61. Carbon and Nitrogen K-Edge NEXAFS Spectra of Indole, 2,3-Dihydro-7-azaindole, and 3-FormylindoleAurora Ponzi, Elisa Bernes, Daniele Toffoli, Giovanna Fronzoni, Carlo Callegari, Alessandra Ciavardini, Michele Di Fraia, Robert Richter, Kevin Charles Prince, Hanan Sa'adeh, Michele Devetta, Davide Faccialà, Caterina Vozzi, Lorenzo Avaldi, Paola Bolognesi, Mattea Castrovilli, Daniele Catone, Marcello Coreno, Oksana Plekan, 2021, original scientific article Keywords: Carbon and nitrogen, General description, Hybrid functional, Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectrum, Relevant features, Rydberg character, Theoretical spectra, Time dependent density functional theory
Published in RUNG: 19.01.2022; Views: 1865; Downloads: 0
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62. Contribution of coal combustion to black carbon : coupling tracers with the aethalometer modelC. Blanco-Alegre, Paulo Fialho, A. I. Calvo, A. Castro, E. Coz, F. Oduber, A. S. H. Prevot, Griša Močnik, C. Alves, F. Giardi, G. Pazzi, R. Fraile, 2022, original scientific article Keywords: absorption coefficient, coal-mining, equivalent black carbon, meteorological variables, seasonal pattern
Published in RUNG: 03.01.2022; Views: 1659; Downloads: 0
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63. The determination of source-separated black carbon emission rates using radon as a tracer of atmospheric dynamicsAsta Gregorič, Luka Drinovec, Janja Vaupotič, Irena Ježek, Matic Ivančič, Janja Turšič, Griša Močnik, 2021, published scientific conference contribution abstract Keywords: black carbon, emission rate, aethalometer, radon
Published in RUNG: 17.11.2021; Views: 1915; Downloads: 42
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64. Camp Fire 2018: Highly time-resolved study of eOC, eBC and BrC aerosols by the TC-BC (total carbon–black carbon) methodMatic Ivančič, Gašper Lavrič, Asta Gregorič, Balint Alfoldy, Irena Ježek, Jack Connor, Charity Garland, Jonathan P. Bower, Martin Rigler, 2021, published scientific conference contribution abstract Keywords: total carbon, black carbon, brown carbon
Published in RUNG: 17.11.2021; Views: 1905; Downloads: 51
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66. Variability of black carbon aerosol concentrations and sources at a Mediterranean coastal regionAndrea Milinković, Asta Gregorič, Vedrana Džaja Grgičin, Sonja Vidić, Abra Penezić, Ana Cvitešić Kušan, Saranda Bakija Alempijević, Anne Kasper Giebl, Sanja Frka, 2021, original scientific article Keywords: Aethalometer, Adriatic sea, Black carbon, Source apportionment, Levoglucosan, LOTOS-EURO
Published in RUNG: 17.11.2021; Views: 1825; Downloads: 8
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67. Whole-life carbon emissions benchmarks for buildings in SloveniaMarjana Šijanec-Zavrl, Henrik Gjerkeš, 2021, short scientific article Abstract: According to the European Green Deal decarbonisation of EU building stock is needed on the way to turning EU into the first climate neutral continent by 2050. Directive (2010/31/EU) EPBD led to significant reduction of operational energy in new buildings and renovation. By energy efficiency first principle and by increasing renewable energy sources it contributed to reduction of primary energy and operational CO2 emissions. But the orientation towards lifecycle thinking and circularity in the building sector revealed the need to tackle the whole-life carbon emissions, where the operational and embodied carbon contribute significantly. In the absence of benchmarks for embodied carbon emissions in this contribution the operational and embodied carbon indicators from recent studies are compared with the available corresponding data in Slovenian energy performance certificates.
Keywords: carbon emissions, life cycle assessment, buildings
Published in RUNG: 29.10.2021; Views: 1840; Downloads: 0
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68. Characterization of non-refractory (NR) PM[sub]1 and source apportionment of organic aerosol in Kraków, PolandAnna Tobler, Alicja Skiba, Francesco Canonaco, Griša Močnik, Pragati Rai, Gang Chen, Jakub Bartyzel, Miroslaw Zimnoch, Katarzyna Styszko, Jaroslaw Nęcki, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Kraków is routinely affected by very high air pollution levels, especially during the winter months. Although a lot of effort has been made to characterize ambient aerosol, there is a lack of online and long-term measurements of non-refractory aerosol. Our measurements at the AGH University of Science and Technology provide the online long-term chemical composition of ambient submicron particulate matter (PM1) between January 2018 and April 2019. Here we report the chemical characterization of non-refractory submicron aerosol and source apportionment of the organic fraction by positive matrix factorization (PMF). In contrast to other long-term source apportionment studies, we let a small PMF window roll over the dataset instead of performing PMF over the full dataset or on separate seasons. In this way, the seasonal variation in the source profiles can be captured. The uncertainties in the PMF solutions are addressed by the bootstrap resampling strategy and the random a-value approach for constrained factors.
We observe clear seasonal patterns in the concentration and composition of PM1, with high concentrations during the winter months and lower concentrations during the summer months. Organics are the dominant species throughout the campaign. Five organic aerosol (OA) factors are resolved, of which three are of a primary nature (hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA) and coal combustion OA (CCOA)) and two are of a secondary nature (more oxidized oxygenated OA (MO-OOA) and less oxidized oxygenated OA (LO-OOA)). While HOA contributes on average 8.6 % ± 2.3 % throughout the campaign, the solid-fuel-combustion-related BBOA and CCOA show a clear seasonal trend with average contributions of 10.4 % ± 2.7 % and 14.1 %, ±2.1 %, respectively. Not only BBOA but also CCOA is associated with residential heating because of the pronounced yearly cycle where the highest contributions are observed during wintertime. Throughout the campaign, the OOA can be separated into MO-OOA and LO-OOA with average contributions of 38.4 % ± 8.4 % and 28.5 % ± 11.2 %, respectively.
Keywords: air pollution, PM1, organic aerosol, black carbon, source apportionment, PMF
Published in RUNG: 08.10.2021; Views: 1942; Downloads: 0
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69. Determination of the multiple-scattering correction factor and its cross-sensitivity to scattering and wavelength dependence for different AE33 Aethalometer filter tapes : a multi-instrumental approachJesús Yus-Díez, Vera Bernardoni, Griša Močnik, Andrés Alastuey, Davide Ciniglia, Matic Ivančič, Xavier Querol, Noemí Perez, Cristina Reche, Martin Rigler, Roberta Vecchi, Sara Valentini, Marco Pandolfi, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Providing reliable observations of aerosol particles' absorption properties at spatial and temporal resolutions suited to climate models is of utter importance to better understand the effects that atmospheric particles have on climate. Nowadays, one of the instruments most widely used in international monitoring networks for in situ surface measurements of light absorption properties of atmospheric aerosol particles is the multi-wavelength dual-spot Aethalometer, AE33. The AE33 derives the absorption coefficients of aerosol particles at seven different wavelengths from the measurements of the optical attenuation of light through a filter where particles are continuously collected. An accurate determination of the absorption coefficients from the AE33 instrument relies on the quantification of the non-linear processes related to the sample collection on the filter. The multiple-scattering correction factor (C), which depends on the filter tape used and on the optical properties of the collected particles, is the parameter with both the greatest uncertainty and the greatest impact on the absorption coefficients derived from the AE33 measurements.
Here we present an in-depth analysis of the AE33 multiple-scattering correction factor C and its wavelength dependence for two different and widely used filter tapes, namely the old, and most referenced, TFE-coated glass, or M8020, filter tape and the currently, and most widely used, M8060 filter tape. For performing this analysis, we compared the attenuation measurements from AE33 with the absorption coefficients measured with different filter-based techniques. On-line co-located multi-angle absorption photometer (MAAP) measurements and off-line PP_UniMI polar photometer measurements were employed as reference absorption measurements for this work. To this aim, we used data from three different measurement stations located in the north-east of Spain, namely an urban background station (Barcelona, BCN), a regional background station (Montseny, MSY) and a mountaintop station (Montsec d'Ares, MSA). The median C values (at 637 nm) measured at the three stations ranged between 2.29 (at BCN and MSY, lowest 5th percentile of 1.97 and highest 95th percentile of 2.68) and 2.51 (at MSA, lowest 5th percentile of 2.06 and highest 95th percentile of 3.06). The analysis of the cross-sensitivity to scattering, for the two filter tapes considered here, revealed a large increase in the C factor when the single-scattering albedo (SSA) of the collected particles was above a given threshold, up to a 3-fold increase above the average C values. The SSA threshold appeared to be site dependent and ranged between 0.90 to 0.95 for the stations considered in the study. The results of the cross-sensitivity to scattering displayed a fitted constant multiple-scattering parameter, Cf, of 2.21 and 1.96, and a cross-sensitivity factor, ms, of 1.8 % and 3.4 % for the MSY and MSA stations, respectively, for the TFE-coated glass filter tape. For the M8060 filter tape, Cf values of 2.50, 1.96 and 1.82 and ms values of 1.6 %, 3.0 % and 4.9 % for the BCN, MSY and MSA stations, respectively, were obtained. SSA variations also influenced the spectral dependence of C, which showed an increase with wavelength when SSA was above the site-dependent threshold. Below the SSA threshold, no statistically significant dependence of C on the wavelength was observed. For the measurement stations considered here, the wavelength dependence of C was to some extent driven by the presence of dust particles during Saharan dust outbreaks that had the potential to increase the SSA above the average values. At the mountaintop station, an omission of the wavelength dependence of the C factor led to an underestimation of the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) by up to 12 %. Differences in the absorption coefficient determined from AE33 measurements at BCN, MSY and MSA of around 35 %–40 % can be expected when using the site-dependent experimentally obtained C value instead of the nominal C value. Due to the fundamental role that the SSA of the particles collected on the filter tape has in the multiple-scattering parameter C, we present a methodology that allows the recognition of the conditions upon which the use of a constant and wavelength-independent C is feasible.
Keywords: black carbon, aerosol absorption, filter photometer, artifact
Published in RUNG: 01.10.2021; Views: 1986; Downloads: 0
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70. Atmospheric concentrations and emission ratios of black carbon and nitrogen oxides in the Arabian/Persian Gulf regionBálint Alföldy, Mohamed M. Mahfouz, Asta Gregorič, Matic Ivančič, Irena Ježek, Martin Rigler, 2021, original scientific article Keywords: black carbon, nitrogen oxides, emission ratio, Arabian Gulf region
Published in RUNG: 08.07.2021; Views: 2317; Downloads: 0
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