1691. Characterization of non-refractory (NR) PM[sub]1 and source apportionment of organic aerosol in Kraków, PolandAnna Tobler, Alicja Skiba, Francesco Canonaco, Griša Močnik, Pragati Rai, Gang Chen, Jakub Bartyzel, Miroslaw Zimnoch, Katarzyna Styszko, Jaroslaw Nęcki, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Kraków is routinely affected by very high air pollution levels, especially during the winter months. Although a lot of effort has been made to characterize ambient aerosol, there is a lack of online and long-term measurements of non-refractory aerosol. Our measurements at the AGH University of Science and Technology provide the online long-term chemical composition of ambient submicron particulate matter (PM1) between January 2018 and April 2019. Here we report the chemical characterization of non-refractory submicron aerosol and source apportionment of the organic fraction by positive matrix factorization (PMF). In contrast to other long-term source apportionment studies, we let a small PMF window roll over the dataset instead of performing PMF over the full dataset or on separate seasons. In this way, the seasonal variation in the source profiles can be captured. The uncertainties in the PMF solutions are addressed by the bootstrap resampling strategy and the random a-value approach for constrained factors.
We observe clear seasonal patterns in the concentration and composition of PM1, with high concentrations during the winter months and lower concentrations during the summer months. Organics are the dominant species throughout the campaign. Five organic aerosol (OA) factors are resolved, of which three are of a primary nature (hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA) and coal combustion OA (CCOA)) and two are of a secondary nature (more oxidized oxygenated OA (MO-OOA) and less oxidized oxygenated OA (LO-OOA)). While HOA contributes on average 8.6 % ± 2.3 % throughout the campaign, the solid-fuel-combustion-related BBOA and CCOA show a clear seasonal trend with average contributions of 10.4 % ± 2.7 % and 14.1 %, ±2.1 %, respectively. Not only BBOA but also CCOA is associated with residential heating because of the pronounced yearly cycle where the highest contributions are observed during wintertime. Throughout the campaign, the OOA can be separated into MO-OOA and LO-OOA with average contributions of 38.4 % ± 8.4 % and 28.5 % ± 11.2 %, respectively.
Ključne besede: air pollution, PM1, organic aerosol, black carbon, source apportionment, PMF
Objavljeno v RUNG: 08.10.2021; Ogledov: 1969; Prenosov: 0
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1696. Kanarski otoki v plamenihUroš Slak, Samo Stanič, Natalija Švab, radijski ali tv dogodek Opis: Intervju o izbruhu ognjenika Cumbre Vieja na La Palmi, Kanarski otoki, Španjia, ter o raziskavah v okviru projekta Polje Čerenkovih teleskopov (CTA), ki potekajo na observatoriju Roque de los Muchachos.
Ključne besede: ognjenik, izbruh, astrofizika, gama žarki visokih energij, atmosfera, lidar
Objavljeno v RUNG: 04.10.2021; Ogledov: 2205; Prenosov: 0
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1698. Pregled, analiza in predlog alternativne oskrbe z energijo - LDC Letališka : Logistično Distribucijski Center Mercator LjubljanaHenrik Gjerkeš, 2021, elaborat, predštudija, študija Opis: Osnovna varianta temelji na podatkih, dimenzijah in ocenah v že izdelani projektni dokumentaciji, razen v tistih delih, kjer smo lahko podali natančnejše ocene na osnovi namensko pridobljenih podatkov in ocen v času izdelave te analize od dobavitelja toplotne energije Energetika Ljubljana, Statističnega urada RS in renomiranega slovenskega proizvajalca in projektanta sistemov na osnovi vrhunskih toplotnih črpalk Kronoterm.
V predlagani varianti 1 se ogrevanje prostorov izvede s toplotnimi črpalkami voda/voda in priklop na sistem daljinskega ogrevanja v določenem obsegu. Hlajenje prostorov je izvedeno z istimi toplotnimi črpalkami voda/voda, ta varianta pa omogoča tudi pasivno hlajenje s podtalnico.
Varianta 1 poleg okoljskih (gretje in hlajenje prostorov LDC Mercator z 68,5 % obnovljivih virov energije) kaže tudi izrazite ekonomske prednosti pred osnovno varianto:
• za 280.000 EUR ali za 47 % nižja investicija;
• za 76.504 EUR ali za 54 % nižji letni vseživljenjski stroški;
• v 15 letih 1.469.270 EUR prihranka pri oskrbi z energijo.
Posebej opozarjamo na dvigovanje cene EU-ETS emisijskih kuponov, ki bodo glede na napovedi tudi v bodoče imeli pomembnejši vpliv na ceno toplote iz sistema daljinskega ogrevanja Energetika Ljubljana.
Investicija v sončno elektrarno izboljša finančni tok oskrbe z energijo LDC Mercator v vseh variantah in kljub visoki investiciji v 15 letih investitorju prinese občutne finančne koristi ter dvigne delež obnovljivih virov na 76,9 %.
Prodaja odpadne toplote izboljša finančno bilanco oskrbe z energijo LDC Mercator, vendar zahteva dodatno investicijo in je občutljiva na odkupno ceno odpadne toplote. Rast cene emisijskih kuponov kljub vsemu daje nezanemarljivi potencial tej varianti in je po preliminarnih informacijah zanimiva za Energetiko Ljubljana, še posebej v kombinaciji z aktualnim razpisom Norveškega mehanizma, ki izkoriščanja podtalnice uvršča med upravičene namene.
Analiza občutljivosti pokaže, da ima zvišanje cene toplote iz SDO ali električne energije manjši vpliv na predlagano varianto 1 v vseh kombinacijah, kot na osnovno varianto. Pri variantah s sončno elektrarno je NSV bolj občutljiva na višino investicije, vendar podražitev električne energije pri vseh variantah prinese zmanjšanje vseživljenjskih stroškov. Zvišanje cene toplote iz SDO ima zanemarljiv vpliv na vseživljenjske stroške predlagane variante 1, kar zmanjšuje tveganje zvišanja stroškov za ogrevanje zaradi nepredvidljive, a hitro naraščajoče cene emisijskih kuponov, ki jih z administrativnimi ukrepi ne moremo kompenzirati.
Visok delež obnovljivih virov energije pri predlagani varianti 1 v vseh oblikah omogoča, da na ne-administrativen način LDC Mercator izpolni standarde skoraj nič-energijskih stavb (sNES) in s tem stopi med vodilne primere dobre prakse trajnostne gradnje.
Ključne besede: oskrba z energijo, trajnostna energija, Mercator
Objavljeno v RUNG: 04.10.2021; Ogledov: 1740; Prenosov: 0
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1700. Apstraktni dinamički ambijent Avgusta Černigoja i tršćanske konstruktivističke grupeKristina Pranjić, 2021, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: The article presents the Trieste Constructivist Cabinet (1927) by Slovenian
avant-gardist Avgust Černigoj and his Constructivist group, as one of the significant
events in the context of abstract artistic ambient of historical avant-garde. El
Lissitzky’s Proun is pointed out as the greatest influence on this artwork, while at the
same time presenting the thesis of its original contribution, in the sense of dynamization
of the cabinet using Stepančič’s levitation constructions. The kinetic potential
of these hanging constructions draws the visitor into a two-way communication, a
permanent feedback loop. It is this continuum, the duration i.e. process nature that
such an installation allowed, i.e. produces, that is placed in the forefront, alongside
space and motion.
In addition to this pinnacle of Slovenian avant-garde being placed in the context
of European historical avant-garde, the work of the Slovenian constructivists is also
contextualized within the framework of the Yugoslav avant-garde movements. Special
attention is paid to the Tank magazine (1927), which started being published in
Ljubljana after the ban on the publication of Zenit in 1926, in an attempt to maintain
continuity in the publication of Yugoslav avant-garde periodicals. It is a known
fact that Černigoj’s avant-garde art was based on constructivist principles, while the
article also points out his concurrent use of subversive Dadaist principles: the process
of destruction of old meanings using methods of isolation and relocation of
artistic material, in the sense of ready made or objet trouvé; similarly, desemantization
is carried out in the linguistic material (“g”, “jublj”); use of mass produced materials
(fragments of slogans that the artist transposes into artistic rhetoric); the performative
nature of the entire event / exhibition. Also presented are the close ties between
Slovenian constructivism and Micić’s Zenitism and Dragan Aleksić’s Dadaism, as
well as the shift in the sense of forming an original program and establishing an own
avant-garde formation, whose most important and most representative work is precisely
the Trieste Constructivist Cabinet, which represents a characteristic synthesis of
the Yugoslav and the European avant-garde tendencies at the time.
Ključne besede: Avgust Černigoj, slovenski konstruktivizem, Tržaški konstruktivistični ambient, revija Tank, El Lissitzky, Edvard Stepančič, instalacija v umetnosti, abstraktni ambient, zenitizem, dadaizem
Objavljeno v RUNG: 04.10.2021; Ogledov: 1801; Prenosov: 0
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