71. Year-long measurements of C1-C3 halocarbons at an urban site and their relationship with meteorological parametersM Anwar K Khan, M Iqbal Mead, Iain R. White, Ben Golledge, Graham Nickless, Alan Knights, Damien Martin, Alison C Rivett, Brian G R Greally, Dudley E Shallcross, 2009, original scientific article Abstract: The mixing ratios of 11 C1–C3 halocarbons have been measured using a GC–twin‐linked ECD system over the period from October 2004 to December 2005 at an urban site in Bristol, UK. Time series and seasonal variations of the halocarbons were analysed over the period to determine biogenic and anthropogenic sources and sinks. Correlations between the target halocarbons were also observed, suggesting common sources within the area. Wind rose plots for all halocarbons have been used to assist in the determination of halocarbons sources. Halocarbon concentrations are highest at low‐wind speeds and decrease as wind speed increases, a few species (CCl4 and CH3Cl most notably) rise at very high‐wind speeds suggesting release from the Bristol Channel.
Keywords: adsorption–desorption system, anthropogenic halocarbons, biogenic halocarbons, electron capture detector, gas chromatography, methyl bromide
Published in RUNG: 18.07.2019; Views: 3010; Downloads: 0
This document has many files! More... |
72. Short-range urban dispersion experiments using fixed and moving sourcesDudley E. Shallcross, Damien Martin, Catheryn S Price, Graham Nickless, Iain R. White, Fredrik Petterson, Rex E Britter, Marina K Neophytou, James Tate, Alison S Tomlin, Stephen E Belcher, Janet F Barlow, Alan Robins, 2009, original scientific article Abstract: Four perfluorocarbon tracer dispersion experiments were carried out in central London, United Kingdom in 2004. These experiments were supplementary to the dispersion of air pollution and penetration into the local environment (DAPPLE) campaign and consisted of ground level releases, roof level releases and mobile releases; the latter are believed to be the first such experiments to be undertaken. A detailed description of the experiments including release, sampling, analysis and wind observations is given. The characteristics of dispersion from the fixed and mobile sources are discussed and contrasted, in particular, the decay in concentration levels away from the source location and the additional variability that results from the non-uniformity of vehicle speed.
Keywords: dapple, perfluorocarbon, tracer, mobile source
Published in RUNG: 18.07.2019; Views: 2950; Downloads: 0
This document has many files! More... |
73. A study of pollutant concentration variability in an urban street under low wind speedsDamien Martin, Catheryn S Price, Iain R. White, Graham Nickless, Adrian Dobre, Dudley E Shallcross, 2008, original scientific article Abstract: The short time‐scale variability in pollutant concentrations in an urban street under very low wind speed conditions and short source–receptor distance has been investigated using the inert tracer sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as a continuous point‐source (release times ≥ 5 min), and fast detection using separation by gas chromatography coupled with a μ‐electron capture detector (ECD). The results are complex but can be broadly interpreted in terms of horizontal wind speed and direction coherence. Comparisons with a simple dispersion model suggest that observed time‐averaged maximum concentrations approach predicted values, whilst instantaneous maximum concentrations vary greatly and would therefore be difficult to predict.
Keywords: dispersion, tracer, intermittency
Published in RUNG: 17.07.2019; Views: 3110; Downloads: 128
 Full text (289,67 KB) |
74. |
75. Trace detection of C2H2 in ambient air using continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy combined with sample pre-concentrationManik Pradhan, Ruth Lindley, Roberto Grilli, Iain R. White, Damien Martin, Orr-Ewing Andrew, 2008, original scientific article Abstract: Continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) coupled with sample pre-concentration has been used to measure acetylene (C2H2) mixing ratios in ambient air. Measurements were made in the near-infrared region (λ∼1535.393 nm), using the P(17) rotational line of the (ν1+ν3) vibrational combination band, a region free from interference by overlapping spectral absorption features of other air constituents. The spectrometer is shown to be capable of fast, quantitative and precise C2H2 mixing ratio determinations without the need for gas chromatographic (GC) separation. The current detection limit of the spectrometer following sample pre-concentration is estimated to be 35 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), which is sufficient for direct atmospheric detection of C2H2 at concentrations typical of both urban and rural environments. The CRDS apparatus performance was compared with an instrument using GC separation and flame ionization detection (GC-FID); both techniques were used to analyze air samples collected within and outside the laboratory. These measurements were shown to be in quantitative agreement. The indoor air sample was found to contain C2H2 at a mixing ratio of 3.87±0.22 ppbv (3.90±0.23 ppbv by GC-FID), and the C2H2 fractions in the outside air samples collected on two separate days from urban locations were 1.83±0.20 and 0.69±0.14 ppbv (1.18±0.09 and 0.60±0.04 ppbv by GC-FID). The discrepancy in the first outdoor air sample is attributed to degradation over a 2-month interval between the cw-CRDS and GC-FID analyses.
Keywords: Rotational Line, Cavity Enhance Absorption Spectroscopy, Adsorbent Trap, Trace Atmospheric Constituent, CRDS Instrument
Published in RUNG: 15.07.2019; Views: 3319; Downloads: 0
This document has many files! More... |
76. v-P2O5 micro-clustering in P-doped silica studied by a first-principles Raman investigationLuigi Giacomazzi, Layla Martin-Samos, Antonino Alessi, A. Boukenter, Youcef Ouerdane, Sylvain Girard, Nicolas Richard, Matjaž Valant, Stefano de Gironcoli, 2019, original scientific article Keywords: silica, POHC, optical fibers, Raman, EPR
Published in RUNG: 10.05.2019; Views: 3452; Downloads: 0
This document has many files! More... |
77. Overview of radiation induced point defects in silica-based optical fibersSylvain Girard, Antonino Alessi, Vincenzo De Michele, Youcef Ouerdane, A. Boukenter, Adriana Morana, Nicolas Richard, Philippe Paillet, Marco Cannas, Simonpietro Agnello, Imène Reghioua, Blaz Winkler, Layla Martin-Samos, Luigi Giacomazzi, Diego Di Francesca, Thierry Robin, 2019, review article Keywords: optical fibers, point defects, radiation-induced attenuation, GLPC, NBOHC, STH, ODC, P-doping, Ge-doping, Al-doping
Published in RUNG: 09.05.2019; Views: 3416; Downloads: 0
This document has many files! More... |
78. |
79. Radiation Effects on Optical Fibers and Fiber-Based SensorsSylvain Girard, A. Boukenter, Youcef Ouerdane, Nicolas Richard, Philippe Paillet, Layla Martin-Samos, Luigi Giacomazzi, Claude Marcandella, 2015, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Keywords: Optical Fibers, radiation-induced point defects, dosimetry, ab-initio
Published in RUNG: 24.10.2018; Views: 3770; Downloads: 0
This document has many files! More... |
80. |
