RUNG: 04.10.2023; Ogledov: 801; Prenosov: 6 Celotno besedilo (2,71 MB) Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
36. Update of the Offline Framework for AugerPrimeL. Nellen, Andrej Filipčič, Jon Paul Lundquist, Samo Stanič, Serguei Vorobiov, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Lukas Zehrer, 2022, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: Work on the Offline Framework for the Pierre Auger Observatory was
started in 2003 to create a universal framework for event
reconstruction and simulation. The development and installation of
the AugerPrime upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory require an
update of the Offline Framework to handle the additional detector
components and the upgraded Surface Detector Electronics.
The design of the Offline Framework proved to be sufficiently
flexible to accommodate the changes needed to be able to handle the
AugerPrime detector. This flexibility has been a goal since the
development of the code started. The framework separates data
structures from processing modules. The detector components map
directly onto data structures. It was straightforward to update or
add processing modules to handle the additional information from
the new detectors.
We will discuss the general structure of the Offline Framework,
explaining the design decisions that provided its flexibility and
point out the few of the features of the original design that
required deeper changes, which could have been avoided in
hindsight. Given the disruptive nature of the AugerPrime upgrade,
the developers decided that the update for AugerPrime was the moment
to change also the language standard for the implementation and move
to the latest version of C++, to break strict backward compatibility
eliminating deprecated interfaces, and to modernize the development
infrastructure. We will discuss the changes that were made to the
structure in general and the modules that were added to the
framework to handle the new detector components. Ključne besede: Pierre Auger Observatory, AugerPrime, indirect detection, surface detection, ground array, fluorescence detection, ultra-high energy, cosmic rays, event reconstruction, simulation, software framework Objavljeno v RUNG: 04.10.2023; Ogledov: 776; Prenosov: 5 Celotno besedilo (1,12 MB) Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
37. The upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory with the Scintillator Surface Detector.G. Cataldi, Andrej Filipčič, Jon Paul Lundquist, Samo Stanič, Serguei Vorobiov, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Lukas Zehrer, 2022, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: Since its full commissioning in 2008, the Pierre Auger Observatory has consistently demonstrated its scientific productivity. A major upgrade of the Surface Detector array (SD) improves the capabilities of measuring the different components of extensive air showers. One of the elements of the upgrade consists of new Scintillator Surface Detectors (SSD) placed on top of the Water-Cherenkov stations of the SD. At the Observatory, the integration of the SSD components and their deployment in the array is well advanced.
In this paper, the main challenges and characteristics of the construction and installation will be reviewed. Started in 2016, an Engineering Array of twelve upgraded stations has been taking data in the field. In March 2019, a preproduction array of 77 SSDs started data acquisition with an adapted version of non-upgraded electronics. It is collecting events and proving the goodness of SSD design. Since December 2020, the upgraded electronics boards are being deployed in the field together with the photomultiplier tubes, increasing the number of SSD detectors, which are taking data continuosly with good stability. In this paper, the-long term performance of a subset of stations acquiring data for more than two years will be discussed. The data collected so far demonstrate the quality of the new detectors and the physics potential of the upgrade project Ključne besede: Pierre Auger Observatory, indirect detection, surface detection, ground array, scintillator surface detectors, ultra-high energy, cosmic rays Objavljeno v RUNG: 04.10.2023; Ogledov: 613; Prenosov: 5 Celotno besedilo (3,56 MB) Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
38. Telescope Array Surface Detector Energy and Arrival Direction Estimation Using Deep LearningO. Kalashev, Jon Paul Lundquist, 2022, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: A novel ultra-high-energy cosmic rays energy and arrival direction reconstruction method for Telescope Array surface detector is presented. The analysis is based on a deep convolutional neural network using detector signal time series as the input and the network is trained on a large Monte-Carlo dataset. This method is compared in terms of statistical and systematic energy and arrival direction determination errors with the standard Telescope Array surface detector event reconstruction procedure. Ključne besede: Telescope Array, indirect detection, surface detection, ground array, ultra-high energy, cosmic rays, energy, arrival directions, reconstruction, machine learning, neural network Objavljeno v RUNG: 04.10.2023; Ogledov: 602; Prenosov: 6 Celotno besedilo (1,10 MB) Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
39. The status of the TALE surface detector array and TALE infill projectA. Iwasakia, Jon Paul Lundquist, 2022, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: Routine hybrid observations of the surface detectors (SD) in conjunction with the fluorescence detectors (FD) of the Telescope Array Low-energy Extension (TALE) began in November 2018. In this presentation, we will describe the simulation studies of detector aperture and resolution of the TALE SD, and report on the latest observation results other than the energy spectrum. We are also in the process of expanding the experiment by 50 SDs, with even smaller nearest-neighbor spacing, in order lower the energy threshold to match that of the Cherenkov-dominated events seen by the FD. Details of the upgrade and expected performance of this new extension will be discussed. Ključne besede: Telescope Array, TALE, low energy extension, indirect detection, surface detection, hybrid detection, ground array, fluorescence detection, ultra-high energy, cosmic rays Objavljeno v RUNG: 04.10.2023; Ogledov: 681; Prenosov: 81 Celotno besedilo (1011,84 KB) Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
40. Expected performance of the AugerPrime Radio DetectorF. Schlüter, Andrej Filipčič, Jon Paul Lundquist, Samo Stanič, Serguei Vorobiov, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Lukas Zehrer, 2022, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: The AugerPrime Radio Detector will significantly increase the sky coverage of mass-sensitive measurements of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with the Pierre Auger Observatory. The detection of highly inclined air showers with the world’s largest 3000km^2 radio-antenna array in coincidence with the Auger water-Cherenkov detector provides a clean separation of the electromagnetic and muonic shower components. The combination of these highly complementary measurements yields a strong sensitivity to the mass composition of cosmic rays.
We will present the first results of an end-to-end simulation study of the performance of the AugerPrime Radio Detector. The study features a complete description of the AugerPrime radio antennas and reconstruction of the properties of inclined air showers, in particular the electromagnetic energy. The performance is evaluated utilizing a comprehensive set of simulated air showers together with recorded background. The estimation of an energy- and direction-dependent aperture yields an estimation of the expected 10-year event statistics. The potential to measure the number of muons in air showers with the achieved statistics is outlined. Based on the achieved energy resolution, the potential to discriminate between different cosmic-ray primaries is presented. Ključne besede: Pierre Auger Observatory, AugerPrime, indirect detection, radio detection, radio antenna array, ultra-high energy, cosmic rays, air-shower muons, composition Objavljeno v RUNG: 04.10.2023; Ogledov: 660; Prenosov: 6 Celotno besedilo (1,85 MB) Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |