| Title: | Combined fit of spectrum and composition for FR0 radio-galaxy-emitted ultra–high energy cosmic rays with resulting secondary photons and neutrinos |
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| Authors: | ID Lundquist, Jon Paul (Author)
ID Vorobiov, Serguei (Author)
ID Merten, Lukas (Author)
ID Reimer, Anita (Author)
ID Boughelilba, Margot (Author)
ID Da Vela, Paolo (Author)
ID Tavecchio, Fabrizio (Author)
ID Bonnoli, Giacomo (Author)
ID Righi, Chiara (Author) |
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| Files: |  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8cd7
 Lundquist_2025_ApJ_978_20.pdf (4,14 MB)
MD5: 37B3194231B632D263932F9F253950D4
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8cd7
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| Language: | English |
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| Work type: | Unknown |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: | UNG - University of Nova Gorica
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| Abstract: | This study comprehensively investigates the gamma-ray dim population of Fanaroff–Riley
Type 0 (FR0) radio galaxies as potentially significant sources of ultra–high energy cosmic rays
(UHECRs, E > 10[sup]18 eV) detected on Earth. While individual FR0 luminosities are relatively
low compared to the more powerful Fanaroff–Riley Type 1 and Type 2 galaxies, FR0s are
substantially more prevalent in the local universe, outnumbering the more energetic galaxies
by a factor of ∼5 within a redshift of z ≤ 0.05. Employing CRPropa3 simulations, we estimate
the mass composition and energy spectra of UHECRs originating from FR0 galaxies for energies
above 10[sup]18.6 eV. This estimation fits data from the Pierre Auger Observatory (Auger)
using three extensive air shower models; both constant and energy-dependent observed
elemental fractions are considered. The simulation integrates an approximately isotropic
distribution of FR0 galaxies, extrapolated from observed characteristics, with UHECR
propagation in the intergalactic medium, incorporating various plausible configurations of
extragalactic magnetic fields, both random and structured. We then compare the resulting
emission spectral indices, rigidity cutoffs, and elemental fractions with recent Auger results.
In total, 25 combined energy-spectrum and mass-composition fits are considered. Beyond
the cosmic-ray fluxes emitted by FR0 galaxies, this study predicts the secondary photon and
neutrino fluxes from UHECR interactions with intergalactic cosmic photon backgrounds.
The multimessenger approach, encompassing observational data and theoretical models,
helps elucidate the contribution of low-luminosity FR0 radio galaxies to the total cosmic-ray
energy density. |
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| Keywords: | ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, UHECRs, UHECR energy spectrum, Pierre Auger Observatory, UHECR mass composition, UHECR sources, extragalactic magnetic fields, UHECR propagation, CRPropa tool |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Publication date: | 20.12.2024 |
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| Year of publishing: | 2025 |
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| Number of pages: | str. 1-20 |
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| Numbering: | Vol. 978, no. 1, [article no.] 20 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/RUNG-9598  |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 221024771 |
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| UDC: | 52 |
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| ISSN on article: | 1538-4357 |
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| DOI: | 10.3847/1538-4357/ad8cd7 |
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| NUK URN: | URN:SI:UNG:REP:EDUK0NDX |
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| Publication date in RUNG: | 06.01.2025 |
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| Views: | 270 |
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| Downloads: | 6 |
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