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Abstract: The functionality of infrastructures, particularly in densely populated areas, is greatly impacted by natural disasters, resulting in uncertain networks. Thus, it is important for crisis management professionals and computer-based systems for transportation networks (such as expert systems) to utilize trustworthy data and robust computational methodologies when addressing convoluted decision-making predicaments concerning the design of transportation networks and optimal routes. This study aims to evaluate the vulnerability of paths in post-disaster transportation networks, with the aim of facilitating rescue operations and ensuring the safe delivery of supplies to affected regions. To investigate the problem of links' tolerances in uncertain networks and the resiliency and reliability of paths, an uncertainty theory-based model that employs minmax optimization with a bottleneck objective function is used. The model addresses the uncertain maximum reliable paths problem, which takes into account uncertain risk variables associated with links. Rather than using conventional methods for calculating the deterministic tolerances of a single element in combinatorial optimization, this study introduces a generalization of stability analysis based on tolerances while the perturbations in a group of links are involved. The analysis defines set tolerances that specify the minimum and maximum values that a designated group of links could simultaneously fluctuate while maintaining the optimality of the max-type reliable paths. The study shows that set tolerances can be considered as well-defined and proposes computational methods to calculate or bound such quantities - which were previously unresearched and difficult to measure. The model and methods are demonstrated to be both theoretically and numerically efficient by applying them to four subnetworks from our case study. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive approach to addressing uncertainty in reliability problems in networks, with potential applications in various fields.
Keywords: Disaster Management, Network Reliability, Stability Analysis, Transportation, Uncertainty
Published in RUNG: 24.11.2023; Views: 457; Downloads: 3
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Abstract: Global warming and increased frequency and/or severity of drought events are among the most threatening consequences of climate change for agricultural crops. In response to drought, grapevine (as many other plants) exhibits osmotic adjustment through active accumulation of osmolytes which in turn shift the leaf turgor loss point (TLP) to more negative values, allowing to maintain stomata opened at lower water potentials1. We investigated the capacity of Pinot noir leaves to modulate their osmotic potential as a function of: (i) time (seasonal osmoregulation), (ii) growing temperatures, and (iii) drought events, to enhance comprehension of the resilience of grapevines in drought conditions. We performed trails under semi-controlled field conditions, and in two different greenhouse chambers (20/15 °C vs 25/20 °C day/night). For two consecutive vegetative seasons, grafted potted grapevines (Pinot noir/SO4) were subjected to two different water regimes for at least 30 days: well-watered (WW) and water deficit (WD). Via pressure-volume (PV) curves and osmometer measurements we derived the leaf osmotic adjustment capability and TLP, while monitoring the plant gas exchange and water potential. Surprisingly, lower water potentials in WD vines throughout the season and in all situations (field and greenhouse) did not trigger osmoregulation, changes in TLP nor a modification of the modulus of elasticity. PV curves provided clear evidence that both temperature and water availability do not stimulate active osmotic adjustment in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir. Conversely, there is a clear impact of seasonal osmoregulation throughout the growing season2, decreasing the osmotic potential at full turgor by an average of 0.46 MPa in 90 days. Lack of osmotic adjustment in response to drought observed in this cultivar suggests Vitis genotypes have a broad spectrum of responses to drought and the strategy adopted to cope with it is highly dependent on the cultivar under analysis.
Keywords: grapevine, drought, osmotic adjustment, osmoregulation, turgor loss point
Published in RUNG: 21.11.2023; Views: 543; Downloads: 1
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Abstract: Članek povezuje umetnostno avantgardo z začetka dvajsetega stoletja ter današnjo intermedijsko in družbeno angažirano umetniško prakso. Osrednja teza je, da lahko v predstavljenih primerih umetniških del najdemo koncepte ter modele za razmišljanje in življenje onkraj imperativa rasti in nenehnega napredka. Tovrstne umetniške strategije so predstavljene v petih sklopih, ki obravnavajo teme, kot so lenoba in izginotje, kozmopolitizem in univerzalni jezik, alternativne predstave prostora/časa, transhumanizem, posthumanizem in sistemski pogled na svet. Tako kot so nekoč avantgarde opravljale kritiko industrijske oz. moderne družbe, tako danes intermedijska umetnost prispeva k prestrukturiranju imaginarija rasti ter kapitalistične proizvodnje in potrošnje. Članek doprinaša k premišljevanju konceptov postrasti in odrasti na področju umetnosti in humanistike ter prikaže, kako je prav umetnost tista, preko katere je možno pozitivno razumevanje nemoči in opuščanja oz. nasprotja rasti, kar navadno razumemo kot izključno negativno — kot pomanjkanje in izgubo.
Keywords: umetnost, družba, avantgarda, intermedijska umetnost, ekokritika, ideologija rasti, postkapitalizem
Published in RUNG: 21.11.2023; Views: 631; Downloads: 5
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Keywords: superračunalniki, SLING, Vega, ARNES
Published in RUNG: 17.11.2023; Views: 561; Downloads: 6
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Keywords: čezmejna didaktika književnosti, model CoBLaLT, emocionalna literarna veda
Published in RUNG: 17.11.2023; Views: 643; Downloads: 4
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