2211. Splošne in posamične smernice za strokovno področje sodnega tolmačenja in prevodov : opis področja delaViktorija Osolnik Kunc, Barbara Rovan, Barbara Pregelj, Lea Burjan, Tanja Dolar Božič, Alenka Kocbek, Špela Kutin, Jasmina Markič, Breda Negro-Marinič, Brina Zapušek, treatise, preliminary study, study Abstract: Cilj splošnih in posamičnih smernic je enotna navedba strukture, navodil in napotkov za sodno tolmačenje in smiselna uporaba četrtega odstavka 15. člena ZSICT (posamične smernice) o napotkih in navodilih za izdelavo pisnega prevoda, overitve in tehnike tolmačenja.
STROKOVNA MONOGRAFIJA (tipologije ni mogoče vnesti)!
Keywords: tolmačenje, pravni jezik, strokovni jezik, analiza diskurza, slovenščina, nemščina
Published in RUNG: 19.01.2021; Views: 2567; Downloads: 83
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2214. Diversity of bacteria and bacterial products as antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing drugs against pathogenic bacteriaFazlurrahman Khan, Sandra Oloketuyi, Young-Mog Kim, 2019, review article Abstract: The increase in antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches to inhibit biofilm formation as well as interfere quorum sensing (QS) signaling systems. The QS system is a phenomenon in which pathogenic bacteria produce signaling molecules that are involved in cell to cell communication, production of virulence factors, biofilm maturation, and several other functions. In the natural environment, several non-pathogenic bacteria are present as mixed population along with pathogenic bacteria and they control the behavior of microbial community by producing secondary metabolites. Similarly, non-pathogenic bacteria also take advantages of the QS signaling molecule as a sole carbon source for their growth through catabolism with enzymes. Several enzymes are produced by bacteria which disrupt the biofilm architecture by degrading the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as exopolysaccharide, extracellular- DNA and protein. Thus, the interference of QS system by bacterial metabolic products and enzymatic catalysis, modification of the QS signaling molecules as well as enzymatic disruption of biofilm architecture have been considered as the alternative therapeutic approaches. This review article elaborates on the diversity of different bacterial species with respect to their metabolic products as well as enzymes and their molecular modes of action. The bacterial enzymes and metabolic products will open new and promising perspectives for the development of strategies against the pathogenic bacterial infections.
Keywords: Bacteria, biofilm, quorum sensing, inhibition, metabolites, pathogen, virulence.
Published in RUNG: 18.01.2021; Views: 2496; Downloads: 0
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2216. Treatment strategies targeting persister cell formation in bacterial pathogensFazlurrahman Khan, Dung Pham, Nazia Tabassum, Sandra Oloketuyi, Young-Mog Kim, 2020, review article Abstract: Persister cells are transiently antibiotic-tolerant and dormant subpopulations that are produced to escape the effects of antibiotics within biofilms or planktonic cell populations. Persister cells are of high clinical importance due to their tolerance to antimicrobial agents and subsequent failure in antibiotic treatments. Understanding persister cell formation mechanisms is therefore highly important for developing effective therapeutic strategies against pathogenic bacterial persisters. Several anti-persister compounds have been previously identified via isolation from natural resources or chemical synthesis. Furthermore, a combination of these compounds with antibiotics or non-antibiotic drugs also allows action on multiple targets while reducing the administration frequency. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the clinical importance and formation mechanisms of persister cells as well as the current treatment strategies against persister cell formations in chronic infections.
Keywords: Biofilm, anti-persister agents, persister cells, pathogenic bacteria, chronic infections
Published in RUNG: 14.01.2021; Views: 2726; Downloads: 0
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2217. Molecules involved in motility regulation in Escherichia coli cells: a reviewFazlurrahman Khan, Nazia Tabassum, Dung :Pham, Sandra Oloketuyi, Young-Mog Kim, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: The initial colonization of the host organism by commensal, probiotic, and pathogenic Escherichia coli strains is an important step in the development of infections and biofilms. Sensing and colonization of host cell surfaces are governed by flagellar and fimbriae/pili appendages, respectively. Biofilm formation confers great advantages on pathogenic E. coli cells such as protection against the host immune system, antimicrobial agents, and several environmental stress factors. The transition from planktonic to sessile physiological states involves several signaling cascades and factors responsible for the regulation of flagellar motility in E. coli cells. These regulatory factors have thus become important targets to control pathogenicity. Hence, attenuation of flagellar motility is considered a potential therapy against pathogenic E. coli. The present review describes signaling pathways and proteins involved in direct or indirect regulation of flagellar motility. Furthermore, application strategies for antimotility natural or synthetic compounds are discussed also.
Keywords: Biofilm formation, Escherichia coli, inhibition, motility, pathogenesis
Published in RUNG: 14.01.2021; Views: 3728; Downloads: 0
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2218. Scientific Advancement in Contemporary Society: Interface between Technology, Law and ScienceAdetutu Aina-Pelemo, Ananya Patil, Paul Ejembi, Sandra Oloketuyi, Iseoluwa Aina, 2019, original scientific article Abstract: This article is premised on the relation of technology and applied sciences with law. The three subjects are not only interwoven but cannot be protected and regulated without the viable use of law. The unprecedented advancement ofscientific innovations has far-reaching implication in virtually all ramifications of human endeavour. Technology is an invention created using science, which needs to be sustained by prudent management and law. The research goal is to narrow down a middle ground where all these independent fields can meet and share a symbiotic relationship without stifling each other. The research seeks to ascertain the knowledge and perception of selected university students of Nigeria and India, about Science, Law and Technology. The authors adopted the doctrinal and empirical research methodology coupled with the use of cases and legislations as source of information. The research revealed that majority of the participants has knowledge about the co-existence and impact of Science, Technology and Law in the society. However, the attitude and perception of the participants constitute a fundamental influence on the degree to which technological orientations occur during learning process. Also, 85% of 200 participants agreed that there is need for frequent education and legislation as science and technology evolves in the society. Hence, this article recommends the implementation and frequent modifications of law to continually protect, encourage and ensure the societal sustainability of ethical standards.
Keywords: Advancement, Law, Relations, Science, Sustainability, Technology
Published in RUNG: 14.01.2021; Views: 2365; Downloads: 0
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2219. Chitosan and their derivatives: Antibiofilm drugs against pathogenic bacteriaFazlurrahman Khan, Dong Pham, Sandra Oloketuyi, Panchanathan Manivasagan, Junghwan Oh, Young-Mog Kim, 2020, review article Abstract: Biofilm formed by several pathogenic bacteria results in the development of resistance against antimicrobial compounds. The polymeric materials present in the biofilm architecture hinder the entry of antimicrobial compounds through the surface of bacterial cells which are embedded as well as enclosed beneath the biofilm matrix. Recent and past studies explored the alternative approaches to inhibit the formation of biofilm by different agents isolated from plants, animals, and microbes. Among these agents, chitosan and its derivatives have got more attention due to their properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-allergenic and non-toxicity. Recent researches have focused on employing chitosan and its derivatives as effective agents to inhibit biofilm formation and attenuate virulence properties by various pathogenic bacteria. Such antibiofilm activity of chitosan and its derivatives can be further enhanced by conjugation with a wide range of bioactive compounds. The present review describes the antibiofilm properties of chitosan and its derivatives against the pathogenic bacteria. This review also summarizes the mechanisms of biofilm inhibition exhibited by these molecules. The knowledge of the antibiofilm activities of chitosan and its derivatives as well as their underlying mechanisms provides essential insights for widening their applications in the future.
Keywords: Antibiofilm, Biofilm inhibition, Chitosan, Chitosan derivatives, Pathogenic bacteria
Published in RUNG: 14.01.2021; Views: 2426; Downloads: 0
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2220. Antimicrobial efficacy and phytochemical screening of Mushrooms, Lenzites betulinus, and Coriolopsis gallica extracts.Soji Fakoya, Sandra Oloketuyi, 2012, original scientific article Abstract: AIM: The spread of multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria makes it necessary to discover new classes of
antibacterial and compounds that inhibit these resistant mechanisms. Hence, this study was conducted to
evaluate the antimicrobial activities of Lenzites betulinus and Coriolopsis gallica extracts against some
bacterial isolates of medical importance.
METHOD: The organisms are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli. Using agar well diffusion assay, the ethanolic, petroleum ether
and aqueous extract of C. gallica was assayed against the bacterial isolates and the result showed that
Petroleum ether extract of C. gallica and L. betulinus was able to inhibit P. vulgaris with inhibition
zones of 26.0 mm and 20.0 mm respectively.
RESULTS: Ethanolic extract of C. gallica also inhibited P. vulgaris with inhibition zone of 22.0 mm
while aqueous extract and petroleum ether of L. betulinus inhibited P. aeruginosa with inhibition zones
of 20.0 mm and 23.0 mm respectively. E. coli and S. aureus were also inhibited by the aqueous and
ethanolic extract of L. betulinus with zones of inhibition 15.0 mm and 26.0 mm against E. coli while
19.0 mm and 22.0 mm against S. aureus respectively. This study also showed the presence of some
phytochemicals like tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, and saponin in the mushrooms with
antimicrobial effects against the bacterial isolates used.
CONCLUSION: The active components present in ethanolic, aqueous and petroleum ether extracts of
C. gallica include phenolics, flavonoids, and steroids while phytochemicals obtained from L. betulinus
are phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, and saponin respectively.
Keywords: Coriolopsis gallica, Lenzites betulinus, Antimicrobial, Phytochemicals, Bacterial İsolates
Published in RUNG: 14.01.2021; Views: 2155; Downloads: 0
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