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An economic analysis of biomass potential as an opportunity to increase the share of biogas production for energy purposes in Slovenia : master's thesis
Stefan Dabižljević, 2021, magistrsko delo

Opis: One of the biggest global problems, the solution of being put in front of the scientists around the world, is endangering the environment. To preserve it, the transition from non-renewable to renewable energy sources is a rational and necessary solution. One of the energy sources with great potential in the future is biomass. In the master’s thesis, we have studied the economic analysis of the possibility of obtaining energy from biogas in Slovenia for the production of which biomass is used. For the study to be successful, it was necessary to analyse the situation in the field of renewable energy sources and biogas in the European Union and Slovenia to obtain a general picture for further analysis. By analysing the available data from previous years, we gained insight into the situation in the given area. The master’s thesis aims to show that although Slovenia has been facing the problem of a decreasing number of biogas power plants for years, the implementation of a system for obtaining energy from biogas is an economically and environmentally viable investment. The economic analysis was done for a 1 MW plant. The choice of plant size and power was made based on the Kepner-Tregoe method and the method of comparing alternatives. For the project duration of 30 years, through cash flows, as well as through various economic indicators, such as the presentation of loan calculations with a certain interest rate, internal rate of return, repayment period method, present project value, etc., the economic side of the investment is presented, which aims to show the profitability of the project.
Ključne besede: Renewable energy sources, biomass, biogas, economic analysis, investment, project
Objavljeno v RUNG: 07.09.2021; Ogledov: 2192; Prenosov: 95
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Hidden black carbon air pollution in hilly rural areas - a case study of Dinaric depression
Kristina Glojek, Asta Gregorič, Griša Močnik, Andrea Cuesta-Mosquera, A. Wiedensohler, Luka Drinovec, Matej Ogrin, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: Air pollution is not an exclusively urban problem as wood burning is a widespread practice in rural areas. As we lack information on the air quality situation in rural mountainous regions, our aim is to examine equivalent black carbon (eBC) pollution in a typical rural karst area in the settlement of Loški Potok (Slovenia). eBC mass concentrations were measured by Aethalometer (AE-33) at two sites in Retje karst depression. The rural village station was located at the bottom of the karst depression whereas the rural background station was positioned at the top of the hill. We showthe diurnal variation of equivalent black carbon mass concentrations for different seasons. In the populated karst depression, the major source of eBC pollution are households using wood as a heating fuel reaching the highest mass concentrations in winter. Diurnal pattern of eBC from biomass burning and traffic differ due to different source activity and it is influenced by typical formation of a cold air pool from late afternoon until late morning, restricting the dispersion of local emissions. The large difference in mass concentrations between the lowest part of the village (rural station) and the top of the hill (rural background station) indicates that in a vertically stratified and stable atmosphere local sources of black carbon have a major impact onair quality conditions in the area studied. Since in Alpine and Dinaric regions there are many similar inhabited areas, we can expect similar air quality conditions also in other rural hilly areas with limited self-cleaning air capacity.
Ključne besede: air pollution, black carbon, hidden geographies, diurnal variation, biomass burning, relief depressions, Loški Potok, Slovenia
Objavljeno v RUNG: 04.01.2021; Ogledov: 2276; Prenosov: 0
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The excess of phosphorus in soil reduces physiological performances over time but enhances prompt recovery of salt-stressed Arundo donax plants
Claudia Cocozza, Federico Brilli, Sara Pignattelli, Susanna Pollastri, Cecilia Brunetti, Cristina Gonnelli, Roberto Tognetti, Mauro Centritto, Francesco Loreto, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: Arundo donax L. is an invasive grass species with high tolerance to a wide range of environmental stresses. The response of potted A. donax plants to soil stress characterized by prolonged exposure (43 days) to salinity (+Na), to high concentration of phosphorus (+P), and to the combination of high Na and P (+NaP) followed by 14 days of recovery under optimal nutrient solution, was investigated along the entire time-course of the experiment. After an exposure of 43 days, salinity induced a progressive decline in stomatal conductance that hampered A. donax growth through diffusional limitations to photosynthesis and, when combined with high P, reduced the electron transport rate. Isoprene emission from A. donax leaves was stimulated as Na+ concentration raised in leaves. Prolonged growth in P-enriched substrate did not significantly affect A. donax performance, but decreased isoprene emission from leaves. Prolonged exposure of A. donax to + NaP increased the leaf level of H2O2, stimulated the production of carbohydrates, phenylpropanoids, zeaxanthin and increased the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophylls. This might have resulted in a higher stress tolerance that allowed a fast and full recovery following stress relief. Moreover, the high amount of ABA-glucose ester accumulated in leaves of A. donax exposed to + NaP might have favored stomata re-opening further sustaining the observed prompt recovery of photosynthesis. Therefore, prolonged exposure to high P exacerbated the negative effects of salt stress in A. donax plants photosynthetic performances, but enhanced activation of physiological mechanisms that allowed a prompt and full recovery after stress.
Ključne besede: Arundo donax Phosphorus Salinity Stress tolerance Biomass production
Objavljeno v RUNG: 20.04.2020; Ogledov: 2847; Prenosov: 0
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Methyl halide emission estimates from domestic biomass burning in Africa
M Iqbal Mead, M Anwar H Khan, Iain R. White, Graham Nicless, Dudley E Shallcross, 2008, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: Inventories of methyl halide emissions from domestic burning of biomass in Africa, from 1950 to the present day and projected to 2030, have been constructed. By combining emission factors from Andreae and Merlet [2001. Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 15, 955-966], the biomass burning estimates from Yevich and Logan [2003. An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 17(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952] and the population data from the UN population division, the emission of methyl halides from domestic biomass usage in Africa has been estimated. Data from this study suggest that methyl halide emissions from domestic biomass burning have increased by a factor of 4-5 from 1950 to 2005 and based on the expected population growth could double over the next 25 years. This estimated change has a non-negligible impact on the atmospheric budgets of methyl halides.
Ključne besede: Africa, Biofuel, Domestic biomass burning, Emission factor, Methyl halide
Objavljeno v RUNG: 17.07.2019; Ogledov: 3163; Prenosov: 0
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6.
Biogas production from brewery spent grain as a mono-substrate in a two-stage process composed of solid-state anaerobic digestion and granular biomass reactors
Mario Panjicko, Gregor Drago Zupančič, Romana Marinšek-Logar, Lijana Fanedl, Marina Tišma, Bruno Zelić, 2017, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: Anaerobic digestion of brewery spent grain as a mono-substrate was studied. Brewery spent grain is a substrate consisting largely of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which are difficult to degrade anaerobically, mostly due to the presence of degradation products, such as phenolic compounds, which cause process inhibition. Therefore, a two-stage system was used for anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion was phase separated in a solid-state anaerobic digestion reactor, where microbiological hydrolysis and acidogenesis occurred and in a granular biomass reactor where mostly methanogenesis was performed. The overall process exhibited total solids degradation efficiency between 75.9 and 83.0 %. Average specific biogas production was 414±32 L/kg, whereas biomethane production was 224±34 L/kg of added total solids. Granular biomass after adaptation exhibited stable operation at substrate C/N ratios in range 0.16 – 4.68. p-cresol was present in concentrations up to 45 mg/L and during the process was successfully degraded by granular biomass. The excellent adaptability of granular biomass was confirmed by 68.2 % shift in bacterial and a 31.8 % shift in archaeal community structure in a granular biomass reactor. The structure of the bacterial community from granular biomass reactor and solid-state anaerobic digestion reactor remained 79.4 % similar at the end of the experiment, whereas archaeal community was only 31.6 % similar. The process exhibited stable operation for 198 days, which shows that brewery spent grain can be successfully anaerobically digested and used for biogas production.
Ključne besede: biogas production, brewery spent grain, C/N ratio, dry digestion, microbial biomass, solid-state anaerobic digestion
Objavljeno v RUNG: 18.08.2017; Ogledov: 4238; Prenosov: 0
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Anaerobic digestion of brewery spent grain as a mono-substrate in a two-stage anaerobic digestion using solid-state digestion reactor and granulated biomass reactor
Mario Panjicko, Gregor Drago Zupančič, Romana Marinšek Logar, Marina Tišma, Bruno Zelić, 2016, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci (vabljeno predavanje)

Opis: Anaerobic digestion of brewery spent grain as a mono-substrate was studied. Anaerobic digestion was phase separated in solid state anaerobic digestion reactor, where mostly microbiological hydrolysis and acidogenesis and granular biomass reactor where mostly methanogenesis was performed. The overall process exhibited total solids degradation efficiency between 73.6 and 80.4%. Average specific biogas production was 424±36 L/kg, whereas biomethane production was 230±34 L/kg of brewery spent grain total solids. Granular biomass after adaptation exhibited stabile operation at C-N ratios as low as 0.2 – 0.3, which is rare in anaerobic digestion. P-cresol as a degradation product was present in concentrations up to 45 mg/L and during the process successfully degraded. The excellent adaptability of the granular biomass is confirmed by 67% shift in bacterial and a 32% shift in archaeal community structure in granular biomass reactor after 198 days of successful operation.
Ključne besede: Anaerobic digestion, biogas production, brewery spent grain, microbial biomass, p-cresol degradation, solid state anaerobic digestion
Objavljeno v RUNG: 21.10.2016; Ogledov: 5612; Prenosov: 0
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