131. First utilization of magnetically-assisted photocatalytic iron ▫$oxide-TiO_2$▫ nanocomposites for the degradation of the problematic antibiotic ciprofloxacin in an aqueous environmentJosip Radić, Gregor Žerjav, Lucija Jurko, Perica Bošković, Lidija Fras Zemljič, Alenka Vesel, Andraž Mavrič, Martina Gudelj, Olivija Plohl, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The emergence of antimicrobial resistance due to antibiotics in the environment presents significant public health, economic, and societal risks. This study addresses the need for effective strategies to reduce antibiotic residues, focusing on ciprofloxacin degradation. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IO NPs), approximately 13 nm in size, were synthesized and functionalized with branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI) to obtain a positive charge. These IO-bPEI NPs were combined with negatively charged titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2@CA) to form magnetically photocatalytic IO-TiO2 nanocomposites. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), electrokinetic measurements, and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), confirmed the successful formation and properties of the nanocomposites. The nanocomposites exhibited a high specific surface area, reduced mobility of photogenerated charge carriers, and enhanced photocatalytic properties. Testing the photocatalytic potential of IO-TiO2 with ciprofloxacin in water under UV-B light achieved up to 70% degradation in 150 min, with a degradation rate of 0.0063 min−1. The nanocomposite was magnetically removed after photocatalysis and successfully regenerated for reuse. These findings highlight the potential of IO-TiO2 nanocomposites for reducing ciprofloxacin levels in wastewater, helping curb antibiotic resistance.
Keywords: photocatalytic degradation, magnetic iron oxide-TiO2 nanocomposites, hetero-agglomeration, multifunctionality, antibiotic ciprofloxacin, antimicrobial resistance
Published in RUNG: 09.09.2024; Views: 436; Downloads: 6
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132. Transparent vanadium doped titania-silica films : structural characterization and self-cleaning propertiesAndraž Šuligoj, Nejc Povirk, Ksenija Maver, Andraž Mavrič, Urška Lavrenčič Štangar, Angelja Kjara Surca, 2024, original scientific article Keywords: photocatalysis, TiO2-SiO2, vanadium, film, Raman spectroscopy
Published in RUNG: 09.09.2024; Views: 435; Downloads: 7
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133. Search for a signal from dark matter sub-halos with the galactic plane survey of CTA Observatory : master's thesisZoja Rokavec, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: Dark matter (DM), known to be a dominant matter component in the Universe,
has been searched for extensively, yet remains undetected. One of the promising
avenues of detecting a DM signal is to observe the so called ’DM sub-halos’ within
our galaxy. These sub-halos, which are numerous within the Milky Way, are formed
by the clustering of DM, as predicted by cosmological simulations, and most of
them lack baryonic matter counterparts, making them challenging to detect. How-
ever, the annihilation or decay of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs),
a leading candidate for DM, within these sub-halos is expected to produce very
high-energy (VHE) photons (called gamma-rays) at TeV energies, offering possible
indirect DM detection.
In this thesis, we focus on the Galactic Plane Survey (GPS) of the Cherenkov Tele-
scope Array Observatory (CTAO), an upcoming ground-based gamma-ray obser-
vatory, which promises unprecedented sensitivity and resolution in the detection
of cosmic gamma-ray sources in the ∼ 30 GeV to ∼ 100 TeV energy range. As
dark sub-halos are expected to appear as unidentified (point) sources in the CTAO
GPS data, we employ a machine learning (ML)-based approach, the AutoSour-
ceID framework, leveraging U-shaped networks (U-Nets) and Laplacian of Gaus-
sian (LoG) filter, for automatic source detection and localization, and apply it to
simulated GPS data. We establish detection thresholds for U-Nets trained on dif-
ferently scaled counts (counts, square root or log of counts) and identify which
approach offers best results (in terms of flux sensitivity and location accuracy).
Our findings suggest that using log-scaled counts yields a factor of 1.7 lower flux
threshold compared to counts alone. In addition, we compare our ML outcomes
with traditional methods; however, this comparison is not straightforward, as ML
and traditional approaches fundamentally differ in their methodologies and un-
derlying assumptions. Nevertheless, The flux threshold obtained using log-scaled
counts is comparable to that of the traditional likelihood-based detection method
implemented in the Gammapy library, although further study is needed to estab-
lish a more definitive comparison. These preliminary results also suggest that the
flux threshold for detecting 90% of true sources with the ML approach is approx-
imately two times lower than the sensitivity reported for the GPS in the CTAO
publication. Although these results are not directly comparable due to differences
in methodology, they hint that ML methods may offer superior performance in
certain scenarios. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of our results on the
sensitivity to DM sub-halos, improving it by a factor of 4, highlighting the possi-
bility of detecting at least one sub-halo with a cross section approximately ⟨σv⟩ =
2.4 × 10−23 cm3 /s.
Keywords: Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, dark matter, sub-halos, machine learning, gamma-rays, master's thesis
Published in RUNG: 06.09.2024; Views: 468; Downloads: 7
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134. Kako je razvoj novih tehnologij vplival na filmsko industrijo : diplomsko deloStaš Zupanc, 2024, undergraduate thesis Abstract: Rast in napredek filmske industrije sta se skozi leta skokovito širila. Očetje filma, kot so Edison, Muybridge in brata Lumiere, so že pred več kot 100 leti ustvarili temelje, na katerih gradimo še danes. Razvoj novih tehnologij, kot so uporaba zvoka v filmu, barvne slike ter kasneje še računalniško ustvarjenih vidnih učinkov, je imelo in še ima zelo močan pozitivni vpliv na celotno filmsko industrijo. Digitalne filmske kamere in digitalna video montaža sta precej poenostavili produkcijo filmov ter režiserjem odprla popolnoma nova obzorja idej. Meja za takšne ali drugačne presežne izjemnosti v filmih je postala le avtorjeva ustvarjalnost. Finančni in logistični problemi so se zmanjšali, celotna proizvodnja avdio vizualnih vsebin pa je postala dostopna tudi širši javnosti. Kljub vsej tehnologiji in trenutni zlati dobi filma, pa se z uporabo umetne inteligence stalen razvoj filmskega sveta še dolgo ne bo ustavil.
Keywords: zgodovina filma, filmska industrija, filmski trak, digitalizacija, filmske kamere, montaža, ustvarjalnost, umetna inteligenca, pametni telefoni, spletne podlage, diplomske naloge
Published in RUNG: 05.09.2024; Views: 517; Downloads: 8
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135. GasesAlojz Kodre, Iztok Arčon, Jana Padežnik Gomilšek, 2024, scientific entry in dictionary, encyclopaedia or lexicon Abstract: X-ray absorption spectroscopy of gases is seldom used for structural analysis,
except in as much as the extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS)
signal is used to monitor some specific molecular process. Gas spectroscopy,
however, has been the main tool in the systematic study of higher-order
photoabsorption processes, multielectron photoexcitations (MEEs), which were
introduced with an experiment at the K edge of argon. Along with noble gases,
where MEEs are studied in the pure form, free of the structural signal,
measurements have been extended to monatomic metal vapours, although at the
cost of considerable experimental difficulties. Several types of absorption cells
have been devised, among them the ceramic double cell and the heat-pipe cell
for experiments in the low-energy region. In a high-temperature oven with
considerable technical refinement, edge profiles of nonvolatile metals were
measured up to 2500 K. Edge profiles and MEEs, which are strongly dependent
on electron correlation, provide sensitive tests of the theory of atomic and
molecular structure.
Keywords: X-ray absorption spectroscopy, absorption cells, gas and vapour samples, multielectron photoexcitation, effects of electron
correlation
Published in RUNG: 05.09.2024; Views: 494; Downloads: 4
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