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13. Do children derive exact meanings pragmatically? Evidence from a dual morphology languageFranc Marušič, Rok Žaucer, Amanda Saksida, Jessica Sullivan, Dimitrios Skordos, Longlong Wang, David Barner, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Number words allow us to describe exact quantities like sixty-three and (exactly) one. How do we derive exact interpretations? By some views, these words are lexically exact, and are therefore unlike other grammatical forms in language. Other theories, however, argue that numbers are not special and that their exact interpretation arises from pragmatic enrichment, rather than lexically. For example, the word one may gain its exact interpretation because the presence of the immediate successor two licenses the pragmatic inference that one implies “one, and not two”. To investigate the possible role of pragmatic enrichment in the development of exact representations, we looked outside the test case of number to grammatical morphological markers of quantity. In particular, we asked whether children can derive an exact interpretation of singular noun phrases (e.g., “a button”) when their language features an immediate “successor” that encodes sets of two. To do this, we used a series of tasks to compare English-speaking children who have only singular and plural morphology to Slovenian-speaking children who have singular and plural forms, but also dual morphology, that is used when describing sets of two. Replicating previous work, we found that English-speaking preschoolers failed to enrich their interpretation of the singular and did not treat it as exact. New to the present study, we found that 4- and 5-year-old Slovenian-speakers who comprehended the dual treated the singular form as exact, while younger Slovenian children who were still learning the dual did not, providing evidence that young children may derive exact meanings pragmatically. Keywords: Acquisition of quantity expressions, Acquisition of exactness, Pragmatics of grammatical number, Inferences on quantity, Dual, Slovenian Published in RUNG: 13.12.2020; Views: 2427; Downloads: 0 This document has many files! More... |
14. Measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in inclined air showers with the Pierre Auger ObservatoryFelix Riehn, Andrej Filipčič, Gašper Kukec Mezek, Samo Stanič, Marta Trini, Serguei Vorobiov, Lili Yang, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, Lukas Zehrer, 2019, published scientific conference contribution Keywords: ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Pierre Auger Observatory, inclined air showers, muon number fluctuations Published in RUNG: 24.07.2020; Views: 2390; Downloads: 74 Full text (630,96 KB) |
15. Do children use language structure to discover the recursive rules of counting?Rose M. Schneider, Jessica Sullivan, Franc Marušič, Rok Žaucer, Priyanka Biswas, Petra Mišmaš, Vesna Plesničar, David Barner, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: We test the hypothesis that children acquire knowledge of the successor function — a foundational principle stating that every natural number n has a successor n + 1 — by learning the productive linguistic rules that govern verbal counting. Previous studies report that speakers of languages with less complex count list morphology have greater counting and mathematical knowledge at earlier ages in comparison to speakers of more complex languages (e.g., Miller & Stigler, 1987). Here, we tested whether differences in count list transparency affected children’s acquisition of the successor function in three languages with relatively transparent count lists (Cantonese, Slovenian, and English) and two languages with relatively opaque count lists (Hindi and Gujarati). We measured 3.5- to 6.5-year-old children’s mastery of their count list’s recursive structure with two tasks assessing productive counting, which we then related to a measure of successor function knowledge. While the more opaque languages were associated with lower counting proficiency and successor function task performance in comparison to the more transparent languages, a unique within-language analytic approach revealed a robust relationship between measures of productive counting and successor knowledge in almost every language. We conclude that learning productive rules of counting is a critical step in acquiring knowledge of recursive successor function across languages, and that the timeline for this learning varies as a function of count list transparency. Keywords: Cross-linguistic
Count list
Successor function
Natural number concepts
Number acquisition
Conceptual development Published in RUNG: 05.01.2020; Views: 3281; Downloads: 0 This document has many files! More... |
16. Neutrosophic Quadruple BCK/BCI-AlgebrasYoung Bae Jun, Seok-zun Song, Florentin Smarandache, Hashem Bordbar, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: The notion of a neutrosophic quadruple BCK/BCI number is considered, and a neutrosophic quadruple BCK/BCI-algebra, which consists of neutrosophic quadruple BCK/BCI-numbers, is constructed. Several properties are investigated, and a (positive implicative) ideal in a neutrosophic quadruple BCK-algebra and a closed ideal in a neutrosophic quadruple BCI-algebra are studied. Given subsets A and B of a BCK/BCI-algebra, the set NQ(A,B)
, which consists of neutrosophic quadruple BCK/BCI-numbers with a condition, is established. Conditions for the set NQ(A,B)
to be a (positive implicative) ideal of a neutrosophic quadruple BCK-algebra are provided, and conditions for the set NQ(A,B) to be a (closed) ideal of a neutrosophic quadruple BCI-algebra are given. An example to show that the set {0˜} is not a positive implicative ideal in a neutrosophic quadruple BCK-algebra is provided, and conditions for the set {0˜} to be a positive implicative ideal in a neutrosophic quadruple BCK-algebra are then discussed. Keywords: neutrosophic quadruple BCK/BCI-number, neutrosophic quadruple BCK/BCI-algebra, neutrosophic quadruple subalgebra, (positive implicative) neutrosophic quadruple ideal Published in RUNG: 01.12.2019; Views: 3017; Downloads: 0 This document has many files! More... |
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19. Countability, agreement and the loss of the dual in RussianArthur Stepanov, Penka Stateva, 2018, original scientific article Keywords: agreement, atomicity, classifier, countability, dual number, numeral, Russian, Bulgarian Published in RUNG: 21.03.2018; Views: 3946; Downloads: 0 This document has many files! More... |
20. Countability and the structure of numeral-based QPsArthur Stepanov, Penka Stateva, unpublished invited conference lecture Keywords: countability, atomicity, numeral, agreement, dual number, classifier, russian, morphology, syntax, semantics Published in RUNG: 07.02.2018; Views: 3922; Downloads: 0 This document has many files! More... |