1. Measurement of the muon content in air showers at the Pierre Auger ObservatoryMarko Zavrtanik, Danilo Zavrtanik, Lili Yang, Serguei Vorobiov, Darko Veberič, Marta Trini, Samo Stanič, Ahmed Saleh, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Andrej Filipčič, Laura Collica, 2015, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: The muon content of extensive air showers is an
observable sensitive to the primary composition and to
the hadronic interaction properties. We present here
different methods which allow us to estimate the muon number
at the ground level and the muon production depth by
exploiting the measurement of the longitudinal, lateral and
temporal distribution of particles in air showers recorded at
the Pierre Auger Observatory. The results, obtained at about
10[sup]19 eV (E[inf]CM ∼ 140 TeV center-of-mass energy for
proton primaries), are compared to the predictions
of LHC-tuned hadronic interaction models with different primary
masses and suggest a deficit in the muon content at the
ground predicted by simulations. The Pierre Auger Observatory
uses water-Cherenkov detectors to measure particle
densities at the ground and therefore has a good
sensitivity to the muon content of air showers. Moreover, due
to its hybrid design, the combination of muon measurements with
other independent mass composition analyses such as Xmax
provides additional constraints on hadronic interaction models. Found in: ključnih besedah Summary of found: ...about
10[sup]19 eV (E[inf]CM ∼ 140 TeV center-of- mass energy for
proton primaries), are compared to... ... to the primary composition and to
the hadronic... Keywords: Pierre Auger Observatory, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, muons, mass composition, hadronic interactions Published: 03.03.2016; Views: 3289; Downloads: 181
Fulltext (298,46 KB) |
2. Azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of the surface detector signals of the Pierre Auger ObservatoryMarko Zavrtanik, Danilo Zavrtanik, Lili Yang, Serguei Vorobiov, Darko Veberič, Marta Trini, Samo Stanič, Ahmed Saleh, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Andrej Filipčič, A. Aab, 2016, original scientific article Abstract: The azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of signals in Auger surface detector stations is a source of information on shower development. The azimuthal asymmetry is due to a combination of the longitudinal evolution of the shower and geometrical effects related to the angles of incidence of the particles into the detectors. The magnitude of the effect depends upon the zenith angle and state of development of the shower and thus provides a novel observable, (secθ)max, sensitive to the mass composition of cosmic rays above 3×1018 eV. By comparing measurements with predictions from shower simulations, we find for both of our adopted models of hadronic physics (QGSJETII-04 and EPOS-LHC) an indication that the mean cosmic-ray mass increases slowly with energy, as has been inferred from other studies. However, the mass estimates are dependent on the shower model and on the range of distance from the shower core selected. Thus the method has uncovered further deficiencies in our understanding of shower modeling that must be resolved before the mass composition can be inferred from (secθ)max. Found in: ključnih besedah Summary of found: ...a novel observable, (secθ)max, sensitive to the mass composition of cosmic rays above 3×1018 eV. By... Keywords: ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR), UHECR mass composition, Pierre Auger Observatory, extensive air showers, Auger Surface Detector signals risetime, azimuthal symmetry Published: 15.04.2016; Views: 3959; Downloads: 0
Fulltext (698,19 KB) |
3. Measurement of the mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with the Pierre Auger ObservatoryMarko Zavrtanik, Danilo Zavrtanik, Lili Yang, Serguei Vorobiov, Darko Veberič, Marta Trini, Samo Stanič, Ahmed Saleh, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Andrej Filipčič, Mariangela Settimo, 2016, published scientific conference contribution Found in: ključnih besedah Keywords: ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR), Pierre Auger Observatory, UHECR mass composition Published: 09.11.2016; Views: 3274; Downloads: 198
Fulltext (1,24 MB) |
4. Report of the Working Group on the Composition of Ultra High Energy Cosmic RaysMarko Zavrtanik, Danilo Zavrtanik, Serguei Vorobiov, Samo Stanič, Ahmed Saleh, Andrej Filipčič, R. Abbasi, 2016, published scientific conference contribution Found in: ključnih besedah Summary of found: ...ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR),
UHECR mass composition,
Pierre Auger Observatory,
Telescope Array,
cross-calibration st... Keywords: ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR), UHECR mass composition, Pierre Auger Observatory, Telescope Array, cross-calibration studies Published: 17.11.2016; Views: 3530; Downloads: 0
Fulltext (448,71 KB) |
5. Evidence for a mixed mass composition at the ‘ankle’ in the cosmic-ray spectrumMarko Zavrtanik, Danilo Zavrtanik, Lili Yang, Serguei Vorobiov, Darko Veberič, Marta Trini, Samo Stanič, Ahmed Saleh, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Andrej Filipčič, A. Aab, 2016, original scientific article Found in: ključnih besedah Keywords: ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR), UHECR mass composition, UHECR energy spectrum, Pierre Auger Observatory, composition studies at the ‘ankle’ region in the UHECR spectrum Published: 25.11.2016; Views: 3358; Downloads: 150
Fulltext (1,73 MB) |
6. Auger HighlightsMarko Zavrtanik, Danilo Zavrtanik, Darko Veberič, Samo Stanič, Andrej Filipčič, Antonella Castellina, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Ahmed Saleh, Marta Trini, Serguei Vorobiov, Lili Yang, 2014, published scientific conference contribution Found in: ključnih besedah Summary of found: ...(UHECR),
UHECR hybrid detection technique,
UHECR energy spectrum,
UHECR mass composition, UHECR arrival directions... Keywords: Pierre Auger Observatory, ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR), UHECR hybrid detection technique, UHECR energy spectrum, UHECR mass composition, UHECR arrival directions Published: 20.06.2017; Views: 3182; Downloads: 295
Fulltext (861,47 KB) |
7. Astroparticles at the High Energy Frontier: Results from the Pierre Auger ObservatoryMarko Zavrtanik, Danilo Zavrtanik, Serguei Vorobiov, Darko Veberič, Samo Stanič, Ahmed Saleh, Andrej Filipčič, Gonzalo Parente, 2014, published scientific conference contribution Found in: ključnih besedah Summary of found: ...Observatory,
ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR),
UHECR energy spectrum, mass composition, anisotropies... Keywords: Pierre Auger Observatory, ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR), UHECR energy spectrum, mass composition, anisotropies Published: 20.06.2017; Views: 3139; Downloads: 0
Fulltext (1,06 MB) |
8. Results from the Pierre Auger ObservatoryMarko Zavrtanik, Danilo Zavrtanik, Darko Veberič, Samo Stanič, Andrej Filipčič, Ivan De Mitri, 2015, published scientific conference contribution Found in: ključnih besedah Summary of found: ...Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR),
UHECR energy spectrum, UHECR mass composition... Keywords: Pierre Auger Observatory, Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR), UHECR energy spectrum, UHECR mass composition Published: 27.06.2017; Views: 2702; Downloads: 0
Fulltext (475,69 KB) |
9. Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Measurements above 10^17.2 eV and Composition ImplicationsMarko Zavrtanik, Danilo Zavrtanik, Lili Yang, Serguei Vorobiov, Marta Trini, Samo Stanič, Ahmed Saleh, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Andrej Filipčič, Jose Bellido, 2017, published scientific conference contribution Found in: ključnih besedah Summary of found: ...Auger Observatory, depth of maximum of air-shower, mass composition... Keywords: Pierre Auger Observatory, depth of maximum of air-shower, mass composition Published: 16.02.2018; Views: 1965; Downloads: 113
Fulltext (1,19 MB) |
10. Mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays at the Pierre Auger ObservatoryGašper Kukec Mezek, 2019, doctoral dissertation Abstract: Cosmic rays with energies above 10^18 eV, usually referred to as ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR), have been a mystery from the moment they have been discovered. Although we have now more information on their extragalactic origin, their direct sources still remain hidden due to deviations caused by galactic magnetic fields. Another mystery, apart from their production sites, is their nature. Their mass composition, still uncertain at these energies, would give us a better understanding on their production, acceleration, propagation and capacity to produce extensive air showers in the Earth's atmosphere. Mass composition studies of UHECR try to determine their nature from the difference in development of their extensive air showers.
In this work, observational parameters from the hybrid detection system of the Pierre Auger Observatory are used in a multivariate analysis to obtain the mass composition of UHECR. The multivariate analysis (MVA) approach combines a number of mass composition sensitive variables and tries to improve the separation between different UHECR particle masses. Simulated distributions of different primary particles are fitted to measured observable distributions in order to determine individual elemental fractions of the composition. When including observables from the surface detector, we find a discrepancy in the estimated mass composition between a mixed simulation sample and the Pierre Auger data. Our analysis results from the Pierre Auger data are to a great degree independent on hadronic interaction models. Although they differ at higher primary masses, the different models are more consistent, when combining fractions of oxygen and iron. Compared to previously published results, the systematic uncertainty from hadronic interaction models is roughly four times smaller. Our analysis reports a predominantly heavy composition of UHECR, with more than a 50% fraction of oxygen and iron at low energies. The composition is then becoming heavier with increasing energy, with a fraction of oxygen and iron above 80% at the highest energies. Found in: ključnih besedah Keywords: astroparticle physics, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers, mass composition, Pierre Auger Observatory, machine learning, multivariate analysis Published: 03.04.2019; Views: 2831; Downloads: 133
Fulltext (17,53 MB) |