1. Annual variation of source contributions to ▫$PM_10$▫ and oxidative potential in a mountainous area with traffic, biomass burning, cement-plant and biogenic influencesKristina Glojek, Thuy Vy Dinh Ngoc, Sylvain Weber, Gaëlle Uzu, M. Manousakas, R. Elazzouzi, Katja Džepina, S. Darfeuil, Patrick Ginot, Andrej Podkoritnik, Griša Močnik, 2024, original scientific article Keywords: air pollution, extensive PM chemical characterization, positive matrix factorization (PMF), new source identification, health metric Published in RUNG: 03.06.2024; Views: 994; Downloads: 9 Full text (3,58 MB) This document has many files! More... |
2. Particulate air pollution in the heart of the European Union : lessons learned from SAFICA 2017-2018 and SAAERO 2022-2023 projects in Central and Southeast EuropeKatja Džepina, Kristina Glojek, Martin Rigler, Asta Gregorič, Matic Ivančič, Irena Ježek, Griša Močnik, 2024, published scientific conference contribution abstract Abstract: Particularly during the cold weather season, countries of the Southeast Europe are experiencing some of the poorest air quality in the world due to the extensive use of solid fuels and old vehicle fleets. The city of Sarajevo is the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) situated within a basin surrounded by mountains. In the winter months (domestic heating season), topography and meteorology cause the pollutants to be trapped within the city basin. Countries of the Southeast Europe lack state-of-the-art atmospheric sciences research and access to sophisticated instrumentation and methodology, despite high levels of ambient pollution and position within the European Union (EU) borders, making it imperative to understand the emission sources, processing and the adverse health effects of atmospheric aerosol pollution.
This presentation will highlight the field measurements in Central and Southeast Europe during the Sarajevo Canton Winter Field Campaign 2017-2018 (SAFICA) and Sarajevo Aerosol Experiment 2022-2023 (SAAERO) projects, centered at the Sarajevo Bjelave supersite. Both projects were envisioned to produce crucial, not previously available information about aerosol emission sources and atmospheric transformations through a combination of online field and offline laboratory measurements. Online measurements during a) SAFICA and b) SAAERO included, a) black carbon, particle number and size distribution, and b) carbonaceous species, elemental composition and bulk chemical composition. SAAERO online measurements also included stationary and mobile measurements of gas- and particle-phase species on board the mobile laboratory in Sarajevo and Zenica, BiH, as well as in Ljubljana, Slovenia and Zagreb, Croatia. Finally, extended SAAERO project included measurements of black carbon at three additional urban centers: Ljubljana, Zagreb, and Belgrade, Serbia, enabling the first comparison of urban air quality in Central and Southeast Europe between two EU and two non-EU capitals.
During both projects, laboratory aerosol analyses determined aerosol bulk chemical composition, selected elements (Huremović et al., 2020; Žero et al., 2022) and molecular species (Pehnec et al., 2020). Aerosol chemical composition determined by aerosol mass spectrometry was further analyzed by Positive Matrix Factorization to separate organic aerosol into subtypes characteristic of specific sources and atmospheric processes. Aerosol oxidative potential was also determined to evaluate aerosol ability to generate reactive oxygen species. Sarajevo and Belgrade have high ambient loadings of aerosol and black carbon, indicative of strong and diverse combustion sources and a major public health hazard. Finally, aerosol surface concentrations will be discussed in the context of European air quality.
We thank Jasminka Džepina, Magee Scientific/Aerosol, TSI and Aerodyne for support. We acknowledge the contribution of the COST Action CA16109 COLOSSAL and SEE Change Net. KDž and ASHP acknowledge the grant by the Swiss NSF (Scientific Exchanges IZSEZ0_189495), KDž, GM and ASHP European Commission SAAERO grant (EU H2020 MSCA-IF 2020 #101028909), GM Slovenian ARIS grant (P1-0385), SF Croatian HRZZ grant (BiREADI IP-2018-01-3105), and AG, MR, MI, BA and IBJ Slovenian ARIS grant (L1-4386).
Pehnec, G., et al., Sci. Tot. Environ., 734, 139414, 2020.
Huremović, J., et al., Air Qual. Atmos. Health, 13, 965–976, 2020.
Žero, S., Žužul, S., et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 7052−7062, 2022. Keywords: air pollution, sources of pollution, PMF Published in RUNG: 18.03.2024; Views: 1320; Downloads: 4 Full text (314,28 KB) This document has many files! More... |
3. Composition and source apportionment of PM10 in an Alpine valley influenced by a cement plant : lecture at the European aerosol conference, EAC2023, Malaga, Spain, 3. 9. 2023Kristina Glojek, Katja Džepina, Griša Močnik, 2023, unpublished conference contribution Keywords: air pollution, extensive PM characterization, positive matrix factorization (PMF), new source identification Published in RUNG: 23.02.2024; Views: 1279; Downloads: 3 Link to file This document has many files! More... |
4. Identification and detailed characterization of ▫$PM_10$▫ sources in an Alpine valley influenced by a cement plantKristina Glojek, Katja Džepina, Griša Močnik, 2023, published scientific conference contribution abstract Abstract: The contribution of traffic and wood burning to particulate matter (PM) across the Alps is widely recognized and studied (Herich et al., 2014 and references therein; Glojek et al., 2020). However, studies on valleys with cement production are scarce (Kim et al., 2003; Rovira et al., 2018) despite its large PM emissions and potential toxic properties (Erik et al., 2022; Weinbruch et al., 2023). We aim to identify and characterize sources’ contribution to the complex mixture of carbonaceous and mineral PM10 in a representative Alpine valley.
Quartz filter samples of PM10 were collected daily from December 2020 to December 2021 and analyzed using different chemical techniques. In the same period equivalent black carbon (eBC) measurements were taken with the Aethalometer AE43. The measured species were analyzed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model (EPA PMF 5.0) with newly added tracers, i. e. source-specific eBC (Sandradewi et al., 2008) and organic species (2-MT, 3-MBTCA, phtalic acid, MSA and oxalate). The final PMF results were compared to online PMF-factors (SoFi Pro) derived from PM10 and PM2.5 elemental measurements (Cooper Xact 625i).
Ten factors were identified at the site, including commonly detected biomass burning, traffic, nitrate- and sulfate-rich, aged sea salt and mineral dust. With the added additional organic traces, primary biogenic and secondary oxidation were recognized as well. In addition, two unusual factors were disclosed, contributing 10% to annual PM10. Namely, Cl-rich and a mineral dust-rich factor, which we name the cement kiln factor. We associate these two factors to different processes in the cement plant.
The outputs of the study provide vital information about the influence of cement production on PM10 concentrations in complex environments and are useful for PM control strategies and actions. Keywords: PM pollution, carbonaceous aerosols, source apportionment, industry Published in RUNG: 10.01.2024; Views: 1453; Downloads: 0 This document has many files! More... |
5. Estimation of atmospheric deposition utilizing lichen Hypogymnia physodes, moss Hypnum cupressiforme and soil in Bosnia and HerzegovinaS. Adžemović, S. Aliefendić, E. Mehić, A. Ranica, I. Vehab, N. Alagić, Š. Delibašić, K. Herceg, M. Karić, Katja Džepina, 2022, original scientific article Keywords: air pollution, biomonitoring, enrichment factors, heavy metals Published in RUNG: 11.04.2022; Views: 2276; Downloads: 28 Link to full text This document has many files! More... |
6. New insight into the measurements of particle-bound metals in the urban and remote atmospheres of the Sarajevo canton and modeled impacts of particulate air pollution in Bosnia and HerzegovinaSabina Žero, Silva Žužul, Jasna Huremović, Gordana Pehnec, Ivan Bešlić, Jasmina Rinkovec, Ranka Godec, Noah Kittner, Griša Močnik, Katja Džepina, 2022, original scientific article Keywords: Sarajevo, BiH, aerosol, ETAAS, ICP-MS, BenMAP, ExternE, SAFICA Published in RUNG: 03.03.2022; Views: 2230; Downloads: 0 This document has many files! More... |
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8. Sarajevo Canton Winter Field Campaign 2018 (SAFICA) : aerosol source apportionment and oxidative potential in a global hotspotKatja Džepina, Griša Močnik, 2021, published scientific conference contribution abstract Abstract: Nowadays, urban centres in countries of the Western Balkan (e.g., Bosnia and Herzegovina, B&H) are experiencing some of the poorest air quality worldwide due to the extensive use of solid fuels and an old vehicle fleet. Western Balkan countries lack state-of-the-science atmospheric research despite high levels of ambient pollution, making the efforts to understand the mechanisms of their air pollution imperative. Sarajevo, the capital of B&H, is situated in a basin surrounded by mountains. During the winter months, topography and meteorology cause significant pollution episodes.
The Sarajevo Canton Winter Field Campaign 2018 (SAFICA) took place from Dec 04, 2017 to Mar 15, 2018 with online aerosol measurements and collection of daily, continuous filter PM10 samples for offline laboratory analyses. SAFICA aimed to give the first detailed characterization of the Western Balkans aerosol composition including organic aerosol (OA) to elucidate aerosol emission sources and atmospheric processing and to estimate the adverse health effects. PM10 samples (ntotal=180) were collected at four sites in the Sarajevo Canton: a) Bjelave and b) Pofalići (both urban background); c) Otoka (urban); d) Ivan Sedlo (remote). The urban sites were distributed along the city basin to study the pollutants’ urban evolution and the remote site was chosen to compare urban to background air masses.
SAFICA PM10 samples underwent the following offline laboratory chemical analyses: 1) Bulk chemical composition of the total filter-collected water-soluble inorganic and OA by a high-resolution Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS). The measured AMS OA spectra were further analysed by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) using the graphical user interface SoFi (Source Finder) to separate OA into subtypes characteristic for OA sources and atmospheric processes. 2) Organic and elemental carbon, water-soluble organic carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (11), levoglucosan, organic acids (16) and 14C total carbon content to evaluate OA chemical composition. 3) Major inorganic anions and cations to evaluate aerosol inorganic species. 4) Aerosol metal content determined by three techniques (AAS, ICP-MS and EESI). 5) Aerosol oxidative potential (OP) by two methods (AA and DTT) to evaluate the ability of particles to generate adverse health effects causing reactive oxygen species. SAFICA online measurements of black carbon (Aethalometer) and the particle number conc. (CPC and OPS) enabled the insights into the daily evolution of primary pollutants and an assessment of aerosol size and number distribution.
The combined SAFICA results for field and lab measurements will be presented. Our results show that carbonaceous aerosols make ~2/3 of PM10 mass and the majority are oxygenated, water-soluble OA species with an average OM/OC = 1.9 (Fig.1). Absolute OP levels are very high compared to other sites globally. However, more work is needed to estimate the contributions of different aerosol sources and species to total aerosol OP. Urban air pollution crises in the Western Balkan will be put in the context of local, regional and global air quality. Finally, we will present the scientific questions opened by SAFICA and give suggestions for future studies. Keywords: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, urban air pollution, PM10, PM2.5 Published in RUNG: 03.09.2021; Views: 2913; Downloads: 50 Link to full text This document has many files! More... |
9. [Rasprava] : Okrugli stol održan 26. siječnja 2017. u palači Akademije u ZagrebuKatja Džepina, 2017, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: Temeljna namjera održavanja okruglog stola i objave ove knjige bila je da se pri obradi pravne zaštite zraka mora polaziti od struke koja je mjerodavna za pitanje očuvanja kvalitete zraka. Pravni pristup tom važnom području mora se na to nastaviti.
Pritom se moraju poštivati temeljna pravila odgovarajuće struke, zahtjevi koje ona postavlja i prijedlozi kako poboljšati trenutačno stanje. Rasprava je pokazala da je zadovoljavajući učinak moguć jedino ako primjenjujemo takav pristup. Zadatak je
pravnika pravno uobličiti ono što zahtijeva struka koja se bavi kvalitetom zraka. Takav je zahtjev postavljen i u raspravi. Keywords: Pravna zaštita zraka, Okrugli stol, Hrvatska Akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, Zagreb, Republika Hrvatska Published in RUNG: 14.06.2021; Views: 2579; Downloads: 0 This document has many files! More... |
10. SAFICA 2018: an example of collaboration with the Western Balkan : Slovenian e-seminar organized by Dr. Stojan Sorčan, our National Contact Point Pre-seminar to European Commission MSCA e-seminar “EU – Western Balkan” to be held Mar 24-25, 2021Katja Džepina, unpublished invited conference lecture Keywords: Dr. Stojan Sorčan, Ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost in šport Republike Slovenije, EU Horizon2020, Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant No 101028909, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Western Balkan Published in RUNG: 13.06.2021; Views: 2646; Downloads: 0 This document has many files! More... |