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Opis: Modern wide-field-of-view and all-sky satellites (e.g. Gaia) and ground based surveys (e.g. OGLE) repeatedly cover a large part of the sky and are detecting new, transient astrophysical sources on daily basis. In this thesis I analyzed the data from Gaia and OGLE transient surveys, with special focus on transients located near the centres of galaxies to detect possible Tidal Disruption Events. These occur when a star gets too close to a Super-Massive Black Hole, which lurks in the centres of most galaxies, and gets disrupted due to the black hole's gravitational tidal forces. The goal of my research was to detect possible Tidal Disruption Events and eliminate false candidates, such as supernovae. The work involved daily inspection of new alerts, identified with Gaia and OGLE Transient Detection System. I searched for potential transients in galactic nuclei and in case there was such a transient detected, follow-up spectroscopic observations were initiated in order to help classify the object. During the course of my work I analyzed spectra obtained with the largest telescopes in the world (SALT, VLT) and performed the spectral template matching, recognition of spectral features related to known classes of transients, determination of redshift etc.
Ključne besede: Flares, transients, Gaia, OGLE, supernovae, tidal disruption events, nuclear transients
Objavljeno: 14.05.2019; Ogledov: 1679; Prenosov: 67
Polno besedilo (8,11 MB)

Opis: In this work, three surfaces, namely, Mg(0001), Mg(10 ̄1 0) and Mg(11 ̄2 0) are investigated by means of Density Functional Theory and Generalized Gradient Approximation first-principle calculations. The surfaces have been characterized in terms of their interlayer distances, surface energies, Projected Density of States and Surface Core Level Shifts. Contrary to what was found in previous studies based on Density Functional Theory-Local Density Approximation, the use of Generalized Gradient Approximation exchange correlation functional unravels the oscillatory behavior of both interlayer distances and Surface Core Level Shifts of Mg(10 ̄1 0). Moreover, the Projected Density Of States of un-reconstructed Mg(11 ̄2 0) exhibit the typical quantisation of electronic levels associated to a 2D-confinement of a 3D nearly-free electron gas, as observed in nano-wires, and a Peierls instability along the unconfined direction. Different possible reconstructions on Mg(11 ̄2 0) have then been investigated. In particular, it is found that the surface energy of (2X1) and (3X1) reconstructions is almost degenerate and lower than the surface energy of the unreconstructed Mg(11 ̄2 0) surface. Because of the quasi-degeneracy of surface energies, Mg(11 ̄2 0) surface should be composed by a combination of all the quasi degenerate phases.
Ključne besede: Density Functional Theory, first-principle calculations, Mg surface, Surface Core-Level Shift, surface relaxation, surface reconstruction
Objavljeno: 04.07.2017; Ogledov: 3618; Prenosov: 1998
Polno besedilo (1,77 MB)

Opis: Throughout the history human race depended on weather, so one of the priorities for its survival was to understand weather patterns and to be able to forecast weather. With the development of powerful computers, atmospheric numerical methods and precision instruments for atmospheric monitoring, it is possible to predict weather with greater accuracy and for a longer period of time ahead. At the same time, we are able to gain improved understanding of physical processes that occur in the atmosphere and represent one of most important features in our world. This diploma thesis focuses on the lowest part of the atmosphere - troposphere only, as all weather occurs in the troposphere. Weather is a complete collection of momentary thermodynamic states in the atmosphere and is defined with thermodynamic variables and relations between them. The goal of this thesis is development and presentation of a new way to determine the direction and speed of air mass movement, based on the combination of passive and active remote sensing techniques. A lidar is being used to determine the range to an object, in our case a cloud, that can be used as a tracer in the air current. Simultaneously with lidar ranging of clouds that same clouds are being visually monitored in a series of optical photographs. Selecting and following the temporal evolution of distinct cloud features and their range allows us to calculate the speed of clouds. The performance of this method was tested on four cases in Feb. and Mar. 2016. Measurements were performed in Ajdovščina in different weather conditions. Along with remote sensing (infra-red lidar and optical cameras), ground measurements of wind at Ajdovščina were performed. Wind speeds and directions obtained from remote sensing were compared to atmospheric sounding data from Ljubljana and Udine at similar heights and performed within as small as possible time window. In all four cases remote sensing results for wind speeds and directions agree relatively well with atmospheric sounding. Deviations are expected to be primarily due to spatial and temporal mismatch between sounding and remote sensing measurements. Another source of uncertainties are the limitations of the present remote sensing method in the determination of the actual direction of the wind, however, theses limitations could be eliminated in the future by using an all-sky camera and vertical lidar configuration.
Ključne besede: remote sensing, wind, atmosphere
Objavljeno: 13.10.2016; Ogledov: 4800; Prenosov: 134
Polno besedilo (9,48 MB)

Opis: This report mainly focuses on the first two detections of gravitational waves (GW). At the beginning of the thesis the historical background of GW explorations is discussed by pointing out some arguments and researchers that were essential for the progress. Continuing with the derivation based on the theory of general relativity, in order to express where certain properties derive. In the main part of the report, the subject of interest becomes Laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO), beginning with the problems occurring on the way to detection, describing different noise sources one by one. After pointing out the problems, solutions are discussed, namely the technological advances made to lower the background noise as much as possible. The chapter (4) points out different parts of the detector which are implemented to produce a clearer signal. As only physical noise reduction methods are not enough, digital signal processing algorithms are mentioned as well which are used to analyze the data. Subsequently the required theoretical knowledge is given, so the main part ends with the analysis of actual data taken from LIGO’s public release for both GW150914 and GW151226 events (first and second official detections). In the conclusion of the report a brief descriptions of various detectors besides Ligo are given and some insight of the future detectors that are planned to be built.
Ključne besede: Gravitational waves, Ligo, Binary black hole merger, gravitational wave interferometry
Objavljeno: 27.09.2016; Ogledov: 4481; Prenosov: 241
Polno besedilo (3,27 MB)

Opis: The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effects that a lightlike singular hypersurface can have on a congruence of timelike (spacelike) geodesics and to extend the existing theory to the case of null geodesics. The introduction discusses the applications of singular hypersurfaces for the description of physical phenomena, their major classfications and includes a short discussion of the two theoretical approaches that exist to study singular hypersurfaces. The second chapter contains detailed description of these approaches. The theoretical frameworks for both cases of lightlike and timelike (spacelike) hypersurfaces are developed. This chapter also discusses the application of these theories to the case when the hypersurface contains a plane fronted lightlike signal. The final chapter starts with a discussion of the effects that a lightlike singular hypersurface can have on a congruence of timelike (spacelike) geodesics. A new approach to these calculations is presented together with an extension of the theory to the case of a congruence of null geodesics. At the end of the chapter a concrete example and its similarities with the case of timelike geodesics is discussed. In conclusion, the thesis suggests a new mathematical framework for describing a congruence of null geodesics crossing a singular null hypersurface. The results may be applied in experimental physics to detect impulsive signals which are located in singular null hypersurfaces and to this end there is a discussion of the properties and possibilities for a detector of impulsive lightlike signals, which include gravitational waves.
Ključne besede: singular hypersurface, impulsive signal, gravitational wave, null geodesic, timelike (spacelike) geodesic
Objavljeno: 16.05.2016; Ogledov: 4731; Prenosov: 199
Polno besedilo (475,54 KB)