2321. Monitoring of chemical processes at the atomic level by X-ray absorption spectrometry using extremely bright synchrotron radiation sourcesIztok Arčon, vabljeno predavanje na konferenci brez natisa Opis: X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful tool for characterisation of local structure and chemical state of selected elements in different new functional materials and biological or environmental samples. The XAS spectroscopy is based on extremely bright synchrotron radiation X-rays sources, which allow precise characterisation of bulk, nanostructured or highly diluted samples. The rapid development of extremely bright synchrotron sources of X-ray and ultraviolet light in recent years has opened new possibilities for research of matter at the atomic or molecular level, indispensable in the development of new functional nanostructured materials with desired properties. The lecture will present the possibilities offered by X-ray absorption spectroscopy with synchrotron light for ex-situ and in-situ or operando characterization of various functional porous and other nanomaterials before, after and during their operation. With the operando micro-XANES and EXAFS methods it is possible to track changes in the valence states and local structures of selected elements in different energy storage materials or in various (photo)catalysts, during chemical reactions under controlled reaction conditions, thus gaining insight into the dynamic functional properties and reaction mechanisms of these materials. New synchrotron light sources also opened the possibility of combining X-ray absorption or emission spectroscopy and microscopy with a resolution of up to a few tens of nanometres, crucial for analysis of environmental and biological samples on sub-cellular level, to understand the mechanisms of uptake, transport, accumulation, and complexation of metal cations on subcellular level in various plant tissues or accumulation in environment, to develop effective remediation approaches.
Ključne besede: X-ray absorption spectroscopy, EXAFS, XANES, synchrotron radiation sources, operando
Objavljeno v RUNG: 15.12.2021; Ogledov: 3684; Prenosov: 0
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2327. Prosody and information status in Italian and German L2 intonationCinzia Avesani, Giuliano Bocci, Mario Vayra, 2015, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: In this work, we address the systemic difference in the prosodic strategies of accentuation at the utterance level of Italian and German, belonging respectively to Romance and Germanic languages. In particular, we address the Interlanguage properties of the speech produced by adult Second Language Learners of the two languages analyzing their production in semi-spontaneous elicitation contexts.
We focus on the acquisition of the interplay of phonological and discourse structure occurring in German causing Given Information to be prosodically deaccented, because already cognitively activated in the mind of the interlocutor. The Deaccentuation contour is prosodically realized as a flat low pitch contour and is pragmatically assigned in Germanic languages to a non-focused element, even in positions that metrically would require the positioning of a Nuclear Pitch Accent. This strategy is not reported in Italian, causing referents that align to the position of the prosodic metrical head to be standardly pitch-accented. Deaccentuation, is hard to acquire and subject to prosodic transfer when produced by L2 learners native speakers of Italian, especially when aligning with the metrical head requiring accentuation. Italian L2 speakers of German show to accent Given referents because adopting the Italian accentuation strategy, while German L2 speakers of Italian seem to accommodate more easily the accentuation pattern in L2. We provide a possible explanation in light of the Differential Markedness Hypothesis that considers the number of parameters to be acquired by the L2 speakers.
Ključne besede: pitch accents, deaccentuation, German, Italian, discourse structure, L2 acquisition, prosody
Objavljeno v RUNG: 14.12.2021; Ogledov: 3401; Prenosov: 0
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2328. The mapping between prosody and information structure in German and in Italian L2 learners : who tranfers what?Cinzia Avesani, Giuliano Bocci, Mario Vayra, Alessandra Zappoli, 2013, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Ključne besede: prosody, information status, german, italian, L2 acquisition, Deaccentuation
Objavljeno v RUNG: 14.12.2021; Ogledov: 3026; Prenosov: 46
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