1261. Is SARS CoV-2 a multifractal? : unveiling the fractality and fractal structureMohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, S. Sreejyothi, Vimal Raj, Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: A first report of unveiling the fractality and fractal nature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV-2)
responsible for the pandemic disease widely known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is presented. The fractal analysis of
the electron microscopic and atomic force microscopic images of 40 coronaviruses (CoV), by the normal and differential box-counting method, reveals its fractal structure. The generalised dimension indicates the multifractal nature of the CoV. The higher
value of fractal dimension and lower value of Hurst exponent (H) suggest higher complexity and greater roughness. The
statistical analysis of generalised dimension and H is understood through the notched box plot. The study on CoV clusters also
confirms its fractal nature. The scale-invariant value of the box-counting fractal dimension of CoV yields a value of 1.820. The study opens the possibility of exploring the potential of fractal analysis in the medical diagnosis of SARS CoV-2. Ključne besede: Fractality, SARS CoV, Coronavirus, Fractal dimension, Multifractal Objavljeno v RUNG: 30.06.2022; Ogledov: 1192; Prenosov: 0 Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
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1263. Weathering induced morphological modification on the thermal diffusivity of natural pyrrhotite : a thermal lens studyMohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, Vijayakumar Gokul, Vimal Raj, R. Manu Raj, S. N. Kumar, Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Natural pyrrhotites have gained significant attention due to
their interesting electronic, antimicrobial, and chemical
properties. The present work attempts to explore the
morphology-induced modifications in the thermal
characteristics of natural pyrrhotite due to ageing. The
morphological, elemental, structure, optical, and thermal
characterisations help in understanding the effect of
ageing. The effects of five years of ageing of the sample
are (i) Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic
analysis reveals a morphological transformation from flakes
to agglomerated powder, (ii) elemental analyses suggest
the ageing induced compositional modification (iii) the
Tauc plot analysis shows a bandgap energy modification
from 1.46 eV to 1.92 eV, (iv) X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier
Transform Infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic
studies affirm the formation of oxy-hydroxides (v) the XRD
data indicates an increase of dislocation density, and (vi)
Photoluminescence study shows a deep violet emission
evidenced through the CIE plot. The study by the thermal
lens technique shows a lowering of thermal diffusivity
study by 23%, due to the morphological modifications,
adsorbed/chemisorbed hydroxyl groups, and the formation
of secondary compounds due to oxidation and weathering.
The phonon boundary scattering, weathering induced
smaller grain size, reduced phonon mean free path, and
point defects also account for the lowering of the thermal
diffusivity value and thereby influencing its properties. Ključne besede: pyrrhotite, thermal diffusivity, thermal lens, ageing, morphology Objavljeno v RUNG: 30.06.2022; Ogledov: 1213; Prenosov: 6 Povezava na celotno besedilo Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
1264. Time series and fractal analyses of wheezing : a novel approachMohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, Ammini Renjini, Vimal Raj, S. Sreejyothi, Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Since the outbreak of the pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019, the world is in search of novel non-invasive methods for safer
and early detection of lung diseases. The pulmonary pathological symptoms refected through the lung sound opens a possibility of detection through auscultation and of employing spectral, fractal, nonlinear time series and principal component
analyses. Thirty-fve signals of vesicular and expiratory wheezing breath sound, subjected to spectral analyses shows a clear
distinction in terms of time duration, intensity, and the number of frequency components. An investigation of the dynamics
of air molecules during respiration using phase portrait, Lyapunov exponent, sample entropy, fractal dimension, and Hurst
exponent helps in understanding the degree of complexity arising due to the presence of mucus secretions and constrictions
in the respiratory airways. The feature extraction of the power spectral density data and the application of principal component analysis helps in distinguishing vesicular and expiratory wheezing and thereby, giving a ray of hope in accomplishing
an early detection of pulmonary diseases through sound signal analysis. Ključne besede: auscultation, wheeze, fractals, nonlinear time series analysis, sample entropy Objavljeno v RUNG: 30.06.2022; Ogledov: 1321; Prenosov: 0 Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
1265. Downscaling of sample entropy of nanofluids by carbon allotropes : a thermal lens studyMohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, Vimal Raj, S. Sreejyothi, K. Satheesh Kumar, Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The work reported in this paper is the first attempt to delineate the molecular or particle dynamics from the thermal lens signal of carbon allotropic nanofluids (CANs), employing time series and fractal analyses. The nanofluids of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene are prepared in base fluid, coconut oil, at low volume fraction and are subjected to thermal lens study. We have studied the thermal diffusivity and refractive index variations of the medium by analyzing the thermal lens (TL) signal. By segmenting the TL signal, the complex dynamics
involved during its evolution is investigated through the phase portrait, fractal dimension, Hurst exponent, and sample entropy using time series and fractal analyses. The study also explains how the increase of the photothermal energy turns a system into stochastic and anti-persistent. The sample entropy (S) and refractive index analyses of the TL signal by segmenting into five regions reveal the evolution of S with the increase of enthalpy. The lowering of S in CAN along with its thermal diffusivity (50%–57% below) as a result of heat-trapping suggests
the technique of downscaling sample entropy of the base fluid using carbon allotropes and thereby opening a novel method of improving the efficiency of thermal systems. Ključne besede: carbon allotropic nanofluids, time series, entropy, MWCNT, thermal lens signal Objavljeno v RUNG: 30.06.2022; Ogledov: 1325; Prenosov: 0 Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
1266. Soot effected sample entropy minimization in nanofluid for thermal system design : a thermal lens studyMohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, Vimal Raj, K. Satheesh Kumar, Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The present work suggests a method of improving the thermal system efficiency, through entropy minimisation,
and unveils the mechanism involved by analysing the molecular/particle dynamics in soot nanofluids (SNFs)
using the time series, power spectrum, and wavelet analyses of the thermal lens signal (TLS). The photothermal
energy deposition in the SNF lowers the refractive index due to the temperature rise. It triggers the particle dynamics that are investigated by segmenting the TLS and analysing the refractive index, phase portrait, fractal dimension (D), Hurst exponent (H), and sample entropy (SampEn). The wavelet analysis gives information about
the relation between the entropy and the frequency components. When the phase portrait analysis reflects the
complex dynamics from region 1 to 2 for all the samples, the SampEn analysis supports it. The decreasing
value of D (from 1.59 of the base fluid to 1.55 and 1.52) and the SampEn (from 1.11 of the base fluid to 0.385
and 0.699) with the incorporation of diesel and camphor soot, indicate its ability to lower the complexity, randomness, and entropy. The increase of SampEn with photothermal energy deposition suggests its relation to
the thermodynamic entropy (S). The lowering of thermal diffusivity value of the base fluid from
1.4 × 10−7 m2/s to 1.1 × 10−7 and 0.5 × 10−7 m2
/s upon diesel and camphor soot incorporation suggests the
heat-trapping and reduced molecular dynamics in heat dissipation. Ključne besede: soot, entropy, thermal system, photothermal, time series, nanofluid, fractal Objavljeno v RUNG: 30.06.2022; Ogledov: 1226; Prenosov: 0 Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
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1268. |
1269. A dual-wavelength photothermal aerosol absorption monitor : design, calibration and performanceLuka Drinovec, Uroš Jagodič, Luka Pirker, Miha Škarabot, Mario Kurtjak, Kristijan Vidović, Luca Ferrero, Bradley Visser, Jannis Röhrbein, Ernest Weingartner, Daniel M. Kalbermatter, Konstantina Vasilatou, Griša Močnik, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: There exists a lack of aerosol absorption measurement techniques with low uncertainties and without artefacts. We have developed the two-wavelength Photothermal Aerosol Absorption Monitor (PTAAM-2λ), which measures the aerosol absorption coefficient at 532 and 1064 nm. Here we describe its design, calibration and mode of operation and evaluate its applicability, limits and uncertainties. The 532 nm channel was calibrated with ∼ 1 µmol mol−1 NO2, whereas the 1064 nm channel was calibrated using measured size distribution spectra of nigrosin particles and a Mie calculation. Since the aerosolized nigrosin used for calibration was dry, we determined the imaginary part of the refractive index of nigrosin from the absorbance measurements on solid thin film samples. The obtained refractive index differed considerably from the one determined using aqueous nigrosin solution. PTAAM-2λ has no scattering artefact and features very low uncertainties: 4 % and 6 % for the absorption coefficient at 532 and 1064 nm, respectively, and 9 % for the absorption Ångström exponent. The artefact-free nature of the measurement method allowed us to investigate the artefacts of filter photometers. Both the Aethalometer AE33 and CLAP suffer from cross-sensitivity to scattering – this scattering artefact is most pronounced for particles smaller than 70 nm. We observed a strong dependence of the filter multiple scattering parameter on the particle size in the 100–500 nm range. The results from the winter ambient campaign in Ljubljana showed similar multiple scattering parameter values for ambient aerosols and laboratory experiments. The spectral dependence of this parameter resulted in AE33 reporting the absorption Ångström exponent for different soot samples with values biased 0.23–0.35 higher than the PTAAM-2λ measurement. Photothermal interferometry is a promising method for reference aerosol absorption measurements. Ključne besede: aerosol absorption, calibration, black carbon Objavljeno v RUNG: 28.06.2022; Ogledov: 1260; Prenosov: 25 Povezava na celotno besedilo Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
1270. Nonlinear time series and principal component analyses: Potential diagnostic tools for COVID-19 auscultationMohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna, RAJ VIMAL, RENJINI A, SREEJYOTHI S, SANKARARMAN S, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The development of novel digital auscultation techniques has become highly significant in the context
of the outburst of the pandemic COVID 19. The present work reports the spectral, nonlinear time series,
fractal, and complexity analysis of vesicular (VB) and bronchial (BB) breath signals. The analysis is carried
out with 37 breath sound signals. The spectral analysis brings out the signatures of VB and BB through
the power spectral density plot and wavelet scalogram. The dynamics of airflow through the respiratory tract during VB and BB are investigated using the nonlinear time series and complexity analyses in
terms of the phase portrait, fractal dimension, Hurst exponent, and sample entropy. The higher degree
of chaoticity in BB relative to VB is unwrapped through the maximal Lyapunov exponent. The principal
component analysis helps in classifying VB and BB sound signals through the feature extraction from the
power spectral density data. The method proposed in the present work is simple, cost-effective, and sensitive, with a far-reaching potential of addressing and diagnosing the current issue of COVID 19 through
lung auscultation. Ključne besede: Breath sound analysis, Fractal dimension, Nonlinear time series analysis, Sample entropy, Hurst exponent, Principal component analysis Objavljeno v RUNG: 28.06.2022; Ogledov: 1575; Prenosov: 0 Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |