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Abstract: This study examines the carbonaceous-aerosol characteristics at three contrasting urban environments in Greece (Ioannina, Athens, and Heraklion), on the basis of 12 h sampling during winter (January to February 2013), aiming to explore the inter-site differences in atmospheric composition and carbonaceous-aerosol characteristics and sources. The winter-average organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations in Ioannina were found to be 28.50 and 4.33 µg m−3, respectively, much higher than those in Heraklion (3.86 µg m−3 for OC and 2.29 µg m−3 for EC) and Athens (7.63 µg m−3 for OC and 2.44 µg m−3 for EC). The winter OC/EC ratio in Ioannina (6.53) was found to be almost three times that in Heraklion (2.03), indicating a larger impact of wood combustion, especially during the night, whereas in Heraklion, emissions from biomass burning were found to be less intense. Estimations of primary and secondary organic carbon (POC and SOC) using the EC-tracer method, and specifically its minimum R-squared (MRS) variant, revealed large differences between the sites, with a prevalence of POC (67–80%) in Ioannina and Athens and with a larger SOC fraction (53%) in Heraklion. SOC estimates were also obtained using the 5% and 25% percentiles of the OC/EC data to determine the (OC/EC)pri, leading to results contrasting to the MRS approach in Ioannina (70–74% for SOC). Although the MRS method provides generally more robust results, it may significantly underestimate SOC levels in environments highly burdened by biomass burning, as the fast-oxidized semi-volatile OC associated with combustion sources is classified in POC. Further analysis in Athens revealed that the difference in SOC estimates between the 5% percentile and MRS methods coincided with the semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol as quantified by aerosol mass spectrometry. Finally, the OC/Kbb+ ratio was used as tracer for decomposition of the POC into fossil-fuel and biomass-burning components, indicating the prevalence of biomass-burning POC, especially in Ioannina (77%).
Keywords: carbonaceous aerosols, inorganic species, POC-SOC estimation, biomass burning, MRS method, Greece
Published in RUNG: 10.05.2024; Views: 11; Downloads: 0
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Abstract: Hydrogen is playing an important role in many sectors of modern economy (green vehicles, energy conversion and storage in electrical grids, processing industry). Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is an emerging technology for the production of hydrogen from steam and electrical energy as well as for renewable energies storage. Unfortunately, operating at high current and electrical transients cause degradation that leads to premature end of life. A remedy is to implement a hardware module capable to perform online condition monitoring and optimization of SOEC systems resulting in improved overall performance and extended lifetime. That is expected to significantly expand their deployment on the market. However, very little has been done so far. The H2020 project REACTT seems to be one of the first attempts to build an embedded system for monitoring, diagnosis, prognostics, and control (MDPC) for SOEC system. The underlying master's thesis contributes to the REACTT project in the segment related to the supervision of different modules of the MDPC system. The supervisor module is aimed to orchestrate the operation of various functional modules (agents) such as data acquisition, system optimization, diagnosis, prognostics, and mitigation. The thesis focuses on the design of the supervisor module and its implementation on a control platform based on Raspberry Pi 4. The main contributions of the thesis are twofold. First, the dynamic operation of the supervisor modelled by using the state transition diagram (STD). Second, the code for implementation of the supervisor on the target platform done in Python in a way that complies with the requirements imposed in the project.
Keywords: supervisor, module, agent, method, solid oxide electrolysis cell system, diagnosis, prognostics, real-time optimization, Python programming, state transition diagram
Published in RUNG: 20.06.2023; Views: 1073; Downloads: 16
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Keywords: Bismuth selenide derived compounds, surface chemical and electronic properties, topological insulators, single crystals, phase separation, inorganic bulk heterostructures, ix Bridgman method, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy
Published in RUNG: 16.12.2022; Views: 1631; Downloads: 22
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Keywords: fractals, Saraswati supercluster, box-counting method
Published in RUNG: 05.07.2022; Views: 1272; Downloads: 0
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Keywords: Ising model, transfer matrix method, mean-field model, variational principle, ferromagnetic phase transition
Published in RUNG: 15.06.2022; Views: 3173; Downloads: 0
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